Вектор науки Тольяттинского государственного университета. Серия: Педагогика, психология. 2021; : 33-39
КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ «ПОЗИТИВНЫЙ ОБРАЗ ТЕЛА» В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
https://doi.org/10.18323/2221-5662-2021-4-33-39Аннотация
Позитивный образ тела – конструкт, формирование которого наиболее активно происходит в последние два десятилетия. Его появление в психологическом дискурсе было своеобразным ответом на распространение практики изучения образа тела с позиций патологии в контексте клинических исследований второй половины XX века. В настоящее время в мире накоплен опыт исследования позитивного образа тела, особенно актуальный в эпоху пандемии. В статье приведен анализ зарубежных публикаций, посвященных рассмотрению позитивного образа тела, изданных в англоязычных журналах по возрастной, клинической и социальной психологии с 2000 по 2021 год. Работа позволяет отследить трансформацию рассматриваемого конструкта в контексте гуманистической и позитивной психологии, трактующих образ тела не только через понятие внешности, но и через такое измерение, как функциональность тела. Акцент на функциональности в анализе проблематики телесности позволил сместить фокус внимания психологов со стратегий объектного отношения к телу на стратегии заботы о теле как о ценности. Выделены ключевые области изучения позитивного образа тела на современном этапе развития науки: характеристика структуры и компонентов рассматриваемого феномена; поиск социокультурных, семейных и индивидуально-психологических факторов, влияющих на формирование позитивного образа тела; оценка эффективности программ профилактики и коррекции, направленных на пропаганду здорового образа тела; анализ позитивного образа тела как ресурса личности в эпоху пандемии.
Список литературы
1. Pullmer R., Coelho J.S., Zaitsoff S.L. Kindness begins with yourself: The role of self-compassion in adolescent body satisfaction and eating pathology // International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2019. Vol. 52. № 7. P. 809-816.
2. Watson H.J., Joyce T., French E., Willan V., Kane R.T., Tanner-Smith E.E., McCormack J., Dawkins H., Hoiles K.J., Egan S.J. Prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials // The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2016. Vol. 49. № 9. P. 833-862.
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5. Wood-Barcalow N.L., Tylka T.L., Augustus-Horvath C.L. “But I like my body”: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women // Body Image. 2010. Vol. 7. № 2. P. 106-116.
6. Rice J.B., Hardenbergh M., Hornyak L.M. Disturbed Body Image in Anorexia Nervosa: Dance // Movement Therapy Interventions. Experiential Therapies for Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press, 1989. P. 252-278.
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8. Cash T.F., Jakatdar T.A., Williams E.F. The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory: Further validation with college men and women // Body Image. 2004. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 279-287. DOI: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00023-8.
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11. Piran N. New possibilities in the prevention of eating disorders: The introduction of positive body image measures // Body Image. 2015. Vol. 14. P. 146-157. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.008.
12. Damiano S.R., Gregg K.J., Spiel E.C., McLean S.A., Wertheim E.H., Paxton S.J. Relationships between body size attitudes and body image of 4-year-old boys and girls, and attitudes of their fathers and mothers // Journal of Eating Disorders. 2015. Vol. 3. Article number 16.
13. Smolak L. Body image in children and adolescents: Where do we go from here? // Body Image. 2004. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 15-28. DOI: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00008-1.
14. Piran N., Carter W., Thompson S., Pajouhandeh P. Powerful girls: A contradiction in terms? Young women speak about the experience of growing up in a girl’s body // Ways of knowing in and through the body: Diverse perspectives on embodiment. Welland: Soleil Publishin, 2002. P. 206-210.
15. Piran N., Teall T. The developmental theory of embodiment // Preventing eating-related and weight-related disorders. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2012. P. 169-197.
16. Avalos L., Tylka T.L., Wood-Barcalow N. The Body Appreciation Scale: development and psychometric evaluation // Body Image. 2005. Vol. 2. № 3. P. 285-297. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002.
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18. Swami V., Abbasnejad A. Associations between femininity ideology and body appreciation among British female undergraduates // Personality and Individual Differences. 2010. Vol. 48. № 5. P. 685-687. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.017.
19. Lobera I.J., Rios P.B. Spanish version of the body appreciation scale (BAS) for adolescents // Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2011. Vol. 14. № 1. P. 411-420. DOI: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.37.
20. Swami V., Jaafar J.L. Factor structure of the body appreciation scale among Indonesian women and men: Further evidence of a two-factor solution in a nonwestern population // Body Image. 2012. Vol. 9. № 4. P. 539-542. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.06.002.
21. Nichter M. Fat talk: What girls and their parents say about dieting. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. 202 p.
22. Sjoberg R.L., Nilsson K.W., Leppert J. Obesity, shame and depression in school-aged children: a population-based study // Pediatrics. 2005. Vol. 116. № 3. P. E389-E392. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-0170.
23. Tiggemann M. The impact of adolescent girls’ life concerns and leisure activities on body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and self-esteem // Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development. 2001. Vol. 162. № 2. P. 133-142. DOI: 10.1080/00221320109597955.
24. Tiggemann M., McCourt A. Body appreciation in adult women: Relationships with age and body satisfaction // Body Image. 2013. Vol. 10. № 4. P. 624-627. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.0033.
25. Rogers C.B., Webb J.B., Jafari N. A systematic review of the roles of body image flexibility as correlate, moderator, mediator, and in intervention science (2011-2018) // Body Image. 2018. Vol. 27. P. 43-60.
26. Sundgot-Borgen C., Friborg O., Kolle E., Engen K.M.E., Sundgot-Borgen J., Rosenvinge J.H., Pettersen G., Torstveit M.K., Piran N., Bratland-Sanda S. The healthy body image (HBI) intervention: Effects of a school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial with 12-months follow-up // Body Image. 2019. Vol. 29. P. 122-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.007.
27. Sundgot-Borgen C., Bratland-Sanda S., Engen K.M.E., Pettersen G., Friborg O., Torstveit M.K., Kolle E., Piran N., Sundgot-Borgen J., Rosenvinge J.H. The Norwegian healthy body image programme: study protocol for a randomized controlled school-based intervention to promote positive body image and prevent disordered eating among Norwegian high school students // BMC Psychol. 2018. Vol. 6. № 1. Article number 8. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0221-8.
Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology. 2021; : 33-39
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A POSITIVE BODY IMAGE IN CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN STUDIES
https://doi.org/10.18323/2221-5662-2021-4-33-39Abstract
Positive body image is a construct that has actively been formed in the last two decades. Its appearance in the psychological discourse was a kind of response to the spreading of the practice of studying the body image from the point of view of pathology in the context of clinical studies of the second half of the XX century. Currently, the world has accumulated some experience in studying a positive body image, which is especially relevant in the pandemic era. The paper analyzes contemporary foreign publications considering a positive body image published in English-language journals on developmental, clinical, and social psychology from 2001 to 2021. The research allows monitoring the transformation of the studied construct in the context of humanistic and positive psychology that considers the body image both through the concept of appearance and through such definition as body functionality. The emphasis on the functionality within the analysis of the embodiment problematics allowed shifting the focus of the psychologists’ attention from the strategies of object attitude to a body to the strategies of taking care of a body as a value. The authors highlight the key areas of studying a positive body image at the current stage of development of science: the characteristics of a structure and components of the phenomenon under the study; the search for the sociocultural, family, and individual-psychological factors influencing the formation of positive body image; the assessment of the efficiency of prevention and correction programs aimed at the promotion of healthy body image; the analysis of positive body image as a recourse of a personality in the pandemic epoch.
References
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2. Watson H.J., Joyce T., French E., Willan V., Kane R.T., Tanner-Smith E.E., McCormack J., Dawkins H., Hoiles K.J., Egan S.J. Prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials // The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2016. Vol. 49. № 9. P. 833-862.
3. Kaminskaya N.A., Ailamazyan A.M. Issledovaniya obraza fizicheskogo «Ya» v razlichnykh psikhologicheskikh shkolakh // Natsional'nyi psikhologicheskii zhurnal. 2015. № 3. S. 45-55.
4. Seligman M., Csikszentmihalyi M. Positive psychology: an introduction // The American psychologist. 2000. Vol. 55. № 1. P. 5-14. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.
5. Wood-Barcalow N.L., Tylka T.L., Augustus-Horvath C.L. “But I like my body”: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women // Body Image. 2010. Vol. 7. № 2. P. 106-116.
6. Rice J.B., Hardenbergh M., Hornyak L.M. Disturbed Body Image in Anorexia Nervosa: Dance // Movement Therapy Interventions. Experiential Therapies for Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press, 1989. P. 252-278.
7. Cash T.F., Fleming E.C. The impact of body image experiences: Development of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory // International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2002. Vol. 31. № 4. P. 455-460. DOI: 10.1002/eat.10033.
8. Cash T.F., Jakatdar T.A., Williams E.F. The Body Image Quality of Life Inventory: Further validation with college men and women // Body Image. 2004. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 279-287. DOI: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00023-8.
9. Cash T.F., Santos M.T., Williams E.F. Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory // Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2005. Vol. 58. № 2. P. 191-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.008.
10. Tylka T.L., Wood-Barcalow N.L. What is and what is not positive body image? Conceptual foundations and construct definition // Body Image. 2015. Vol. 14. P. 118-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.001.
11. Piran N. New possibilities in the prevention of eating disorders: The introduction of positive body image measures // Body Image. 2015. Vol. 14. P. 146-157. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.008.
12. Damiano S.R., Gregg K.J., Spiel E.C., McLean S.A., Wertheim E.H., Paxton S.J. Relationships between body size attitudes and body image of 4-year-old boys and girls, and attitudes of their fathers and mothers // Journal of Eating Disorders. 2015. Vol. 3. Article number 16.
13. Smolak L. Body image in children and adolescents: Where do we go from here? // Body Image. 2004. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 15-28. DOI: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00008-1.
14. Piran N., Carter W., Thompson S., Pajouhandeh P. Powerful girls: A contradiction in terms? Young women speak about the experience of growing up in a girl’s body // Ways of knowing in and through the body: Diverse perspectives on embodiment. Welland: Soleil Publishin, 2002. P. 206-210.
15. Piran N., Teall T. The developmental theory of embodiment // Preventing eating-related and weight-related disorders. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2012. P. 169-197.
16. Avalos L., Tylka T.L., Wood-Barcalow N. The Body Appreciation Scale: development and psychometric evaluation // Body Image. 2005. Vol. 2. № 3. P. 285-297. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002.
17. Swami V., Airs N., Chouhan B., Leon M.A.P., Towell T. Are there ethnic differences in positive body image among female British undergraduates? // European Psychologist. 2009. Vol. 14. № 4. P. 288-296. DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040.14.4.288.
18. Swami V., Abbasnejad A. Associations between femininity ideology and body appreciation among British female undergraduates // Personality and Individual Differences. 2010. Vol. 48. № 5. P. 685-687. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.017.
19. Lobera I.J., Rios P.B. Spanish version of the body appreciation scale (BAS) for adolescents // Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2011. Vol. 14. № 1. P. 411-420. DOI: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.37.
20. Swami V., Jaafar J.L. Factor structure of the body appreciation scale among Indonesian women and men: Further evidence of a two-factor solution in a nonwestern population // Body Image. 2012. Vol. 9. № 4. P. 539-542. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.06.002.
21. Nichter M. Fat talk: What girls and their parents say about dieting. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. 202 p.
22. Sjoberg R.L., Nilsson K.W., Leppert J. Obesity, shame and depression in school-aged children: a population-based study // Pediatrics. 2005. Vol. 116. № 3. P. E389-E392. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-0170.
23. Tiggemann M. The impact of adolescent girls’ life concerns and leisure activities on body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and self-esteem // Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development. 2001. Vol. 162. № 2. P. 133-142. DOI: 10.1080/00221320109597955.
24. Tiggemann M., McCourt A. Body appreciation in adult women: Relationships with age and body satisfaction // Body Image. 2013. Vol. 10. № 4. P. 624-627. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.0033.
25. Rogers C.B., Webb J.B., Jafari N. A systematic review of the roles of body image flexibility as correlate, moderator, mediator, and in intervention science (2011-2018) // Body Image. 2018. Vol. 27. P. 43-60.
26. Sundgot-Borgen C., Friborg O., Kolle E., Engen K.M.E., Sundgot-Borgen J., Rosenvinge J.H., Pettersen G., Torstveit M.K., Piran N., Bratland-Sanda S. The healthy body image (HBI) intervention: Effects of a school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial with 12-months follow-up // Body Image. 2019. Vol. 29. P. 122-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.007.
27. Sundgot-Borgen C., Bratland-Sanda S., Engen K.M.E., Pettersen G., Friborg O., Torstveit M.K., Kolle E., Piran N., Sundgot-Borgen J., Rosenvinge J.H. The Norwegian healthy body image programme: study protocol for a randomized controlled school-based intervention to promote positive body image and prevent disordered eating among Norwegian high school students // BMC Psychol. 2018. Vol. 6. № 1. Article number 8. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0221-8.
