Вопросы вирусологии. 2022; 67: 310-321
Генетическое разнообразие вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ-1) в Калининградской области
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-119Аннотация
Введение. Как известно на сегодняшний день, эпидемия ВИЧ-инфекции в Калининградской области преимущественно была связана с распространением рекомбинантной формы вируса (CRF03_AB), однако регулярные заносы ВИЧ из других стран и частей света создали благоприятные условия для формирования и распространения его разнообразных рекомбинантных форм. Наиболее полная информация о разнообразии рекомбинантных форм в регионе необходима для понимания структуры лекарственной устойчивости (ЛУ), так как влияние ассоциированных с ней мутаций на приспособленность вируса может быть неодинаковым для разных субтипов, причём рекомбинантные формы могут сочетать в своём геноме наиболее удачные паттерны мутаций, что позволит ВИЧ с большей эффективностью противостоять антиретровирусной терапии.
Цель работы. Изучение генетического разнообразия ВИЧ-1 в Калининградской области.
Материалы и методы. Исследованы 162 образца плазмы крови, полученные от пациентов из Калининградской области как с подтверждённой вирусологической неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии, так и с впервые выявленной ВИЧ-инфекцией. Для обратной транскрипции и амплификации ВИЧ использовали диагностический набор «АмплиСенс HIVResist-Seq» (ЦНИИЭ, Россия).
Результаты и обсуждение. Доминирующими в группе являлись различные рекомбинанты между субтипами А и В (74%), в том числе CRF03_AB и субтипом А (33,95%) и рекомбинантная форма, схожая с СRF03_ AB (CRF03_AB-like (13,58%). Среди «чистых» субтипов вируса доминирует характерный для территории Российской Федерации суб-субтип – А6 (16,67%), одновременно с ним циркулируют субтипы В (3,70%) и G (1,23%).
Были выявлены 96 пациентов (59,26%) хотя бы c одной мутацией, ассоциированной с ЛУ к антиретровирусным препаратам.
Заключение. Выявленное разнообразие субтипов и рекомбинантных форм вируса указывает на то, что в исследуемом регионе продолжается активный процесс формирования новых рекомбинантов, причём между как уже существующими рекомбинантными формами и «чистыми» субтипами, так и между «чистыми» субтипами.
Список литературы
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Problems of Virology. 2022; 67: 310-321
Genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in the Kaliningrad region
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-119Abstract
Introduction. As is currently known, the epidemic process in the Kaliningrad Region was mainly associated with the spread of the recombinant form of HIV-1 (CRF03_AB); however, regular HIV importations from other countries and continents has created favorable conditions for emergence and spread of various recombinant forms of the virus.
The most complete information on the diversity of recombinant forms in the region is also necessary to understand the structure of drug resistance (DR). The aim of the study was to explore the HIV-1 genetic diversity in the Kaliningrad Region.
Materials and methods. We studied 162 blood plasma samples obtained from patients from the Kaliningrad Region, both with confirmed virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with newly diagnosed HIV infection. For reverse transcription and amplification of HIV genome fragments, diagnostic «AmpliSense HIVResist-Seq».
Results and discussion. The various recombinants between subtypes A and B (74%) were predominant in study group: recombinant was between CRF03_AB and subtype A (33.95%) and CRF03_AB-like (13.58%) were the most common. Among the “pure” subtypes of the virus, subtype A6 (16.67%). The circulation of subtypes B (3.70%) and G (1.23%) was also noted.
Ninety-six patients (59.26%) were identified with at least one mutation associated with antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance.
Conclusion. The observed diversity of subtypes and recombinant forms of the virus implies that the new recombinants are actively emerging in the studied region, both between existing recombinant forms and “pure” subtypes, as well as between “pure” subtypes.
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