Вопросы вирусологии. 2022; 67: 193-205
Лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ: прежние и современные тенденции
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-113Аннотация
ВИЧ-инфекция является неизлечимым заболеванием, однако эффективная антиретровирусная терапия (АРТ) позволяет добиться установления неопределяемой вирусной нагрузки, сохранения функции иммунной системы и здоровья пациента. В связи с постоянным ростом применения АРТ и высокой изменчивостью ВИЧ, особенно у пациентов, получающих по разным причинам так называемую субоптимальную терапию, растёт частота возникновения лекарственной устойчивости (ЛУ). В свою очередь, наличие ЛУ у ВИЧ-инфицированного пациента влияет на эффективность терапии, что влечёт за собой ограничение выбора и удорожание схем лечения, прогрессирование заболевания и, следовательно, повышенный риск летального исхода, а также передачи инфекции партнёрам. Рассмотрены основные проблемы ЛУ, её виды и причины развития, а также факторы, связанные с её развитием. Описаны основные мутации ЛУ по каждому из классов препаратов.
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Problems of Virology. 2022; 67: 193-205
HIV drug resistance: past and current trends
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-113Abstract
HIV infection is incurable, but effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) makes it possible to achieve an undetectable viral load (VL), to preserve the function of the immune system and to prevent the patient’s health. Due to the constant increase in the use of ART and the high variability of HIV, especially in patients receiving so-called suboptimal therapy for various reasons, the incidence of drug resistance (DR) is increasing. In turn, the presence of DR in an HIV-infected patient affects the effectiveness of therapy, which leads to a limited choice and an increase in the cost of treatment regimens, disease progression and, consequently, an increased risk of death, as well as transmission of infection to partners. The main problems of drug resistance, its types and causes, as well as factors associated with its development are considered. The main drug resistance mutations for each of the drug classes are described.
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