Вопросы вирусологии. 2022; 67: 185-192
Энтеровирусные (Picornaviridae: Enterovirus) (неполио) вакцины
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-111Аннотация
Неполиомиелитные энтеровирусы (НПЭВ) распространены повсеместно и являются одними из основных возбудителей заболеваний вирусной этиологии у детей. Наиболее часто НПЭВ инфицируют новорождённых и детей младшего возраста, что связано с отсутствием у них антител. У детей клинические проявления могут варьировать от острых лихорадочных заболеваний до тяжёлых осложнений, требующих госпитализации и приводящих в ряде случаев к инвалидности или летальному исходу. Заражение НПЭВ способно приводить к тяжелым последствиям, таким как полиомиелитоподобные заболевания, серозный менингит, менингоэнцефалит, миокардит и др. Наиболее перспективной стратегией профилактики таких заболеваний является вакцинация. На территории России обнаружена циркуляция не менее 53 типов НПЭВ. Однако эпидемическое значение имеют возбудители экзантемных форм заболевания, асептического менингита и миокардита. При этом частота обнаружения НПЭВ в субъектах Российской Федерации характеризуется неравномерностью распределения и сезонными подъёмами. В обзоре обсуждается эпидемическая значимость разных типов энтеровирусов, в том числе актуальных для Российской Федерации, а также современные технологии, применяемые при создании энтеровирусных вакцин для профилактики тяжёлых заболеваний.
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Problems of Virology. 2022; 67: 185-192
Enteroviral (Picornaviridae: Enterovirus) (nonpolio) vaccines
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-111Abstract
Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are ubiquitous and are one of the main causative agents of viral infections in children. NPEVs most commonly infect newborns and young children, due to their lack of antibodies. In children, clinical manifestations can range from acute febrile illness to severe complications that require hospitalization and lead in some cases to disability or death. NPEV infections can have severe consequences, such as polio-like diseases, serous meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, etc. The most promising strategy for preventing such diseases is vaccination. No less than 53 types of NPEVs have been found to circulate in Russia. However, of epidemic importance are the causative agents of exanthemic forms of the disease, aseptic meningitis and myocarditis. At the same time, the frequency of NPEV detection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized by uneven distribution and seasonal upsurges. The review discusses the epidemic significance of different types of enteroviruses, including those relevant to the Russian Federation, as well as current technologies used to create enterovirus vaccines for the prevention of serious diseases.
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