Вопросы вирусологии. 2021; 66: 442-451
Особенности патологии дыхательной системы у сирийских хомяков (Mesocricetus auratus) при инфекции вирусом SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus)
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-63Аннотация
Введение. На сегодняшний день в связи с необходимостью проведения доклинических исследований препаратов, предназначенных для профилактики и лечения новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, важной задачей представляется верификация гистологических изменений дыхательной системы на экспериментальных моделях у лабораторных животных, в частности у сирийских (золотистых) хомяков (Mesocricetus auratus).
Цель работы – исследование патологических изменений лёгких применительно к биологической модели инфекции, вызываемой вирусом SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus), у сирийских хомяков.
Материал и методы. Самцов сирийских хомяков массой 80–100 г заражали путём интраназального введения культуры с содержанием возбудителя 4 × 104 ТЦД50/мл (ТЦД – тканевая цитопатическая доза). Эвтаназию животных проводили на 3, 7 и 14 сут с регистрацией гравиметрических показателей. Содержание вируса в лёгких определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Гистологические препараты ткани правого лёгкого и трахеи окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, а также по Маллори.
Результаты и обсуждение. У инфицированных SARS-CoV-2 животных через 3 сут после заражения определяли максимальные значения репликативной активности вируса в лёгочной ткани. Спустя 7 сут на фоне снижения количественного содержания инфекционного агента в тканях лёгкого выявляли патологически значимое увеличение гравиметрических показателей органа. В период 3–14 сут после заражения в гистологической картине лёгких наблюдали развитие воспалительного процесса, характеризовавшегося последовательной сменой инфильтративно-пролиферативных, отёчно-макрофагальных и фибробластических изменений. Установлено, что начальные изменения эпителия дыхательных путей могут протекать без паранекротического интерстициального воспаления, тогда как при формировании множественного поражения лёгочной паренхимы повреждения эпителия бронхиол и ацинарных ходов могут иметь вторичный характер. В качестве патоморфологического признака, характерного для инфекции SARS-CoV-2 у данного вида, отмечено появление эпителиоидных крупноклеточных форм метаплазированного эпителия, формирующих псевдоацинарные структуры.
Заключение. В результате исследования описаны особенности патологии дыхательной системы у сирийских хомяков на экспериментальной модели инфекции SARS-CoV-2. Полученные данные имеют практическое значение как референтные и могут быть использованы при проведении доклинических исследований по оценке эффективности вакцинных препаратов и лекарственных средств.
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Problems of Virology. 2021; 66: 442-451
Specific features of the pathology of the respiratory system in SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus) infected Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-63Abstract
Introduction. Verification of histological changes in respiratory system using Syrian (golden) hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as experimental model is an important task for preclinical studies of drugs intended for prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19.
The aim of this work was to study pathological changes of pulmonary tissue in SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus) experimental infection in Syrian hamsters. Material and methods. Male Syrian hamsters weighting 80–100 g were infected by intranasal administration of culture SARS-CoV-2 at dose 4 × 104 TCID50/ml (TCID is tissue culture infectious dose). Animals were euthanatized on 3, 7 and 14 days after infection, with gravimetric registration. The viral load in lungs was measured using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Right lung and trachea tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and according to Mallory.
Results and discussion. The highest viral replicative activity in lungs was determined 3 days after the infection. After 7 days, on a background of the decrease of the viral load in lungs, a pathologically significant increase of the organ’s gravimetric parameters was observed. Within 3 to 14 days post-infection, the lung histologic pattern had been showing the development of inflammation with a succession of infiltrative-proliferative, edematousmacrophagal and fibroblastic changes. It was found that initial changes in respiratory epithelium can proceed without paranecrotic interstitial inflammation, while in the formation of multiple lung parenchyma lesions, damage to the epithelium of bronchioles and acinar ducts can be secondary. The appearance of epithelioid large-cell metaplastic epithelium, forming pseudoacinar structures, was noted as a pathomorphological feature specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, the specific features of the pathology of the respiratory system in SARSCoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters were described. These findings are of practical importance as reference data that can be used for preclinical studies to assess the effectiveness of vaccines and potential drugs.
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