Вопросы вирусологии. 2021; 66: 7-16
Вирус Эбола (Filoviridae: Ebolavirus: Zaire ebolavirus): фатальные адаптационные мутации
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-23Аннотация
Болезнь, вызванная вирусом Эбола (БВВЭ) (прежнее название - геморрагическая лихорадка Эбола), - одно из самых опасных инфекционных заболеваний, поражающих человека и приматов. С момента идентификации первой вспышки в 1976 г. в мире зарегистрировано более 25 аналогичных эпизодов, самый крупный из которых в 2014-2016 гг. перерос в эпидемию и унёс жизни свыше 11 тыс. человек. В настоящее время одновременно в восточной и западной частях Демократической Республики Конго (ДРК) протекают 2 независимые вспышки БВВЭ. Считается, что естественным резервуаром её возбудителей являются летучие мыши (Microchiroptera), однако инфекционный агент из них до сих пор не выделен. Известно, что большинство вирусов животных не способно реплицироваться в человеческом организме. Для того чтобы произошло заражение человека, необходимо наличие адаптационных мутаций (АМ). В данном обзоре на основании результатов ряда исследований сформулирована гипотеза о том, что формирование мутационных изменений подобного рода происходит непосредственно в популяциях людей и приматов, приводя в дальнейшем к развитию вспышек БВВЭ.
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Problems of Virology. 2021; 66: 7-16
Ebola virus (Filoviridae: Ebolavirus: Zaire ebolavirus): fatal adaptation mutations
https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-23Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) (former Ebola hemorrhagic fever) is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases affecting humans and primates. Since the identification of the first outbreak in 1976, there have been more than 25 outbreaks worldwide, the largest of which escalated into an epidemic in 2014-2016 and caused the death of more than 11,000 people. There are currently 2 independent outbreaks of this disease in the eastern and western parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) at the same time. Bats (Microchiroptera) are supposed to be the natural reservoir of EVD, but the infectious agent has not yet been isolated from them. Most animal viruses are unable to replicate in humans. They have to develop adaptive mutations (AM) to become infectious for humans. In this review based on the results of a number of studies, we hypothesize that the formation of AM occurs directly in the human and primate population and subsequently leads to the development of EVD outbreaks.
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