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Вопросы вирусологии. 2016; 61: 101-106

Природные резервуары вирусов рода Hepacivirus семейства Flaviviridae

Дерябин П. Г.

https://doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-3-101-106

Аннотация

Вирус гепатита c (HCV) является причиной острого и хронического заболевания печени, включая хронический гепатит, цирроз и гепатоцеллюлярную карциному. В естественных условиях HCV способен инфицировать только людей, и лишь шимпанзе чувствительны к экспериментальному заражению. В последние годы были обнаружены вирусы, генетически родственные HCV, у диких млекопитающих (грызуны, летучие мыши, зайцы, приматы), домашних животных, находящихся в тесном контакте с людьми (собаки, лошади, коровы). Род Hepacivirus в семействе Flaviviridae, ранее представленный HCV и предположительно GBV-B, пополнился новыми родственными HCV вирусами животных. Данные изучения молекулярногенетических и биологических свойств дают возможность понять историю, эволюцию HCV, его происхождение, а также открывают перспективу использования гепацивирусов неприматов в качестве лабораторной модели для доклинических испытаний лечебных и профилактических препаратов против гепатита С. Установлено, что гепацивирус лошадей является наиболее близким гомологом HCV среди известных в настоящее время гомологов HCV животных.
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44. Lauck M., Sibley S.D., Lara J., Purdy M.A., Khudyakov Y., Hyeroba D. et al. A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate. J. Virol. 2013; 87(16): 8971–81.

Problems of Virology. 2016; 61: 101-106

Natural reservoirs of viruses of the genus Hepacivirus, Flaviviridae

Deriabin P. G.

https://doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-3-101-106

Abstract

HCV is a cause of acute and chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Under natural conditions, HCV is able to infect only humans, and only chimpanzees are sensitive to experimental infection. In recent years, viruses genetically related to HCV were discovered in wild mammals (rodents, bats, rabbits), as well as in domestic animals living in close contact with humans (dogs, horses, cows). The hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, previously represented only by HCV and, presumably, by GBV-B, now includes new related viruses of animals. The results of the study of molecular-genetic and biological properties of the hepaciviruses provide an opportunity to understand the history, evolution, and the origin of HCV. It also opens up the prospect of using HCV homologues of non-primates as a laboratory model for preclinical medical and prophylactic drugs against hepatitis c. It was found that the hepacivirus of horses is the most closely related to HCV among currently known HCV homologues.
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33. El-Attar L.M., Mitchell J.A., Brooks B.H., Priestnall S.L., Brownlie J. Detection of non-primate hepaciviruses in UK dogs. Virology. 2015; 484: 93–102.

34. Burbelo P.D., Dubovi E.J., Simmonds P., Medina J.L., Henriquez J.A., Mishra N. et al. Serology-enabled discovery of genetically diverse hepaciviruses in a new host. J. Virol. 2012; 86(11): 6171–8.

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39. Baechlein C., Ficher N., Grundhoff A., Alawi M., Indenbirken D., Postel A. et al. Identification of a Novel Hepacivirus in Domestic Cattle from Germany. J. Virol. 2015; 89(14): 7007–15.

40. Teeling E.C., Springer M.S., Madsen O., Bates P., O’brien S.J., Murphy W.J. et al. A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record. Science. 2005; 307(5709): 580–4.

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43. Quan P.L., Firth C., Conte J.M., Williams S.H., Zambrana-Torrelio C.M., Anthony S.J. et al. Bats are a major natural reservoir for hepaciviruses and pegiviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2013; 110(20): 8194–9.

44. Lauck M., Sibley S.D., Lara J., Purdy M.A., Khudyakov Y., Hyeroba D. et al. A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate. J. Virol. 2013; 87(16): 8971–81.