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Вопросы вирусологии. 2019; 64: 5-11

АДЪЮВАНТЫ ГРИППОЗНЫХ ВАКЦИН: НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СУЛЬФАТИРОВАННЫХ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ ИЗ МОРСКИХ БУРЫХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ

Кузнецова Т. А., Персиянова Е. В., Запорожец Т. С., Беседнова Н. Н.

https://doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-1-5-11

Аннотация

В обзоре дана характеристика представителей основных групп адъювантов (минеральные соли алюминия, синтетические адъюванты на основе сквалена - MF59 и AS03, CpG-олигодеоксинуклеотиды, виросомы, полиоксидоний, совидон), входящих в состав лицензированных гриппозных вакцин, рассмотрены основные механизмы адъювантного действия, отмечены их преимущества и недостатки. Описаны адъюванты вакцин, находящихся на этапе экспериментальных исследований и клинических испытаний (ISCOMs, Advax™, хитозан). Особое внимание уделено сульфатированным полисахаридам (ПС) (фукоиданам) из морских бурых водорослей в качестве вакцинных адъювантов. Представлены многочисленные примеры их применения в составе экспериментальных вакцин. Оценена перспективность использования сульфатированных ПС при конструировании гриппозных вакцин, обусловленная высокой биосовместимостью, низкой токсичностью и хорошей переносимостью, а также механизмами адъювантной активности. Сульфатированные ПС являются агонистами толл-подобных рецепторов клеток врожденного иммунитета и мощными индукторами клеточного и гуморального иммунного ответа, что важно для разработки вакцин против гриппа. При подготовке обзора использована информация из библиографических и реферативных баз данных научных публикаций, поисковых систем, издательств: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier и др.
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Problems of Virology. 2019; 64: 5-11

ADJUVANTS OF INFLUENZA VACCINES: NEW POSSIBILITIES OF USING SULPHATED POLYSACCHARIDES FROM MARINE BROWN ALGAE

Kuznetsova T. A., Persiyanova E. V., Zaporozhets T. S., Besednova N. N.

https://doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-1-5-11

Abstract

The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalene-based adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Particular attention is paid to sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from marine brown algae as vaccine adjuvants. Numerous results of their application in compositions of experimental vaccines are presented. The prospects of sulfated polysaccharides using in the design of influenza vaccines are estimated. These prospects are determined by high biocompatibility, low toxicity and good tolerance of the human body to fucoidans, as well as mechanisms of their adjuvant activity. Sulfated polysaccharides are agonists of toll-like receptors of innate immunity cells and powerful inducers of the cellular and humoral immune response, which is important for the development of influenza vaccines. The review is based on the information presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases of scientific publications, search engines and publishers: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier and others.
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