Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2023; : 53-62
Сочетание криогенной деформации и электроимпульсной обработки как способ получения ультрамелкозернистых металлов
https://doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2023-4-66-5Аннотация
Проведен сравнительный анализ структуры и твердости чистых металлов с гранецентрированной кубической решеткой – алюминия, никеля и меди, подвергнутых комплексной термомеханической обработке (ТМО), включавшей изотермическую криогенную прокатку при температуре жидкого азота и последующую электроимпульсную обработку (ЭИО) токами высокой плотности. Рассмотрены основные этапы, особенности и преимущества ТМО, обеспечивающие сначала сильный наклеп обрабатываемого материала за счет деформации при отрицательных температурах, а затем его сверхбыстрый контактный электроимпульсный нагрев до заданной температуры. С использованием современных методов сканирующей электронной микроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа проведено многоуровневое исследование структуры металлов после основных этапов ТМО с фиксацией широкого спектра ее линейных и угловых параметров. Выявлены кинетика и природа процессов трансформации структуры металлов при криопрокатке и ЭИО, их движущая сила и контролирующие факторы, а также общие закономерности и температурные интервалы активации возврата и рекристаллизации деформационной структуры под воздействием электроимпульса. На основе результатов анализа структурно-механического поведения металлов сделан вывод о том, что сочетание большой пластической криогенной деформации с последующей однократной обработкой ультракороткими импульсами переменного тока является эффективным способом получения полуфабрикатов с регламентированными параметрами их структуры и свойств, в т. ч. высокопрочного ультрамелкозернистого проката. При этом феноменология и природа упрочнения/разупрочнения металлов при криогенной прокатке и последующей обработке импульсами тока аналогичны наблюдающимся при холодной прокатке и печном отжиге.
Список литературы
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Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2023; : 53-62
Combination of cryogenic deformation and electropulse processing as a way to produce ultrafine-grain metals
https://doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2023-4-66-5Abstract
The data of a comparative analysis of the structure and hardness of pure metals with a face-centered cubic lattice – aluminum, nickel and copper, subjected to complex thermomechanical treatment (TMT), including isothermal cryogenic rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature and subsequent high-density electropulse treatment (EPT) were presented. The main stages, features and advantages of TMT, which first ensure strong work hardening of the processed material due to deformation at low temperatures and then its ultra-fast contact electropulse heating up to a specified temperature, were considered. A multi-level analysis of the metals structure evolution due to TMT was carried out using modern methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, recording a wide range of its linear and angular parameters. The kinetics and nature of the processes of the metals structure evolution under cryogenic rolling and EPT, their driving forces and controlling factors, as well as general patterns and temperature intervals of activation of the deformation structure recovery and recrystallization influenced by an electric pulse are identified and discussed. Based on the results of the analysis of the structural and mechanical behaviour of metals, it was concluded that the combination of severe plastic cryogenic deformation and a single-step treatment with ultrashort alternating current pulses is an effective way to obtain semi-finished products with controlled parameters of their structure and properties, including high-strength ultrafine-grain rolled products. At that the phenomenology and nature of the strengthening/softening of metals during cryogenic rolling and subsequent electropulsing are similar to those observed under cold rolling and furnace annealing.
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26. Markushev M.V., Valeev I.Sh., Avtokratova E.V., Ilyasov R.R., Valeeva A.K., Krimsky S.V., Sitdikov O.S. Effect of high-dense electropulsing with different energies on the structure and strength of nickel cryorolled to different strains // Letters on Materials. 2023. Vol. 13. № 2. P. 126–131. DOI: 10.22226/2410-3535-2023-2-126-131.
27. Danyuk A., Merson D., Yasnikov I., Agletdinov E., Afanasyev M., Vinogradov A. The effect of stacking fault energy on acoustic emission in pure metals with face-centered crystal lattice // Letters on Materials. 2017. Vol. 7. № 4. P. 437–441. DOI: 10.22226/2410-3535-2017-4-437-441.
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29. Zhao Yonghao, Liao X.Z., Zhu Yuntian, Horita Z., Langdon T.G. Influence of stacking fault energy on nanostructure under high pressure torsion // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005. Vol. 410-411. P. 188–193. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.074.
30. Belyakov A., Sakai T., Miura H., Kaibyshev R., Tsuzaki K. Continuous recrystallization in austenitic stainless steel after large strain deformation // Acta Materialia. 2002. Vol. 50. № 6. P. 1547–1557. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00013-7.
