Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2023; : 63-71
Исследование фазовых превращений в двухслойном жаростойком покрытии Ti–Al–C+Y–Al–O на жаропрочном никелевом сплаве
https://doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2023-4-66-6Аннотация
На сегодняшний день происходит активный рост требований к топливной эффективности и удельному весу авиационных турбореактивных двигателей. Существующие покрытия для защиты деталей двигателей на основе диоксида циркония во многом устарели и исчерпали потенциал развития, поэтому ведутся исследования новых керамических систем для производства защитных покрытий на их основе. В работе проведено исследование жаростойкого двуслойного покрытия на основе системы Y–Al–O (внешний слой) и МАХ-фазы Ti2AlC системы Ti–Al–C (подслой), полученного методом вакуумно-дугового осаждения на жаропрочном никелевом сплаве Inconel 738 и на молибдене поочередным осаждением слоев на основе Ti–Al–C и слоя Y–Al–O. При помощи синхротронного излучения исследованы фазовые превращения в покрытии при нагреве образцов до 1400 °С в вакууме и до 1100 °С в атмосфере с целью изучения процесса окисления и формирования покрытия в условиях присутствия кислорода. При помощи растровой электронной микроскопии изучены микроструктура и химический состав покрытия. Установлено, что нагрев покрытия в вакууме и в атмосфере вызывает в нем различные фазовые превращения, но в обоих случаях наблюдается формирование смеси оксидов группы Y–Al–O и дестабилизация подслоя на основе Ti–Al–C. После нагрева покрытия в атмосфере без предварительной термообработки при остывании покрытие разрушилось, чего не наблюдалось при нагреве покрытия в вакууме.
Список литературы
1. Mondal K., Nunez L., Lii C.M., Downey I.J., Rooyen I.J. Thermal barrier coatings overview: Design, manufacturing, and applications in high-temperature industries // Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2021. Vol. 60. № 17. P. 6061–6077. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00788.
2. Liu Bin, Liu Yuchen, Zhu Changhua, Xiang Huimin, Chen Hongfei, Sun Luchao, Gao Yanfeng, Zhou Yanchun. Advances on strategies for searching for next generation thermal barrier coating materials // Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2019. Vol. 35. № 5. P. 833–851. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.11.016.
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9. Jarligo M.O., Mack D.E., Vassen R., Stover D. Application of plasma-sprayed complex perovskites as thermal barrier coatings // Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 2009. Vol. 18. P. 187–193. DOI: 10.1007/s11666-009-9302-9.
10. Guo Hongbo, Zhang Hongju, Ma Guohui, Gong Shengkai. Thermo-physical and thermal cycling properties of plasma-sprayed BaLa2Ti3O10 coating as potential thermal barrier materials // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2009. Vol. 204. № 5. P. 691–696. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.009.
11. Yuan Jieyan, Sun Junbin, Wang Jinshuang, Zhang Hao, Dong Shujuan, Jiang Jianing, Deng Longhui, Zhou Xin, Cao Xueqiang. SrCeO3 as a novel thermal barrier coating candidate for high–temperature applications // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2018. Vol. 740. P. 519–528. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.021.
12. Li Enbo, Ma Wen, Zhang Peng, Zhang Chennan, Bai Yu, Liu Hongxia, Yan Shufang, Dong Hongying, Meng Xiangfeng. The effect of Al3+ doping on the infrared radiation and thermophysical properties of SrZrO3 perovskites as potential low thermal infrared material // Acta Materialia. 2021. Vol. 209. Article number 116795. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116795.
13. Plaza A.V., Krause A.R. Mitigating CMAS Attack in Model YAlO3 Environmental Barrier Coatings: Effect of YAlO3 Crystal Orientation on Apatite Nucleation // Coatings. 2022. Vol. 12. № 10. Article number 1604. DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101604.
14. Turcer L.R., Krause A.R., Garces H.F., Lin Zhang, Padture N.P. Environmental-barrier coating ceramics for resistance against attack by molten calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass: Part I, YAlO3 and γ-Y2Si2O7 // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2018. Vol. 38. № 11. P. 3905–3913. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.03.021.
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16. Haftani M., Heydari M.S., Baharvandi H.R., Ehsani N. Studying the oxidation of Ti2AlC MAX phase in atmosphere: A review // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2016. Vol. 61. P. 51–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.07.006.
17. Badie S., Sebold D., Vaben R., Guillon O., Gonzalez-Julian J. Mechanism for breakaway oxidation of the Ti2AlC MAX phase // Acta Materialia. 2021. Vol. 215. Article number 117025. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117025.
18. Eklund P., Rosen J., Persson P.O. Layered ternary Mn+1AXn phases and their 2D derivative MXene: an overview from a thin-film perspective // Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2017. Vol. 50. № 11. Article number 113001. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa57bc.
19. Garkas W., Leyens C., Flores-Renteria A. Synthesis and characterization of Ti2AlC and Ti2AlN MAX phase coatings manufactured in an industrial-size coater // Advanced Materials Research. 2010. Vol. 89. P. 208–213. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.89-91.208.
20. Tang C., Klimenkov M., Jaentsch U., Leiste H., Rinke M., Ulrich S., Steinbruck M., Saifert H.J., Stueber M. Synthesis and characterization of Ti2AlC coatings by magnetron sputtering from three elemental targets and ex-situ annealing // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2017. Vol. 309. P. 445–455. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.11.090.
21. Weyant C.M., Faber K.T. Processing–microstructure relationships for plasma-sprayed yttrium aluminum garnet // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2008. Vol. 202. № 24. P. 6081–6089. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.07.008.
22. Mechnich P., Braue W. Air plasma-sprayed Y2O3 coatings for Al2O3/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013. Vol. 33. № 13-14. P. 2645–2653. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.03.034.
Frontier Materials & Technologies. 2023; : 63-71
Investigation of phase transformations in a two-layer Ti–Al–C+Y–Al–O coating on a heat-resistant nickel alloy
https://doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2023-4-66-6Abstract
Currently, an active increase in requirements for fuel efficiency and specific gravity of aircraft turbojet engines is observed. Existing coatings based on zirconium dioxide intended for protecting engine parts are largely outdated and have exhausted their development potential, so new ceramic systems for the production of protective coatings based on them are an area of research. The authors carried out a study of a heat-resistant two-layer coating based on the Y–Al–O system (outer layer) and the Ti2AlC MAX phase of the Ti–Al–C system (sublayer) produced using vacuum-arc deposition on the Inconel 738 heat-resistant nickel alloy and molybdenum by alternate deposition of layers based on Ti–Al–C and a Y–Al–O layer. Using synchrotron radiation, phase transformations in the coating were examined when samples were heated to 1400 °C in a vacuum and to 1100 °C in the atmosphere to study the process of oxidation and coating formation in the presence of oxygen. Using scanning electron microscopy, the authors studied the microstructure and chemical composition of the coating. The study identified that heating the coating in a vacuum and in the atmosphere causes various phase transformations in it, but in both cases, the formation of a mixture of oxides of the Y–Al–O group and destabilization of the Ti–Al–C-based sublayer are observed. After heating the coating in the atmosphere without preliminary heat treatment, the coating was destroyed upon cooling, which was not observed when the coating was heated in a vacuum.
References
1. Mondal K., Nunez L., Lii C.M., Downey I.J., Rooyen I.J. Thermal barrier coatings overview: Design, manufacturing, and applications in high-temperature industries // Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2021. Vol. 60. № 17. P. 6061–6077. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00788.
2. Liu Bin, Liu Yuchen, Zhu Changhua, Xiang Huimin, Chen Hongfei, Sun Luchao, Gao Yanfeng, Zhou Yanchun. Advances on strategies for searching for next generation thermal barrier coating materials // Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2019. Vol. 35. № 5. P. 833–851. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.11.016.
3. Vaßen R., Bakan E., Mack D.E., Guillon O. A perspective on thermally sprayed thermal barrier coatings: current status and trends // Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 2022. Vol. 31. № 4. P. 685–698. DOI: 10.1007/s11666-022-01330-2.
4. Lashmi P.G., Ananthapadmanabhan P.V., Unnikrishnan G., Aruna S.T. Present status and future prospects of plasma sprayed multilayered thermal barrier coating systems // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2020. Vol. 40. № 8. P. 2731–2745. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.03.016.
5. Thakare J.G., Pandey Ch., Mahapatra M.M., Mulik R.S. Thermal barrier coatings – A state of the art review // Metals and Materials International. 2021. Vol. 27. P. 1947–1968. DOI: 10.1007/s12540-020-00705-w.
6. Cernuschi F., Bison P. Thirty Years of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC), Photothermal and thermographic techniques: Best practices and lessons learned // Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 2022. Vol. 31. № 4. P. 716–744. DOI: 10.1007/s11666-022-01344-w.
7. Tejero-Martin D., Bennett C., Hussain T. A review on environmental barrier coatings: History, current state of the art and future developments // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2021. Vol. 41. № 3. P. 1747–1768. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.10.057.
8. Liu Yuchen, Zhang Wei, Wang Banghui, Sun Luchao, Li Fangzhi, Xue Zhenhai, Zhou Guohong, Liu Bin, Nian Hanggiang. Theoretical and experimental investigations on high temperature mechanical and thermal properties of BaZrO3 // Ceramics International. 2018. Vol. 44. № 14. P. 16475–16482. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.06.064.
9. Jarligo M.O., Mack D.E., Vassen R., Stover D. Application of plasma-sprayed complex perovskites as thermal barrier coatings // Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 2009. Vol. 18. P. 187–193. DOI: 10.1007/s11666-009-9302-9.
10. Guo Hongbo, Zhang Hongju, Ma Guohui, Gong Shengkai. Thermo-physical and thermal cycling properties of plasma-sprayed BaLa2Ti3O10 coating as potential thermal barrier materials // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2009. Vol. 204. № 5. P. 691–696. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.009.
11. Yuan Jieyan, Sun Junbin, Wang Jinshuang, Zhang Hao, Dong Shujuan, Jiang Jianing, Deng Longhui, Zhou Xin, Cao Xueqiang. SrCeO3 as a novel thermal barrier coating candidate for high–temperature applications // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2018. Vol. 740. P. 519–528. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.021.
12. Li Enbo, Ma Wen, Zhang Peng, Zhang Chennan, Bai Yu, Liu Hongxia, Yan Shufang, Dong Hongying, Meng Xiangfeng. The effect of Al3+ doping on the infrared radiation and thermophysical properties of SrZrO3 perovskites as potential low thermal infrared material // Acta Materialia. 2021. Vol. 209. Article number 116795. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116795.
13. Plaza A.V., Krause A.R. Mitigating CMAS Attack in Model YAlO3 Environmental Barrier Coatings: Effect of YAlO3 Crystal Orientation on Apatite Nucleation // Coatings. 2022. Vol. 12. № 10. Article number 1604. DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101604.
14. Turcer L.R., Krause A.R., Garces H.F., Lin Zhang, Padture N.P. Environmental-barrier coating ceramics for resistance against attack by molten calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass: Part I, YAlO3 and γ-Y2Si2O7 // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2018. Vol. 38. № 11. P. 3905–3913. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.03.021.
15. Gatzen C., Mack D.E., Guillon O., Vaben R. YAlO3 – A novel environmental barrier coating for Al2O3/Al2O3–ceramic matrix composites // Coatings. 2019. Vol. 9. № 10. Article number 609. DOI: 10.3390/coatings9100609.
16. Haftani M., Heydari M.S., Baharvandi H.R., Ehsani N. Studying the oxidation of Ti2AlC MAX phase in atmosphere: A review // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2016. Vol. 61. P. 51–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.07.006.
17. Badie S., Sebold D., Vaben R., Guillon O., Gonzalez-Julian J. Mechanism for breakaway oxidation of the Ti2AlC MAX phase // Acta Materialia. 2021. Vol. 215. Article number 117025. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117025.
18. Eklund P., Rosen J., Persson P.O. Layered ternary Mn+1AXn phases and their 2D derivative MXene: an overview from a thin-film perspective // Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2017. Vol. 50. № 11. Article number 113001. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa57bc.
19. Garkas W., Leyens C., Flores-Renteria A. Synthesis and characterization of Ti2AlC and Ti2AlN MAX phase coatings manufactured in an industrial-size coater // Advanced Materials Research. 2010. Vol. 89. P. 208–213. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.89-91.208.
20. Tang C., Klimenkov M., Jaentsch U., Leiste H., Rinke M., Ulrich S., Steinbruck M., Saifert H.J., Stueber M. Synthesis and characterization of Ti2AlC coatings by magnetron sputtering from three elemental targets and ex-situ annealing // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2017. Vol. 309. P. 445–455. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.11.090.
21. Weyant C.M., Faber K.T. Processing–microstructure relationships for plasma-sprayed yttrium aluminum garnet // Surface and Coatings Technology. 2008. Vol. 202. № 24. P. 6081–6089. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.07.008.
22. Mechnich P., Braue W. Air plasma-sprayed Y2O3 coatings for Al2O3/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2013. Vol. 33. № 13-14. P. 2645–2653. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.03.034.
