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Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2018; : 199-203

Источниковедческий анализ материалов архива штата Вашингтон, посвященных вопросу организации труда заключённых в дорожном строительстве в начале XX в.

Шевченко С. А.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/428/27

Аннотация

Проведен комплексный источниковедческий анализ письменных исторических источников архива штата Вашингтон, посвященных вопросу использования подневольного труда заключенных на строительстве региональной инфраструктуры -проблеме, малоизученной в современной историографии. В статье дан обобщенный обзор документов, не введенных в научный оборот, осуществлена внешняя и внутренняя критика материала. На основе источниковедческих методов научного исследования выявлены проблемы полноты, точности, репрезентативности полученной информации.
Список литературы

1. Pennybacker J. Mileage and Cost of Public Roads in the United States in 1909. Washington D.C. : Government printing office, 1912.

2. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Ernest Lister. Subject Files. Box № 81. Penitentiary, Honor camps, 1913-1914.

3. Brazier D. History of the Washington Legislature 1854-1963. Olympia : Published by Washington State Senate, 2000.

4. Шевченко С.А. Организация труда заключенных по «системе доверия» на строительстве дорог в штате Вашингтон (1913-1916 гг.) // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2016. № 1 (39).

5. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. Box № 27. Convict Labor, 1913. Portion of Address of Honorable John F. Shafroth, Governor of Colorado Before Good Roads Congress in Chicago, September 19, 1911.

6. Шевченко С. А. Положение заключенных в дорожно-строительных «лагерях доверия» штата Вашингтон: снабжение, санитарные условия, досуг и распорядок дня (1913-1917 гг.) // Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2016. № 411.

7. House Journal of the Twelfth Legislature of the State of Washington, Begun and Held at Olympia, State Capital, 1911 / compiled by L. Grinstead. Olympia : E.L. Boardman, Public Printer, 1911.

8. Pratt J. Convict Labor in Highway Construction // Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol. 46, Prison Labor. March, 1913.

9. Bauer Ph. One Year of Honor System in Oregon // Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.Vol. 46, Prison Labor. March, 1913.

10. Wilmot S. Use of Convict Labor for Highway Construction in the North // Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York. Vol. 4, № 2. Good Roads and Convict Labor. January, 1914.

11. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. - Box № 7. - Folder: State road camp № 1 Methow, 1909-1910; Folder: State road camp № 5 Carrollton, 1909-1910; Box № 16. Folder: State road camp № 5 Carrollton, 1911; Folder: State road camp № 3 Lyle, 1911; Box № 23. Folder: State road camp № 1 Methow, 1911-1912; Folder: State road camp № 4 Blanchard, 1910-1912; Box № 27. Folder: Convict Labor, 1913; Box № 29. Folder: Honor Camp № 1 Hoodsport, 1913; Box № 30. Folder: Honor Camp № 2 Kalama, 1913; Box № 36. Folder: Convict Labor, 1914; Box № 38. Folder: Honor Camp № 1 Lilliwaup, 1914; Folder: Honor Camp № 1 Hoodsport, 1914; Folder: Honor Camp № 2 Kalama, 1914; Folder: Honor Camp № 3 Stevenson, 1914; Box № 39. Folder: Honor Camp № 3 Stevenson, 1914; Folder: Honor Camps General, 1914; Box № 48. Folder: Honor Camp № 3 Stevenson, 1915; Box № 49. Folder: Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1915; Folder: Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1916; Box № 60. Folder: Honor Camps, general 1916; Box № 65. Folder: Convict Labor, 1917.

12. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Corrections. State Penitentiary. Daily Record Employment of Convicts, 18911912. Box. № 1.

13. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Board of Control. Subject Files. Penitentiary. Box № 10. Folder : Correspondence, 1909-1910; Folder: Correspondence, 1911-1912; Folder: Correspondence, 1913-1914; Folder: Correspondence, 1909-1914; Folder: Correspondence with gov. Mead (1905-1907); Box № 11. Folder: Correspondence, 1911-1912.

14. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Albert Mead. Subject Files. Box № 10. Folder: Convict Labor, 1904-1909.

15. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Marion Hay. Subject Files. Box № 11. Folder: Board of Control. Convict labor; Box № 16. Folder: Highway commission. Highway-Quarries, 1909; Folder: Highway commission, 1909; Folder: Highway commission, 1910; Folder: Highway commission, 1911; Folder: Highway commission, 1912.

16. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Ernest Lister. Subject Files. Box № 57. Folder: Highway Commission, 1916; Folder: Highway Commission - 2, 1916; Box № 81. Folder: Penitentiary - Honor Camps, 1913-1914; Folder: Penitentiary - Honor Camps, 1915-1916; Box № 120. Folder: Penitentiary - Honor Camps, 1917-1918.

17. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Marion Hay. Subject Files. Box № 16. Highway commission, 1910.

18. Port Townsend Daily Leader. March 15, 1914.

19. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Ernest Lister. Subject Files. Box № 57. Highway commission, 1916.

20. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. Box № 49. Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1915.

21. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. Box № 49. Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1915, explosion.

Tomsk State University Journal. 2018; : 199-203

Source analysis of the Washington State archive documents related to organization of convicts' labor at road construction at the beginning of the 20th century

Shevchenko S. A.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/428/27

Abstract

The article covers source analysis of written historical documents on the problem of organization of convicts' labor at road construction in the State of Washington at the beginning of the 20th century. The article begins with general information on the prison road construction project which was developed and implemented in the state during the period from 1907 to 1917. The relevance of the article is also indicated. The academic significance of this study is determined by the absence of research on the declared problems in historiography and possibility to use some of the conclusions in the further complex study of penal policies in other American states. Description of historical documents based on general methods of source study is specified in the article. During the study documents from different State Archive record groups were researched: documents of the Highway Department, the Department of Corrections, the Board of Control and papers of Governors Albert Mead, Marion Hay and Ernest Lister. Prevalence of office documents among the sources which include normative office documents, business correspondence, corporate financial and legal documentation and prison documentation is noticed. As part of external assessment, primary data of historical sources were identified. Attribution and determination of place and time of sources creation were based on direct and indirect information. Also the condition of documents, the degree of their preservation, the quality of printing ink and copy paper were considered. Availability of marginalia and interpolations was also considered in the article. Such paleographic problems as the existence of different types of handwriting in one document and a large number of grammatical errors were indicated. Internal assessment of documents was devoted to the analysis of the completeness, reliability and representativity of information as well as the possibility of data falsification. In the conclusion, the degree of documents' preservation is highly estimated. Less than one percent of documents were extremely damaged and were not subject to recovery. The considered archival documents contain a lot of factual data on the problem of convicts' employment at road construction in the State of Washington. Most of the data in the documents are detailed, complete, authentic and exact. At the same time certain representativity issues and absence of psychological effect were identified; as a result, the authors' attitude towards the described problems is traced very poorly. Another important problem was falsification of some financial documents related to the implementation of the prison road development project in the state.
References

1. Pennybacker J. Mileage and Cost of Public Roads in the United States in 1909. Washington D.C. : Government printing office, 1912.

2. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Ernest Lister. Subject Files. Box № 81. Penitentiary, Honor camps, 1913-1914.

3. Brazier D. History of the Washington Legislature 1854-1963. Olympia : Published by Washington State Senate, 2000.

4. Shevchenko S.A. Organizatsiya truda zaklyuchennykh po «sisteme doveriya» na stroitel'stve dorog v shtate Vashington (1913-1916 gg.) // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya. 2016. № 1 (39).

5. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. Box № 27. Convict Labor, 1913. Portion of Address of Honorable John F. Shafroth, Governor of Colorado Before Good Roads Congress in Chicago, September 19, 1911.

6. Shevchenko S. A. Polozhenie zaklyuchennykh v dorozhno-stroitel'nykh «lageryakh doveriya» shtata Vashington: snabzhenie, sanitarnye usloviya, dosug i rasporyadok dnya (1913-1917 gg.) // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2016. № 411.

7. House Journal of the Twelfth Legislature of the State of Washington, Begun and Held at Olympia, State Capital, 1911 / compiled by L. Grinstead. Olympia : E.L. Boardman, Public Printer, 1911.

8. Pratt J. Convict Labor in Highway Construction // Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol. 46, Prison Labor. March, 1913.

9. Bauer Ph. One Year of Honor System in Oregon // Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.Vol. 46, Prison Labor. March, 1913.

10. Wilmot S. Use of Convict Labor for Highway Construction in the North // Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York. Vol. 4, № 2. Good Roads and Convict Labor. January, 1914.

11. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. - Box № 7. - Folder: State road camp № 1 Methow, 1909-1910; Folder: State road camp № 5 Carrollton, 1909-1910; Box № 16. Folder: State road camp № 5 Carrollton, 1911; Folder: State road camp № 3 Lyle, 1911; Box № 23. Folder: State road camp № 1 Methow, 1911-1912; Folder: State road camp № 4 Blanchard, 1910-1912; Box № 27. Folder: Convict Labor, 1913; Box № 29. Folder: Honor Camp № 1 Hoodsport, 1913; Box № 30. Folder: Honor Camp № 2 Kalama, 1913; Box № 36. Folder: Convict Labor, 1914; Box № 38. Folder: Honor Camp № 1 Lilliwaup, 1914; Folder: Honor Camp № 1 Hoodsport, 1914; Folder: Honor Camp № 2 Kalama, 1914; Folder: Honor Camp № 3 Stevenson, 1914; Box № 39. Folder: Honor Camp № 3 Stevenson, 1914; Folder: Honor Camps General, 1914; Box № 48. Folder: Honor Camp № 3 Stevenson, 1915; Box № 49. Folder: Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1915; Folder: Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1916; Box № 60. Folder: Honor Camps, general 1916; Box № 65. Folder: Convict Labor, 1917.

12. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Corrections. State Penitentiary. Daily Record Employment of Convicts, 18911912. Box. № 1.

13. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Board of Control. Subject Files. Penitentiary. Box № 10. Folder : Correspondence, 1909-1910; Folder: Correspondence, 1911-1912; Folder: Correspondence, 1913-1914; Folder: Correspondence, 1909-1914; Folder: Correspondence with gov. Mead (1905-1907); Box № 11. Folder: Correspondence, 1911-1912.

14. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Albert Mead. Subject Files. Box № 10. Folder: Convict Labor, 1904-1909.

15. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Marion Hay. Subject Files. Box № 11. Folder: Board of Control. Convict labor; Box № 16. Folder: Highway commission. Highway-Quarries, 1909; Folder: Highway commission, 1909; Folder: Highway commission, 1910; Folder: Highway commission, 1911; Folder: Highway commission, 1912.

16. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Ernest Lister. Subject Files. Box № 57. Folder: Highway Commission, 1916; Folder: Highway Commission - 2, 1916; Box № 81. Folder: Penitentiary - Honor Camps, 1913-1914; Folder: Penitentiary - Honor Camps, 1915-1916; Box № 120. Folder: Penitentiary - Honor Camps, 1917-1918.

17. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Marion Hay. Subject Files. Box № 16. Highway commission, 1910.

18. Port Townsend Daily Leader. March 15, 1914.

19. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Governor Ernest Lister. Subject Files. Box № 57. Highway commission, 1916.

20. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. Box № 49. Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1915.

21. Washington Secretary of State. State Archives. Department of Highways. Administration, Central Files. Subject Files. Box № 49. Honor Camp № 5 Waterville, 1915, explosion.

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