Развитие дорожной системы штата Вашингтон (1889-1913 гг.). Правовой аспект

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Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2018; : 211-216

Развитие дорожной системы штата Вашингтон (1889-1913 гг.). Правовой аспект

Шевченко С. А.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/426/25

Аннотация

Рассматривается процесс развития дорожной системы в штате Вашингтон в эпоху Прогрессивизма. Анализируется ряд законодательных актов, регулирующих дорожное строительство в штате. По мнению автора, определяющее влияние на изменение дорожной инфраструктуры оказала борьба между сторонниками сильной центральной власти штата и их противниками. Автор полагает, что централизация управления дорожной системой штата имела противоречивые последствия.

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Tomsk State University Journal. 2018; : 211-216

Road system development in the State of Washington (1889-1913). The legal aspect

Shevchenko S. A.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/426/25

Abstract

The article covers the road system development in the State of Washington in the Progressive Era. The article is based on the sources from the Washington State archives and a wide range of legislative acts adopted by the State Legislature during the period under review. Description of the state road system at the end of the 19th century is specified in the article. Certain typical issues of the state road system of that time are revealed: the absence of legal regulation, insufficient financing, construction of seasonal roadway designed for cartage transport, disproportionate development of roads in the western and eastern parts of the State, general technological backwardness. The article explains the necessity for the creation of a new all-season road system at the beginning of the 20th century and points out economic prerequisites for the construction of new roads in Washington. The article shows the conditional periodization of the state road system in the Progressive Era, which is divided into two stages: decentralized (1889-1904) and centralized (1905-1913). The main part of the article gives a detailed analysis of the legislative acts governing the development of the state road system. In particular, the following issues are considered: areas of legal and economic responsibility of municipal and state authorities; state tax policy and road construction financing procedure; applying and abolition of the so-called "public road service" practice and its impact on the development of roads in the State; political debates in the State Legislature in 1903 on the problem of the State Road Department establishment; road system management at the municipal and state levels, activities of the State Road Department and the State Highway Council; reasons of the Republican Administrations' road policy failure in 1907 and 1911. The article concludes that the road management system in Washington progressively developed from decentralized to centralized. In general, this process was progressive and led to the creation of the State highway system and construction of a large number of roads. However, at the same time centralization of the road construction had some negative consequences, such as expansion of political contradictions in the Washington State Legislature, economic pressure on municipal budgets by the State authorities, legal complications and the so-called "legislative leapfrog", increased corruption, unresolved problems of disproportionate development of the road system in the eastern and western parts of the State.

References