Аполлоний и Аполлинарий: «Жизнь Аполлония Тианского» в полемике язычества и христианства III-V вв.

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Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2017; : 105-112

Аполлоний и Аполлинарий: «Жизнь Аполлония Тианского» в полемике язычества и христианства III-V вв.

Коньков Д. С.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/422/15

Аннотация

Рассматривается динамика образа эллинистического философа Аполлония Тианского в текстах III-V вв. В рамках полемики между сторонниками язычества и христианства фигура Аполлония была использована как контроверза Христу благодаря приписываемым ему способностям к чудотворству. Однако, вопреки историографической концепции конфликта идеологий в поздней Античности, это был единичный случай. В последующем Аполлоний рассматривался как нейтральная или позитивная фигура, что свидетельствует о гибкости идеологических представлений в этот период.

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Tomsk State University Journal. 2017; : 105-112

Apollonius and Apollinaris: "The Life of Apollonius of Tyana" in the controversy between Christians and pagans in the 3rd-5th cc. AD

Konkov D. S.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/422/15

Abstract

The aim of the article is to identify the dynamics of the late-antique discourse about the Apollonius of Tyana figure. The seminal text about Apollonius of Tyana, "The Life of Apollonius of Tyana" by Flavius Philostratus, and references and mentions about Apollonius in the historical sources of 3rd-5th cc. are analyzed to reveal the nature of the text and intentions of the author. About 477 AD the Gallic aristocrat Sidonius Apollinaris wrote a letter to his friend Leo of Narbonne. In the letter Sidonius mentioned that he had copied, at the request of the addressee, a text entitled "The Life of Apollonius of Tyana". The attitudes to the text and to the figure of Apollonius of Tyana in historical sources marked the key points in Christianity-paganism interaction in the Later Roman period because of the analogies between the images of Apollonius and Christ that rose at the time. In each case Apollonius performed a specific role according to the particular purpose of the author of the text; that is, this character is performative. The meanings that Philostra-tus put into the character provide the possibility for a variety of interpretations, which is exactly observed in the late-antiquarian religious discourse. The dynamics of this discourse was determined by actual historical conditions in which the texts were created. Relying on Philostratus' philhellenistic paideia of the first half of the 3rd century AD, the Neoplatonists of the second half of the century used the figure of Apollonius in polemics against Christian philosophers due the situation of the escalating ideological confrontation. The great persecution of 303-313 AD in the East was followed by radicalization of the discussion, which was expressed in Eusebius of Caesarea' active criticism of "The Life of Apollonius". However, in the West there was no persecution, especially after the victory of Constantine in the struggle for power. So, there was no incentive to radicalize religious controversy. The opposition "Christianity - paganism" unfolded in a different way, as a struggle within the Italian aristocratic elite for social status and political career. The mentions of Apollonius in the texts of Jerome and Aurelius Augustine suggest the division of his image into a philosopher and a magician. The latter is represented as doubtful, unreliable, folklore and, in any case, unworthy of comparison with Christian ascetics. At the same time, Apollonius is recognized as one of the great Pythagorean philosophers. Sidonius emphasizes only one side of Apollo-nius' image: the philosopher-ascetic appearance. He considers the principles of Apollonius as absolutely positive categories, not related to religion. The meanings that were placed into the text of "The Life of Apollonius of Tyana" depended on the severity of religious opposition and the attitude of the authors to Greek philosophy in general.

References

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10. Kemezis A.M. Greek Narratives of the Roman Empire under the Severans. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Аполлоний и Аполлинарий: «Жизнь Аполлония Тианского» в полемике язычества и христианства III-V вв.

Аннотация

Apollonius and Apollinaris: "The Life of Apollonius of Tyana" in the controversy between Christians and pagans in the 3rd-5th cc. AD

Abstract

События