Журналов:     Статей:        

Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2017; : 136-140

Методология когнитивных наук в анализе исторических источников: пространство перспектив и проблемы

Филькин К. Н.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/420/19

Аннотация

Исследуются возможности применения когнитивных методологий в рамках исторической науки, в том числе при анализе исторических источников. В вопросе использования когнитивных методов при анализе исторических источников рассмотрены подходы к когнитивной истории, когнитивном религиоведении и когнитивной антропологии. Примерами методик, применимых к историческому исследованию, могут быть теории повседневных практик и теории фреймов. Отмечены недостатки применения когнитивных методов.
Список литературы

1. Serensen J. Religion in Mind: A Review Article of the Cognitive Science Of Religion // Numen. 2005. Vol. 52. P. 465-494.

2. Ketola K. The Founder of the Hare Krishnas as Seen by Devotees: A Cognitive Study of Religious Charisma. Leiden & Boston : Brill, 2008. xiii, 234 pp.

3. Гирц К. Интерпретация культур / пер. с англ. М. : РОССПЭН, 2004. 560 с.

4. Медушевская О.М. Теория и методология когнитивной истории. М. : РГГУ, 2008. 358 с.

5. Лукьянов Д.В. «Когнитивная революция» в современном историческом познании // Материалы Всероссийской научной конференции «Будущее нашего прошлого». М. : Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, 2011. С. 179-193.

6. Историческая наука и историческое сознание / под ред. Б.Г. Могильницкого. Томск : Изд-во Том. ун-та, 2000. 230 с.

7. Сыров В.Н. В каком историческом сознании мы нуждаемся: к методологии подхода и практике использования // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2013. № 1 (21). С. 183-190. URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000445117

8. Хазанов О.В. Феномен религиозного историзма: некоторые подходы к пониманию еврейской и индийской традиций. Saarbmcken, Germa ny : LAP LAMBERT, 2011. 228 с.

9. Ивонина О.И. Проблема направленности истории в христианской исторической мысли России XIX - середины XX в. : дис.. д-ра ист. наук. Томск, 2001.

10. Сабенникова И.В. О.М. Медушевская. Теория и методология когнитивной истории // Российская история. 2009. № 2. С. 177-179.

11. Медушевская О.М. Теория исторического познания: избранные произведения / сост. И. Л. Беленький. СПб. : Университетская книга, 2010. 572 с.

12. Вахштайн В.С. Теория фреймов как инструмент социологического анализа повседневного мира : автореф. дис. канд. социол. наук. М., 2007.

13. Котов А.С. Братия Тевтонского ордена в Пруссии XIV - сер. XV в.: трансформация психосоциальной идентичности в контексте специфики процессов «Перехода» : дис. канд. ист. наук. Томск, 2010.

Tomsk State University Journal. 2017; : 136-140

Methods of cognitive science in historical source criticism: perspectives and challenges

Filkin K. N.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/420/19

Abstract

The paper explores the possibilities of using cognitive methodologies in historical science, including the analysis of historical sources. Historical analysis is based on explicit public representations: texts and other historical sources. An important task of historical science is the use of the research methodology, which allows obtaining the most accurate and objective results. Often the significance of the source may not seem so unambiguous and obvious. One of the solutions is an appeal to modern cognitive methodologies, which makes it possible to analyze similar sources that are not sufficiently relevant as the classical narrative history sees them. Also, cognitive methodologies open up the possibility of obtaining fundamentally new results. This study is based on a comparative analysis of theories of cognitive history, cognitive religion and cognitive anthropology. The appeal to the last two directions within the framework of historical science may seem unusual or even superfluous. Yet they are used since they are more theoretically developed in detail and have a wide application practice. Cognitive science of religion in the issue of historical source study is relevant because of the frequent specificity of the sources: often these are texts of religious content or religious implication and meaning. Based on the notion of the formation of religious concepts and behavior, historians will be able to design their subject of research. Accurate and universal theories of religious phenomena allow historians to obtain information that is difficult to obtain by other methods. In addition, historians are given the opportunity to systematize historical facts in a new way. The methodologies of cognitive religion and anthropology have extensive experience in practical application. The paper describes examples of techniques that can be used in historical sciences: the theory of practices and the theory of frames. These theories were created within anthropological and social sciences, but are easily transposed into other cognitive domains, for example, cognitive science of religion and even cognitive history. These methods become not only the subject of historical and theoretical reconstruction, but also an important mechanism for understanding everyday interactions. The application of cognitive methodologies has a number of problems that are noted in the article. Cognitive sciences often claim to be unambiguous and verifiable, but de facto remain in the hands of researchers dependent on subjectivity: their skills, motivation, spheres of interest, etc. Nevertheless, cognitivism makes it possible to obtain results that can not be obtained as a result of the application of other methodologies. The use of cognitive methodology in historical sciences is permissible, but it has its own limitations.
References

1. Serensen J. Religion in Mind: A Review Article of the Cognitive Science Of Religion // Numen. 2005. Vol. 52. P. 465-494.

2. Ketola K. The Founder of the Hare Krishnas as Seen by Devotees: A Cognitive Study of Religious Charisma. Leiden & Boston : Brill, 2008. xiii, 234 pp.

3. Girts K. Interpretatsiya kul'tur / per. s angl. M. : ROSSPEN, 2004. 560 s.

4. Medushevskaya O.M. Teoriya i metodologiya kognitivnoi istorii. M. : RGGU, 2008. 358 s.

5. Luk'yanov D.V. «Kognitivnaya revolyutsiya» v sovremennom istoricheskom poznanii // Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii «Budushchee nashego proshlogo». M. : Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi gumanitarnyi universitet, 2011. S. 179-193.

6. Istoricheskaya nauka i istoricheskoe soznanie / pod red. B.G. Mogil'nitskogo. Tomsk : Izd-vo Tom. un-ta, 2000. 230 s.

7. Syrov V.N. V kakom istoricheskom soznanii my nuzhdaemsya: k metodologii podkhoda i praktike ispol'zovaniya // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya. 2013. № 1 (21). S. 183-190. URL: http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000445117

8. Khazanov O.V. Fenomen religioznogo istorizma: nekotorye podkhody k ponimaniyu evreiskoi i indiiskoi traditsii. Saarbmcken, Germa ny : LAP LAMBERT, 2011. 228 s.

9. Ivonina O.I. Problema napravlennosti istorii v khristianskoi istoricheskoi mysli Rossii XIX - serediny XX v. : dis.. d-ra ist. nauk. Tomsk, 2001.

10. Sabennikova I.V. O.M. Medushevskaya. Teoriya i metodologiya kognitivnoi istorii // Rossiiskaya istoriya. 2009. № 2. S. 177-179.

11. Medushevskaya O.M. Teoriya istoricheskogo poznaniya: izbrannye proizvedeniya / sost. I. L. Belen'kii. SPb. : Universitetskaya kniga, 2010. 572 s.

12. Vakhshtain V.S. Teoriya freimov kak instrument sotsiologicheskogo analiza povsednevnogo mira : avtoref. dis. kand. sotsiol. nauk. M., 2007.

13. Kotov A.S. Bratiya Tevtonskogo ordena v Prussii XIV - ser. XV v.: transformatsiya psikhosotsial'noi identichnosti v kontekste spetsifiki protsessov «Perekhoda» : dis. kand. ist. nauk. Tomsk, 2010.