Выбирая между Европейской армией и НАТО: инициативы британской дипломатии в сфере военно-политической интеграции в 1952-1954 гг.

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Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2016; : 162-167

Выбирая между Европейской армией и НАТО: инициативы британской дипломатии в сфере военно-политической интеграции в 1952-1954 гг.

Хахалкина Е. В.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/408/24

Аннотация

Показана эволюция подходов правительства У. Черчилля в отношении подписанного в 1952 г. Договора о Европейской армии. Автор анализирует британские инициативы для содействия ратификации этого договора, акцентируя внимание на развернувшихся внутри кабинета дискуссиях между премьер-министром У. Черчиллем и главой Форин-офис А. Иденом. Сделаны выводы о том, что при всем сложном отношении Лондона к наднациональной модели интеграции в целом и ее военно-политическому аспекту, британское правительство все же было заинтересовано в ратификации договора Европейского оборонительного сообщества.

Список литературы

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9. The National Archives of the United Kingdom. Cabinet papers (CAB). CAB 129-48. 29 December 1951. C. (51) 62. Association of the United Kingdom with the European Defence Community.

10. CAB 128-24. 18 February 1952. C.C. (52). 18th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

11. CAB 129-50. 28 March 1952. C. (52) 92. European Defence Community. Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

12. European Defense Community Treaty. Wash., 1952. URL: http://aei.pitt.edu/5201/1/5201.pdf

13. CAB 128-25. 4 December 1952. C.C. (52). 102nd Conclusions. European Defence Community.

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17. The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953-1955. Ed. by P. Boyle. Chapel Hill, 1990.

18. CAB 128-26. 24 February 1953. C.C. (53). 14th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

19. CAB 128-26. 26 February 1953. C.C. (53). 15th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

20. CAB 128-26. 26 March 1953. C.C. (53). 23rd Conclusions. European Defence Community.

21. Филитов А.М. Каким путем пойдет Германия? Советские планы по германскому вопросу в 1953 году // Россия XXI век. 2008. № 2. C. 158-177.

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Tomsk State University Journal. 2016; : 162-167

Between the European Army and the NATO: initiatives of British diplomacy in the sphere of military-political integration in 1952-1954

Khakhalkina E. V.

https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/408/24

Abstract

After the Second World War in the circumstances of arising confrontation between the two superpowers and the beginning of the Cold War, European countries took a course on military-political integration. One of the leaders of this process in Europe was France which, following the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), proposed to create the European Army or European Defence Community (EDC). In 1952, six countries - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg - signed the treaty establishing EDC. United Kingdom, as in the case of the ECSC, did not sign the treaty, but did not reject the possibility of partial participation in the new community. Problems with the ratification of the treaty led to debate within the UK and in other countries - especially in France - on the prospects of the British participation in the European Army. The article shows the evolution of the approaches of the British government of Winston Churchill to the European Defence Community, or European Army established in 1952. Britain was not a signatory of the treaty, but monitored closely the ongoing processes in the continent. The process of ratification of the treaty was difficult. France was concerned about US plans to integrate West Germany into NATO. This situation gave Britain, on the one hand, the opportunity to mediate and bring closer the positions of Paris and Washington on the German question, on the other hand, forced to take on additional military commitments. The author of the article analyzes the British initiatives to promote the ratification of the EDC treaty and focuses on intergovernmental discussions that accompanied the elaboration of such initiatives. The debates within the cabinet showed that the country's leadership did not discard the idea of British involvement in the European Army, even though the position of Prime Minister W. Churchill and Head of the Foreign Office A. Eden on this issue differed. Cabinet Papers allowed the author to make a conclusion that despite a comprehensive position of London on the supranational model of integration in general and its military-political aspect in particular, the British government was still interested in the ratification of the EDC treaty. Therefore, British diplomacy sought various forms of strengthening European defence and the solution of the German problem, including putting forward the idea of combining EDC and NATO and extra military guarantees on their part. In the future, these initiatives, despite the failure of the ratification of the EDC treaty in Paris, will be the basis for new projects to strengthen the role of Great Britain in European affairs and international detente.

References

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2. Harbutt F.J. The Iron Curtain: Churchill, America and the origins of the Cold War. N.Y., 1986.

3. Building Post-War Europe: National Decision-Makers and European Institutions, 1948-1963 / ed. by A. Deighton. Basingstoke, 1995.

4. European Integration and Disintegration. East and West / cd. by R. Bideleux and R. Taylor. L., N.Y., 1996.

5. Heywood S. Churchill. L., N.Y., 2003.

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9. The National Archives of the United Kingdom. Cabinet papers (CAB). CAB 129-48. 29 December 1951. C. (51) 62. Association of the United Kingdom with the European Defence Community.

10. CAB 128-24. 18 February 1952. C.C. (52). 18th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

11. CAB 129-50. 28 March 1952. C. (52) 92. European Defence Community. Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

12. European Defense Community Treaty. Wash., 1952. URL: http://aei.pitt.edu/5201/1/5201.pdf

13. CAB 128-25. 4 December 1952. C.C. (52). 102nd Conclusions. European Defence Community.

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19. CAB 128-26. 26 February 1953. C.C. (53). 15th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

20. CAB 128-26. 26 March 1953. C.C. (53). 23rd Conclusions. European Defence Community.

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23. CAB 128-27. 10 March 1954. C.C. (54). 17th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

24. CAB 128-27. 27 July 1954. C.C. (54). 54th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

25. CAB 128-27. 27 August 1954. C.C. (54). 57th Conclusions. European Defence Community.

26. CAB 128-27. 1 September 1954. C.C. (54). 58th Conclusions. European Defence.

Выбирая между Европейской армией и НАТО: инициативы британской дипломатии в сфере военно-политической интеграции в 1952-1954 гг.

Аннотация

Between the European Army and the NATO: initiatives of British diplomacy in the sphere of military-political integration in 1952-1954

Abstract

События