Геосферные исследования. 2019; : 62-73
Интегральная оценка пирогенной нагрузки по содержанию Cu, Pb, Zn и Cd в компонентах Васюганского болота (Западная Сибирь)
https://doi.org/10.17223/25421379/13/6Аннотация
В статье проведена оценка пирогенной нагрузки и экологических последствий пожара 2016 г в пределах северо-восточных отрогов Васюганского болота. В 2016–2018 гг. был организован мониторинг атмосферных выпадений в пределах постпирогенного участка и за его границей, определялось содержание Cu и Pb, Zn, Cd в торфе, растениях, в болотных и речных водах. Установлено, что в составе атмосферных выпадений на постпирогенных участках повышается количество Zn в 2 раза, Pb – в 14, Cu – в 4, Cd – до 9 раз, а территория, связанная с загрязнением Zn и Pb в результате пожара 2016 г., охватывает зону в 8 км, что согласуется с розой ветров. Исследования (Щербов и др., 2016) показали, что в верхнем слое (0–5 см) торфяной залежи отмечается значительное повышение концентраций Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb в 3– 6 раз относительно фонового участка в 100 м от границы (РГ). По оценкам (Щербов и др., 2016) зона экстремального загрязнения тяжелыми металлами ограничивается в основном зоной интенсивного выгорания поверхности, однако и за ее пределами также отмечено существенное (в 2 раза) повышение концентрации Zn, Cd, Pb, за исключением Cu, преимущественно за счет миграции элементов с болотными водами. Содержание тяжелых металлов также достоверно возрастает на постпирогенных участках в Sphagnum fuscum и Pinus sylvestris в течение вегетационного периода.
Список литературы
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Geosphere Research. 2019; : 62-73
Integral estimation of pyrogenic loads on the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the components of the Great Vasyugan Mire (Western Siberia)
https://doi.org/10.17223/25421379/13/6Abstract
The article assesses the pyrogenic load and the environmental consequences of the 2016 fire within the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan mire. To assess the pyrogenic load in 2016–2018 monitoring of atmospheric deposition of Cu and Pb, Zn, Cd within the post-pyrogenic area and beyond was organized, the content of heavy metals in mire waters, river waters, in peat and plants was determined. Analysis of the data showed that the composition of atmospheric deposition in post-pyrogenic areas significantly increases the amount of Zn is 2 times, Pb is 14 times, Cu is 4 times, Cd is up to 9 times, and the territory associated with the pollution of Zn and Pb as a result of the 2016 fire covers an area of 8 km, which is consistent with a wind rose. Studies have shown that in the upper layer (0-5 cm) peat a significant increase in the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb is observed 3–6 times relative to the background site 100 m from the boundary. The zone of extreme pollution with heavy metals is limited mainly by the zone of intense burning of the surface, however, a significant (2-fold) increase in the concentration of Zn, Cd, and Pb, with the exception of Cu, is also observed outside it, mainly due to the migration of elements with waters. The content of heavy metals also significantly increases in post-pyrogenic areas in Sphagnum fuscum and Pinus sylvestris. In bog and river waters, a significant excess of background concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb was also found to be a factor of 2–10. Noteworthy are the more often higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in the pore waters of the area of the pyrogenic load class 2 during the growing season which is characterised by partial burn up of the surface within 40-60% and an extreme increase in the content (up to 25 times relative to the background) at the end of the season in the area of the first class of pyrogenic load with complete burn up of the surface.
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9. Guoping W., Xiaofei Yu., Kunshan B., Wei X., Chuanyu G., Qianxin L., Xianguo L. Effect of fire on phosphorus forms in Sphagnum moss and peat soils of ombrotrophic bogs // Chemosphere. 2015. V. 119. P. 1329–1334. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.084·
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13. Lamentowicz M., Słowiński M., Marcisz K., Zielińska M., Kaliszan K., Lapshina E., Gilbert D., Buttler A., Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B., Jassey V.E.J., Laggoun-Defarge F., Kołaczek P. Hydrological dynamics and fire history of the last 1300 years in Western Siberia reconstructed from a high-resolution, ombrotrophic peat archive // Quaternary Research. 2015. № 84 (3). P. 312–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.yqres.2015.09.002
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17. Reheis M.S. Dust deposition in Nevada. California and Utah. 1984–2002. U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 03–138. 2003. 11 p.
18. Rosenburg H.A., Alday J.G., Harris M.P.K., Allen K.A., Connor L., Blackbird S.J., Eyre G., Marrs R.H. Changes in peat chemical properties during post-fire succession on blanket bog moorland // Geoderma. 2013. № 211–212. P. 98–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.07.012
19. Shcherbov B.L. The role of forest floor in migration of metals and artificial nuclides during forest fires in Siberia // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 2012. № 5. P. 191. DOI: 10.1134/S1995425512020114
20. Shcherbov B.L., Lazareva E.V. Migration factors of radionuclides and heavy metals during forest fires in Siberia // Advances in Environmental Research. 2010. № 4. P. 99–119.
21. Shvidenko A., Schepaschenko D. Climate Change and Wildfires in Russia // Contemporary Problems of Ecology. 2013. № 6 (7). P. 683–692. DOI: 10.1134/S199542551307010X
22. Turetsky M.R., Wieder R.K.,Vitt D.H. Boreal peatland C fluxes under varying permafrost regimes // Soil Biology Biochemistry. 2002. № 34 (7). P. 907–912. DOI: 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00022-6
