Вестник Томского государственного университета. Биология. 2020; 1: 149-165
Многолетняя динамика и современное распределение речной живородки (Viviparus viviparus) в Новосибирском водохранилище
https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/49/8Аннотация
Список литературы
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Tomsk State University Journal of Biology. 2020; 1: 149-165
Long-term dynamics and current distribution of the River snail (Viviparus viviparus) in the Novosibirsk reservoir
https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/49/8Abstract
Reservoirs often account for alien species spread in river basins. Intensive use of reservoirs for fish farming, aquaculture, recreation and navigation contributes to mass introduction of invaders. The Novosibirsk reservoir is the only large plain reservoir on the Ob River. Since the early 1960s, a total of 11 alien hydrocole species, five of which are incidental invaders, have naturalized in the Novosibirsk reservoir in spite of a relative isolation of the Ob basin and the absence of operating inter-basin channels. The most widespread invader for bottom communities of the reservoir is the river snail Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Viviparidae), the European species inhabiting all over Europe (except for its north and south). Many species from the family Viviparidae actively spread beyond their natural habitat. An operculum keeps a mollusk viable without water for long; hatching of shell-covered mollusks contributes to their survival and high fertility ensures a rapid increase in the abundance in the reservoir-recipient. Thus, all these biological features provide a successful introduction of viviparids into aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of V. viviparus in the Novosibirsk reservoir at various stages of its invasion.
The Novosibirsk reservoir (54°84’N, 82°99’E) is a lowland reservoir with a seasonal regulation filled mainly during the periods of spring flood (May-June) and the autumn-winter release. The reservoir was constructed on the Ob River in 1957; its length is about 200 km, the water area at a normal affluent level (NAL) is 1070 km2 , the average depth is 9 m and the maximum one is 25 m. Zoobenthos was studied in different seasons of 2002-2017 in three zones of the Novosibirsk reservoir, i.e. the upper (near Kamen-on-Ob, Ust-Aleus village), mid (near villages Spirino, Ordynskoye and Zavyalovo) and low (near villages Borovoye, Leninskoye and Beregovoye, the mouth of the Berd Bay and at the dam) parts. Bottom sediments from the mid zone of the reservoir were sampled using the Petersen and Ekman-Bergey dredgers (the capture area of 0.025 and 0.035 m2 , respectively), whereas in bays and in shallow waters it was done by the dredger Gr-9 (the capture area of 0.007 m2 ). In the field, the bottom sediments were washed using 0.35 mm mesh sieves. Mollusks were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol. In the laboratory, we counted the number of mollusks in each sample and weighed them with an accuracy of 0.01 g. A total of 593 samples of zoobenthos was collected and analyzed. Mollusks taxonomic identification was carried out according to Key to Freshwater Invertebrates of Russia and Adjacent Lands (2004).
In the middle part of the Novosibirsk reservoir, we detected V. viviparus for the first time in 2002. Mollusks (65 ind./m2 , biomass of 5 g/m2 ) were sampled from muddy soils nearby Ordynskoye village. In two years, they were found at sites located 35 km upstream (at Spirino village), and three years later – in 40 km downstream (Irmensky Pl’es) (See Fig. 1). The rate of mollusks spread made up approximately 15 km/year. Remarkably, the fishing fleet base was a zone of primary invasion and new findings of V. viviparus. The ways of V. viviparus invasion into the Novosibirsk reservoir are still unknown; it was highly likely made by chance under fish introduction from the reservoirs of the European part of Russia as well as due to shipping, aquarian activities and the use of foul fishing tackles. By 2010, the invaders had covered the entire channel part in the middle zone of the reservoir, and by 2013 they had been occasionally encountered throughout the low zone. The average (866.6±219.1 g/m2 ) and maximum (16000 g/m2 ) biomass of V. viviparus in the middle part of the Novosibirsk reservoir is higher than that typical of the native species habitat (See Fig. 2). The excessive maximum size of some individuals is evidence of favorable reservoir conditions. At present, V. viviparus has invaded approximately 70% (136 km) of the reservoir that is 38 km upstream and 88 km downstream from the site of its initial discovery. The species rapid spread on the vast water area can be associated with the overall use of water transport and foul fishing equipment. The dam of the Novosibirsk HPP did not become an obstacle for its mass colonization of the Yarenskaya tributary of the Ob River, i.e. 27 km below the dam, at sites of winter moorage of the river fleet and small vessels. In 2015, V. viviparus even began to impede proper operation of thermal power plants. The study suggests that V. viviparus have formed a stable, beyond its natural range, population in the Novosibirsk reservoir. Over a 15-year period, they have inhabited all zones of the reservoir, except for the upper one. First finds and current mass dwelling of these invaders occur in places of intensive use of tourist water transport and fishing activities responsible for rapid spread of mollusks in the reservoir. The analysis of the long-term data on spatial distribution of V. viviparus in the reservoir, including the peculiarities of their settlement in various areas is evidence of species probable distribution in the future in the floodplain reservoirs and tributaries of the Ob River. V. viviparus is unlikely to settle at the channel sites of the Ob River both upstream and downstream because of the mollusks absence in the upper, the most running, section of the reservoir.
The paper contains 2 Figures and 39 References.
The Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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