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Вестник Томского государственного университета. Биология. 2018; : 140-159

Структура кроны у молодых генеративных деревьев кедра сибирского (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). Пространственная организация разнообразия побегов

Горошкевич С. Н.

https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/42/7

Аннотация

Изучена структура кроны молодых генеративных деревьев кедра сибирского (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) в 70-80-летнем кедровнике на юго-востоке Томской области (южная часть южной подзоны тайги). Анализ распределения побегов по размеру показал явное преобладание мелких, некоторый дефицит очень мелких, а также острый дефицит средних и особенно крупных побегов. Ярко выраженный акропетальный градиент вегетативного роста побегов наблюдается в системах ветвления любого ранга. По направлению от вершины к периферии кроны уровень разнообразия и средний размер побегов сокращаются сначала очень резко, затем очень плавно. С увеличением размера побега сдвигаются вперед сроки начала и окончания морфогенеза и роста побегов, увеличиваются их продолжительность и интенсивность, возрастает сложность метамерной организации побега и усиливается его полярная дифференциация (акротония). Корреляционные связи между вегетативными признаками всегда являются либо прямыми, либо обратными: исключены ситуации, когда с увеличением значения одного из признаков значение другого сначала увеличивалось бы, а затем снижалось или наоборот.
Список литературы

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34. Owens J.N., Molder M. Development of long-shoot terminal buds of western white pine (Pinus monticola) // Canadian Journal of Botany. 1977. Vol. 55 (10). PP. 1308-1321.

35. Owens J.N., Colangeli A.M. Promotion of flowering in western hemlock by gibberellin A4/7 applied at different stages of bud and shoot development // Canadian Journal of Forest Researches. 1989. Vol. 19 (8). PP. 1051-1058.

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Tomsk State University Journal of Biology. 2018; : 140-159

Crown structure in Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) young generative trees. Spatial organization of shoot diversity

Goroshkevich S. N.

https://doi.org/10.17223/19988591/42/7

Abstract

In the 70-80-year-old Siberian stone pine forest in the southeast of Tomsk Region (56°15'N, 84°25'E), the crown structure of young generative Siberian pine trees (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) was studied. Five trees, average in height and DBH, were used to collect branches. The number of the first order branches was counted in each whorl. Then, eight of them, medium in size, were selected for analysis. There were branches from the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th and 40th whorls, counting from the top. On these branches, all live shoots of all branching orders were counted. For each of them, the distance from the trunk, as well as the length of the last three annual shoots, was measured. The entire range of shoot diversity was divided into 5 unequal segments: up to 5, 6-11, 12-27, 28-62, and more than 63% of the maximum shoot length for a given tree. In each segment on each tree, 5 shoots were collected. On each of them, the number of stem units, the length of the internodes, and the width of the first xylem ring was determined. It was established that in the crown there is a clear predominance of small, some deficit of very small, and an acute deficit of medium-sized and, especially, large shoots (See Fig. 1). In the direction from the top and from the periphery of the crown, the level of diversity and the average size of shoots decrease, at first, very sharply, then very gradually (See Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Table 1). Concentric domelike crown layers that differ in shoot size and are put into each other only exist if the average size of a shoot is used. As a matter of fact, only the most vigorous shoots in the peripheral part of a crown really form such a dome, which is symmetrical relative to the trunk of the tree. The smaller the size of the shoots, the more they are dispersed throughout the crown volume (See Fig. 4). However, they are located not chaotically, but are organized around the axes of lower order of branching. At the same time, the smaller the size of the shoots is, the higher the organizing value of the axes of lower orders and the more complex the configuration of the space occupied by such shoots are. All the morphological and morphophysiological features that characterize vegetative processes are determined by the size of shoots (the overall level of their growth) (See Table 1). With an increase in the shoot size, the beginning and ending of seasonal periods of morphogenesis and shoot growth move forward, their duration and intensity increase, the metameric structure of the shoot becomes more complicated, and its polar differentiation (acrotonia) increases. Correlations between any vegetative features are always either direct or inverse. The paper contains 4 Figures, 2 Tables and 54 References.
References

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2. Harper J. L. Plant demography and ecological theory // Oicos. 1980. Vol. 35. PP. 224-253.

3. Oborny B. External and internal control in plant development // Complexity. 2004. Vol. 9. PP. 22-28.

4. Sachs T. Self-organization of tree form: a model for complex social systems // Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2004. Vol. 230. PP. 197-202.

5. Damascos M.A., Prado C.H., Ronquim C.C. Bud composition, branching patterns and leaf phenology in cerrado woody species // Annals of Botany. 2005. Vol. 96. PP. 1075-1084.

6. Pearcy R.W., Muraoka H., Valladares F. Crown architecture in sun and shade environments: assessing function and tradeoffs with a 3-D simulation model // New Phytologist. 2005. Vol. 166. PP. 791-800.

7. Fourcaud T., Zhang X.-P., Stokes A., Lambers H., Korner C. Plant growth modelling and applications: the increasing importance of plant architecture in growth models // Annals of Botany. 2008. Vol. 101 (8). PP. 1053-1063.

8. Kennedy M.C. Functional-structural models optimize the placement of foliage units for multiple whole-canopy functions // Ecological Research. 2010. Vol. 25. PP. 723-732.

9. Halle F., Oldeman R.A.A. Essai sur l'architecture et la dynamique de croissance des arbres tropicaux. Paris : Masson, 1970. 178 p.

10. Halle F., Oldeman R. A. A., Tomlinson P. B. Tropical trees and forest: an architectural analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg, NY : Springer Verlag, 1978. 442 p.

11. Waller D.M. The dynamics of growth and form // Crawley, M.J., ed. Plant Ecology. Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Palo Alto, Melbourne: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986. PP. 291-320.

12. White J. Plant metamerism // R. Dirzo and J. Sarukha'n, eds. Perspectives on Plant Population Ecology. Sunderland, MA : Sinauer, 1984. PP. 176-185.

13. Room P.M., Maillette L., Hanan J.S. Module and metamer dynamics and virtual plants // Advances in Ecological Research. 1994. Vol. 25. PP. 105-157.

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24. Guedon Y., Caraglio Y., Heuret P., Lebarbier E., Meredieu U. Analyzing growth components in trees // Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2007. Vol. 248. PP. 418-447.

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31. Kozlowski T.T. Growth characteristics of forest trees // Journal of Forestry. 1963. Vol. 61 (9). PP. 655-662.

32. Franklin J.F., Ritchie G. A. Phenology of cone and shoot development of Noble fir and some associated true firs // Forest Science. 1970. Vol. 16 (3). PP. 356-364.

33. Powell G.R. Initiation and development of subterminal buds in Abies balsamea // Canadian Journal of Forest Researches. 1977. Vol. 7 (2). PP. 258-262.

34. Owens J.N., Molder M. Development of long-shoot terminal buds of western white pine (Pinus monticola) // Canadian Journal of Botany. 1977. Vol. 55 (10). PP. 1308-1321.

35. Owens J.N., Colangeli A.M. Promotion of flowering in western hemlock by gibberellin A4/7 applied at different stages of bud and shoot development // Canadian Journal of Forest Researches. 1989. Vol. 19 (8). PP. 1051-1058.

36. Goroshkevich S.N. Razlichiya v fenologii organogeneza kak faktor differentsiatsii krony kedra sibirskogo na generativnye yarusy // Fiziologiya rastenii. 1993. T. 40, № 2. S. 278-282.

37. Zumer M. Knoppsprett hos gran (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) // Meldinger fra Norges Landbrukshogskole. 1968. Bd. 47 (10). S. 14-18.

38. Milthorpe F.L., Newton P. Studies on the expansion of the ieaf surfase. 3. The influence of radiation cell division and leaf expansion // Journal of Experimental Botany. 1960. Vol. 14 (42). PP. 483- 495.

39. Sunderland M. Cell division and expansion in the growth of the leaf // Journal of Experimental Botany. 1960. Vol. 11 (31). PP. 148-158.

40. Dale J. E. Cell division in leaves // Yeoman M.M., ed. Cell division in higher plants. L. : Academic Press, 1976. PP. 315-345.

41. Schoute J. C. Beitrage zur Blattstellungslehre // I Die theorie. Recueil des Travaux Botanique Neerlandais. 1913. Bd. 10. SS. 153-339. In German

42. Wardlaw C.W. Experiments on organogenesis in ferns // Growth. 1949. Vol. 9. PE 93-131.

43. Mamaev S.A. Formy vnutrividovoi izmenchivosti drevesnykh rastenii. M. : Nauka, 1972. 283 s.

44. Wilson B. F. Tree branshes as populations of twigs // Canadian Journal of Botany. 1989. Vol. 67 (2). PP. 434-442.

45. Edelin C. Nouvelles donnees sur l'architecture des arbres sympodiaux: le concept de Plan d'organisation // L'arbre biologie et developpement. Actes du 2 Colloque international fur l'arbre Montpellier 1-15 September 1990. Montpellier, 1991. PP. 127-154. In French

46. Ward W.W. Bud distribution and branching in red oak // Botanical Gazette. 1964. Vol. 125 (3). PP. 217-220.

47. Jensen E.C. The crown structure of a single codominante Douglas-fir. Seattle: University of Washington, WA, 1976. 76 r.

48. Powell G.R. Shoot and bud development in balsam fir: implications for prunning of Christmas trees // Forest Chronicle. 1982. Vol. 58 (4). PP. 168-172.

49. Horn H.S. The adaptive geometry of trees. Princeton (N.J.) : University press, 1971. 144 p.

50. Larcher W., Okologie der Pflanzen. Stuttgart : Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 1976. 322 p. In German.

51. Cescatti A., Niinemets U. Sunlight capture. Leaf to landscape / Smith W.K., Vogelmann T.C., Chritchley C. eds. Photosynthetic Adaptation of Chloroplast to Landscape. Berlin : Springer Verlag, 2004. PP. 42-85

52. Tsel'niker Yu.L. Radiatsionnyi rezhim pod pologom lesa. M. : Nauka, 1969. 101 c.

53. Sabinin D.A. Fiziologiya razvitiya rastenii. M. : Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963. 195 s.

54. Ford E.D., Avery A., Ford R. Simulation of branch growth in the Pinaceae: interactions of morphology, phenology, foliage productivity and the requirement for structural support, on the export of carbon // Journal of Theoretical Biology. 1990. Vol. 146. PP. 15-36.