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Травматология и ортопедия России. 2020; 26: 48-61

Отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения 40 пациентов c разрывами большой грудной мышцы

Середа А. П., Сметанин С. М.

https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-1-48-61

Аннотация

Цель исследования — разработать систему оценки важных для пациентов результатов лечения с разрывами большой грудной мышцы, включающую в себя критерии исходов, соответствующих ожиданиям пациентов, и оценить отдаленные результаты. Материал и методы. В работе представлены отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения 40 последовательных пациентов с разрывами большой грудной мышцы. Результаты оценивались через 65,3±17,5 мес. после операции. Так как преимущественно разрывы большой грудной мышцы возникают у людей, занимающихся спортом на достаточно высоком уровне (37 из 40 человек в нашем исследовании), то для оценки результатов был создан новый опросник. По нашему мнению, он учитывает специфичные ожидания и важные для таких пациентов области результатов лечения, в то время как другие существующие шкалы и опросники ориентированы на оценку функций суставов у пациентов с патологией верхней конечности в бытовых условиях. Среди основных областей важных результатов мы выделили: продолжение занятий спортом, восстановление силы, ощущение боли и дискомфорта, эстетические результаты. Результаты. Все пациенты сообщили о полном отсутствии дефицита силы при бытовых нагрузках. В 33 случаях из 37 пациенты продолжили занятия спортом: на том же уровне — 18, снизили нагрузку — 6, улучшили результаты — 9. Субъективная оценка силы составила 8,21±0,96 баллов в целом у пациентов, продолжающих заниматься спортом. Исходы в группе «улучшивших результаты» (8,8±0,78) оказались лучше, чем в группе «на прежнем уровне» (8,1±0,96, p = 0,046) и в группе «снизивших нагрузку» (7,5±0,54, p = 0,0023). Отличий между «улучшившими результаты» и «снизившими нагрузку» не было (p = 0,157). Отдельно проанализированы причины динамики спортивных результатов, которая может быть обусловлена не только последствиями травмы. Полная симметрия грудных мышц была получена у 10 пациентов (25%), в том числе у 3 бодибилдеров. В остальных случаях имелась асимметрия той или иной степени, на которую пациенты могли обращать или не обращать внимание. Мы не исключаем скрытого недовольства пациента асимметрией даже в том случае, когда он сообщает о том, что она его не волнует. Заключение. Хирургическое лечение разрывов большой грудной мышцы позволяет полностью восстановить бытовые функции, хотя они практически не нарушаются и после консервативного лечения. Хирургическое лечение позволяет удовлетворить другие приоритеты пациента: возврат в спорт, максимальное восстановление силы, эстетические результаты. Созданный нами опросник не имеет итоговой балльной градации, а позволяет отразить палитру ожиданий, результатов и опасений пациентов.
Список литературы

1. Кавалерский Г.М., Середа А.П., Никифоров Д.А., Кошелев И.М., Капышев С.В. Разрывы большой грудной мышцы и её сухожилия: обзор литературы и наш опыт лечения. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2015;(2):117-131.

2. Wurm M., Imhoff A.B., Siebenlist S. Surgical r pair of acute pectoralis major muscle ruptures. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2018;30(6):390-397. doi: 10.1007/s00064-018-0557-5.

3. Neumann J.A., Klein C.M., van Eck C.F., Rahmi H., Itamura J.M. Outcomes After Dermal Allograft Reconstruction of Chronic or Subacute Pectoralis Major Tendon Ruptures. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(1):2325967117745834. doi: 10.1177/2325967117745834.

4. Hanna M., Glenny A.B., Stanley S.N., Caughey M.A. Pectoralis major tears: comparison of surgical and conservative treatment C. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35(3): 202-206. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.35.3.202.

5. Hasegawa K., Schofer J.M. Rupture of the pectoralis m jor: A case report and review. J Emerg Med. 2010;38(2): 196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.01.025.

6. He Z.M., Ao Y.F., Wang J.Q., Hu Y.L., Yin Y. Twelve cases of the pectoralis major muscle tendon rupture with surgical treatment-an average of 6.7-year follow-up. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123(1):57-60.

7. Kakwani R.G., Matthews J.J., Kumar K.M., Pimpalnerkar A., Mohtadi N. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: surgical treatment in athletes. Int Orthop. 2007;31(2):159-163. doi: 10.1007/s00264-006-0171-2.

8. Merolla G., Campi F., Paladini P., Porcellini G. Surgical approach to acute pectoralis major tendon rupture. G Chir. 2009;30(1-2):53-57.

9. Pochini Ade C., Ejnisman B., Andreoli C.V., Monteiro G.C., Silva A.C., Cohen M., Albertoni W.M. Pectoralis major muscle rupture in athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(1):92-98. doi: 10.1177/0363546509347995.

10. Roller A., Becker U., Bauer G. [Rupture of the p ralis major muscle: classification of injuries and results of operative treatment]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2006;144(3):316-321. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-933444. (In German).

11. Ryan S.A., Bernard A.W. Pectoralis major rupture. J Emerg Med. 2011;40(2):208-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.

12. Strohm P.C., Bley T.A., Sudkamp N.P., Kostler W. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle – causes, diagnosis, treatment. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2005;72(6):371-374.

13. Zvijac J.E., Schurhoff M.R., Hechtman K. Uribe J.W. Pectoralis Major Tears Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Treatment Strategies. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(2):289-294. doi: 10.1177/0363546505279573.

14. Fleury A.M., Silva A.C., Pochini A.C., Ejnisman B., Lira C.A.B., Andrade M.S. Isokinetic muscle assessment after treatment of pectoralis major muscle rupture using surgical or non-surgical procedures. Clinics. 2011;66(2):313-320.

15. Aarimaa V., Rantanen J., Heikkila J., Helttula I., Orava S. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1256-1262.

16. Cordasco F.A., Mahony G.T., Tsouris N., Degen R.M. Pectoralis major tendon tears: functional outcomes and return to sport in a consecutive series of 40 athletes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(3):458-463. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.07.018.

17. Bak K., Cameron E.A., Henderson I.J. Rupture of the pectoralis major: a meta-analysis of 112 cases. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(2):113-119. doi: 10.1007/s001670050197.

18. Salazar D., Shakir I., Joe K., Choate W.S. Acute Pectoralis Major Tears in Forward Deployed Active Duty U.S. Military Personnel: A Population at Risk? J Surg Orthop Adv. 2019;28(2):150-157.

19. Patel A.A., Donegan D., Albert T. The 36-item short form. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15:126-134.

20. Gartsman G.M., Brinker M.R., Khan M. Early e ness of arthroscopic repair for full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff: an outcome analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80:33-40.

21. Constant C.R., Murley A.H. A clinical method of f tional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;214:160-164.

22. Amstutz H.C., Sew Hoy A.L., Clarke I.C. UCLA a ic total shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;(155):7-20.

23. Hudak P., Amadio P.C., Bombardier C. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) [corrected]. The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG). Am J Ind Med. 1996;29(6):602-608. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)10970274(199606)29:6<602::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L.

24. Lippitt S., Harryman D., Matsen F. A practical tool for evaluating function: the Simple Shoulder Test. In: The shoulder: a balance of mobility and stability. Rosemont, IL: AAOS; 1993. р. 501-518.

25. Richards R.R., An K.N., Bigliani L.U., Friedman R.J., Gartsman G.M., Gristina A.G. et al. A standardized method for the assessment of shoulder function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3(6):347-352. doi: 10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80019-0.

26. Leggin B.G.., Lannotti J. Shoulder outcome m ment. In: Lannotti J.P., Williams G.R., eds. Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis and Management. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999. р. 1024-1040.

27. Kirkley A., Griffin S., McLintock H., Ng L. The d opment and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:764-772.

28. Dawson J., Fitzpatrick R., Carr A. The assessment of shoulder instability. The development and validation of a questionnaire. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(3):420-426.

29. Watson L., Story I., Dalziel R., Hoy G., Shimmin A., Woods D. A new clinical outcome measure of glenohumeral joint instability: The MISS questionnaire. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14:22-30.

30. Rowe C.R., Zarins B. Recurrent transient subluxation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63(6):863-672.

31. Kirkley A., Griffin S., McLintock H., Ng L. The d ment and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(6):764-772.

32. Hollinshead R.M., Mohtadi N.G., Vande Guchte R.A., Wadey V.M. Two 6-year follow-up studies of large and massive rotator cuff tears: comparison of outcome measures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9:373-381.

33. Naal F.D., Miozzari H.H., Kelly B.T., Magennis E.M., Leunig M., Noetzli H.P. The Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) for patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Hip Int. 2013;23(2):204-211. doi: 10.5301/hipint.5000006.

34. Tietjen R. Closed injuries of the pectoralis major muscle. J Trauma. 1980;20(3):262-264.

35. Ефименко Н.А., Грицюк А.А., Середа А.П. Антибиотикопрофилактика в травматологии и ортопедии. Инфекции в хирургии. 2008;6(2):9-14.

36. Ефименко Н.А., Зеленский А.А., Середа А.П. Антибиотикопрофилактика в хирургии. Инфекции в хирургии. 2007;5(4):14-20.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2020; 26: 48-61

Surgical Treatment of 40 Patients with Pectoralis Major Ruptures: Long-Term Outcomes

Sereda A. P., Smetanin S. M.

https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-1-48-61

Abstract

The aim of the study — to develop a system for evaluation of treatment outcomes important for patients with pectoralis major ruptures. The system should include the outcome criteria that meet the patients’ expectations, and should allow the long-term outcomes evaluation. Material and Methods. The paper presents the long-term results of surgical treatment of 40 consecutive patients with pectoralis major ruptures. The results were evaluated in 65.3±17.5 months after surgery. Since pectoralis major rupture occurs mainly in people going in for sports at a quite high level (37 out of 40 people in our study), a new questionnaire was created for the results evaluation. In our opinion, the new set of questions takes into account the specific expectations for such category of patients and covers the important for them areas of treatment results. The already existing scales and questionnaires have been focused on assessing joint functions in patients with upper limb pathology in daily living conditions. Among the main areas of important results we identified the following items: restoration of sports activities, recovery of strength, absence of pain and discomfort, aesthetic results. Results. All the patients reported a complete absence of strength deficiency during everyday living activities. In 33 cases out of 37 the patients continued to go in for sports: at the same level — 18, with reduced load — 6, with improved results — 9. A subjective strength assessment in the patients continued exercising was in total 8.21±0.96. The outcomes in the group “improved results” (8.8±0.78) were better than in the group “at the same level” (8.1±0.96, p = 0.046) and in the group “reduced load” (7, 5±0.54, p = 0.0023). There were no differences between “improved results” and “reduced load” groups (p = 0.157). The reasons for the dynamics of sports results, which could be caused not only by the consequences of injury, were analyzed separately. The complete symmetry of the pectoralis muscles was achieved in 10 patients (25%), including 3 bodybuilders. In other cases, there remained a some degree asymmetry. The patients could notice it or ignore. We do not exclude the latent dissatisfaction of the patients with asymmetry, even when they report that it does not matter to them. Conclusion. The surgical treatment of pectoralis major tendon rupture allows the compete restoration of daily living activities. Although to that matter, these activities are practically preserved after the conservative treatment as well. The significance of the surgical treatment is in its ability to bring some additional benefits satisfying the patient’s other priorities: return to sport, maximum recovery of strength, aesthetic results. Our questionnaire don’t have a final point gradation, but allows to reflect the patient’s expectations, results and fears.
References

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2. Wurm M., Imhoff A.B., Siebenlist S. Surgical r pair of acute pectoralis major muscle ruptures. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2018;30(6):390-397. doi: 10.1007/s00064-018-0557-5.

3. Neumann J.A., Klein C.M., van Eck C.F., Rahmi H., Itamura J.M. Outcomes After Dermal Allograft Reconstruction of Chronic or Subacute Pectoralis Major Tendon Ruptures. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(1):2325967117745834. doi: 10.1177/2325967117745834.

4. Hanna M., Glenny A.B., Stanley S.N., Caughey M.A. Pectoralis major tears: comparison of surgical and conservative treatment C. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35(3): 202-206. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.35.3.202.

5. Hasegawa K., Schofer J.M. Rupture of the pectoralis m jor: A case report and review. J Emerg Med. 2010;38(2): 196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.01.025.

6. He Z.M., Ao Y.F., Wang J.Q., Hu Y.L., Yin Y. Twelve cases of the pectoralis major muscle tendon rupture with surgical treatment-an average of 6.7-year follow-up. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123(1):57-60.

7. Kakwani R.G., Matthews J.J., Kumar K.M., Pimpalnerkar A., Mohtadi N. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: surgical treatment in athletes. Int Orthop. 2007;31(2):159-163. doi: 10.1007/s00264-006-0171-2.

8. Merolla G., Campi F., Paladini P., Porcellini G. Surgical approach to acute pectoralis major tendon rupture. G Chir. 2009;30(1-2):53-57.

9. Pochini Ade C., Ejnisman B., Andreoli C.V., Monteiro G.C., Silva A.C., Cohen M., Albertoni W.M. Pectoralis major muscle rupture in athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(1):92-98. doi: 10.1177/0363546509347995.

10. Roller A., Becker U., Bauer G. [Rupture of the p ralis major muscle: classification of injuries and results of operative treatment]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2006;144(3):316-321. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-933444. (In German).

11. Ryan S.A., Bernard A.W. Pectoralis major rupture. J Emerg Med. 2011;40(2):208-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.

12. Strohm P.C., Bley T.A., Sudkamp N.P., Kostler W. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle – causes, diagnosis, treatment. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2005;72(6):371-374.

13. Zvijac J.E., Schurhoff M.R., Hechtman K. Uribe J.W. Pectoralis Major Tears Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Treatment Strategies. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(2):289-294. doi: 10.1177/0363546505279573.

14. Fleury A.M., Silva A.C., Pochini A.C., Ejnisman B., Lira C.A.B., Andrade M.S. Isokinetic muscle assessment after treatment of pectoralis major muscle rupture using surgical or non-surgical procedures. Clinics. 2011;66(2):313-320.

15. Aarimaa V., Rantanen J., Heikkila J., Helttula I., Orava S. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1256-1262.

16. Cordasco F.A., Mahony G.T., Tsouris N., Degen R.M. Pectoralis major tendon tears: functional outcomes and return to sport in a consecutive series of 40 athletes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(3):458-463. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.07.018.

17. Bak K., Cameron E.A., Henderson I.J. Rupture of the pectoralis major: a meta-analysis of 112 cases. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(2):113-119. doi: 10.1007/s001670050197.

18. Salazar D., Shakir I., Joe K., Choate W.S. Acute Pectoralis Major Tears in Forward Deployed Active Duty U.S. Military Personnel: A Population at Risk? J Surg Orthop Adv. 2019;28(2):150-157.

19. Patel A.A., Donegan D., Albert T. The 36-item short form. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15:126-134.

20. Gartsman G.M., Brinker M.R., Khan M. Early e ness of arthroscopic repair for full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff: an outcome analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80:33-40.

21. Constant C.R., Murley A.H. A clinical method of f tional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;214:160-164.

22. Amstutz H.C., Sew Hoy A.L., Clarke I.C. UCLA a ic total shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;(155):7-20.

23. Hudak P., Amadio P.C., Bombardier C. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) [corrected]. The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG). Am J Ind Med. 1996;29(6):602-608. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)10970274(199606)29:6<602::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L.

24. Lippitt S., Harryman D., Matsen F. A practical tool for evaluating function: the Simple Shoulder Test. In: The shoulder: a balance of mobility and stability. Rosemont, IL: AAOS; 1993. r. 501-518.

25. Richards R.R., An K.N., Bigliani L.U., Friedman R.J., Gartsman G.M., Gristina A.G. et al. A standardized method for the assessment of shoulder function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994;3(6):347-352. doi: 10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80019-0.

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28. Dawson J., Fitzpatrick R., Carr A. The assessment of shoulder instability. The development and validation of a questionnaire. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(3):420-426.

29. Watson L., Story I., Dalziel R., Hoy G., Shimmin A., Woods D. A new clinical outcome measure of glenohumeral joint instability: The MISS questionnaire. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14:22-30.

30. Rowe C.R., Zarins B. Recurrent transient subluxation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63(6):863-672.

31. Kirkley A., Griffin S., McLintock H., Ng L. The d ment and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(6):764-772.

32. Hollinshead R.M., Mohtadi N.G., Vande Guchte R.A., Wadey V.M. Two 6-year follow-up studies of large and massive rotator cuff tears: comparison of outcome measures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9:373-381.

33. Naal F.D., Miozzari H.H., Kelly B.T., Magennis E.M., Leunig M., Noetzli H.P. The Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) for patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Hip Int. 2013;23(2):204-211. doi: 10.5301/hipint.5000006.

34. Tietjen R. Closed injuries of the pectoralis major muscle. J Trauma. 1980;20(3):262-264.

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