Травматология и ортопедия России. 2019; 25: 134-140
Диагностика болезни Гоффа методом магнитно-резонансной томографии
https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-2-134-140Аннотация
Актуальность. Диагностика изменений объема и структуры жирового тела Гоффа важна ввиду взаимосвязи его патологии с болевым синдромом в переднем отделе коленного сустава.
Цель исследования — усовершенствовать диагностику болезни Гоффа на основании детального изучения клинической анатомии инфрапателлярного жирового тела и обобщения магнитно-резонансной картины в норме и при патологических состояниях.
Материал и методы. Ретроспективно отобраны протоколы 86 магнитно-резонансных исследований коленных суставов с синдромом передней коленной боли без четко определяющегося травматического анамнеза и положительных клинических тестов, указывающих на повреждение внутри- и околосуставных элементов с выявленными структурными изменениями со стороны жирового тела. Контрольную группу составили 24 исследования асимптомных коленных суставов. Во всех случаях патология была подтверждена и корригирована при проведении лечебно-диагностической артроскопии.
Результаты. Определена магнитно-резонансная картина нормальной структуры инфрапателлярного жирового тела, а также патологические изменения в виде разрыва, локального отека, диффузного отека, синовиальной пролиферации и фиброза. В зависимости от локализации и типа изменений выделены 4 патологических синдрома: «классическая» болезнь Гоффа — 49 (57%) случаев, синдром инфрапателлярной складки — 11 (13%) случаев, синдром отрыва инфрапателлярной складки — 6 (7%) случаев и импинджмент-синдром верхнелатерального отдела жировой клетчатки — 20 (23%) случаев.
Заключение. Для идентификации патологии необходима тщательная синхронизация клинических и морфологических изменений. Точная дифференцировка синдромов достигается знанием детальных анатомических и магнитно-резонансных особенностей жирового тела в норме и патологии, что позволяет диагностировать причину развития болевого синдрома в передних отделах коленного сустава, установить верный диагноз и выбрать оптимальную лечебную тактику.
Список литературы
1. Башуров З.К. Болезнь Гоффа коленного сустава. Травматология и ортопедия России. 1995;(4):89-91.
2. Grando H., Chang E.Y., Chen K.C., Chung C.B. MR imaging of extrasynovial inflammation and impingement about the knee. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2014;22(4): 725-741. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.07.011.
3. Eymard F., Chevalier X. Inflammation of the infrapatellar fat pad. Joint Bone Spine. 2016;83(4):389-393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.02.016.
4. Rooney A., Wahba A.J., Smith T.O., Donell S.T. The surgical treatment of anterior knee pain due to infrapatellar fat pad pathology: a systematic review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015;101(4):469-475. DOI: 10.1016.
5. Mikkilineni H., Delzell P.B., Andrish J., Bullen J., Obuchowski N.A., Subhas N. et al. Ultrasound evaluation of infrapatellar fat pad impingement: an exploratory prospective study. Knee. 2018;25(2):279-285. DOI: 10.1016.
6. Nemschak G., Pretterklieber M.L. The Patellar arterial Supply via the Infrapatellar fat Pad (of Hoffa): a combined anatomical and angiographical analysis. Anat Res Int. 2012;2012:1-10. DOI: 10.1155/2012/713838.
7. Гаврилюк В.В. Ультразвуковые признаки болезни Гоффа коленного сустава. Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных и естественных наук. 2012;(2): 255-259.
8. Saddik D., McNally E.G., Richardson M. MRI of Hoffa`s fat pad. Skeletal Radiol. 2004;33(8):433–444. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-003-0724-z.
9. Гумеров А.А. Клинико-морфологические аспекты болезни Гоффа, болезнь Гоффа у детей. Здравоохранение Башкоркостана. 2006;(2):143-144.
10. Stephen J.M., Sopher R., Tullie S., Amis A.A., Ball S., Williams A. The infrapatellar fat pad is a dynamic and mobile structure, which deforms during knee motion, and has proximal extensions which wrap around the patella. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(11):3515-3524. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-4943-1.
11. Fontanella C.G., Carniel E.L., Frigo A., Macchi V., Porzionato A., Sarasin G. et al. Investigation of biomechanical response of Hoffa’s fat pad and comparative characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;67:1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.11.024.
12. Clockaerts S., Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Y.M., Runhaar J., Van Osch G.J., Van Offel J.F., Verhaar J.A. et al. The infrapatellar fat pad should be considered as an active osteoarthritic joint tissue: a narrative review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18(7):876-882. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.03.014
13. Bravo B., Argüello J.M., Gortazar A.R., Forriol F., Vaquero J. Modulation of gene expression in infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis. Cartilage. 2018;9(1):55-62. DOI: 10.1177/1947603516686144.
14. Abreu M.R., Chung C.B., Trudell D., Resnick D. Hoffa’s fat pad injuries and their relationship with anterior cruciate ligament tears: new observations based on MR imaging in patients and MR imaging and anatomic correlation in cadavers: new observations based on MR imaging in patients and MR imaging and anatomic correlation in cadavers. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(4):301–306. DOI:10.1007/s00256-007-0427-y.
15. Lapègue F., Sans N., Brun C., Bakouche S., Brucher N., Cambon Z. et al. Imaging of traumatic injury and impingement of anterior knee fat. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(7-8):789-807. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2016.02.012.
16. De Smet A.A., Davis K.W., Dahab K.S., Blankenbaker D.G., Del Rio A.M., Bernhardt D.T. Is there an association between superolateral Hoffa fat pad edema on MRI and clinical evidence of fat pad impingement? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199(5):1099-1104. DOI: 10.2214/ajR.12.8798.
17. Matcuk G.R. Jr, Cen S.Y., Keyfes V., Patel D.B., Gottsegen C.J., White E.A. Superolateral hoffa fat-pad edema and patellofemoral maltracking: predictive modeling. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203(2):W207-212. DOI:10.2214/ajR.13.11848.
18. Ozkur A., Adaletli I., Sirikci A., Kervancioglu R., Bayram M. Hoffa’s recess in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee on MR imaging. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005;27(1):61-63. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-004-0275-6.
19. Vahlensieck M., Linneborn G., Schild H., Schmidt H.M. Hoffa’s recess: incidence, morphology and differential diagnosis of the globular-shaped cleft in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee on MRI and cadaver dissections. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(1):90-93.
20. Jarraya M., Diaz L.E., Roemer F.W., Arndt W.F., Goud A.R., Guermazi A. MRI findings consistent with peripatellar fat pad impingement: how much related to patellofemoral maltracking? Magn Reson Med Sci. 2018;17(3):195-202. DOI:10.2463/mrms.rev.2017-0063.
21. Lapègue F., Sans N., Brun C., Bakouche S., Brucher N., Cambon Z. et al. Imaging of traumatic injury and impingement of anterior knee fat. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(7-8):789-807. DOI:10.1016/j.diii.2016.02.012.
22. Larbi A., Cyteval C., Hamoui M., Dallaudiere B., Zarqane H., Viala P. et al. Hoffa’s disease: a report on 5 cases. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2014;95(11):1079-1084. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.06.009.
23. Campagna R., Pessis E., Biau D.J., Guerini H., Feydy A., Thevenin F.S. et al. Is superolateral Hoffa fat Pad edema a consequence of impingement between lateral femoral condyle and Patellar ligament? Radiology. 2012;263(2):469-474. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12111066.
24. Jibri Z., Martin D., Mansour R., Kamath S. The association of infrapatellar fat pad oedema with patellar maltracking: a case-control study. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41(8):425-431. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-011-1299-8.
25. Subhawong T.K., Eng J., Carrino J.A., Chhabra A. Hoffa’s fat pad edema: association with patellofemoral maltracking. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(6): 1367-1373. DOI: 10.2214/ajR.10.4668.
26. Widjajahakim R., Roux M., Jarraya M., Roemer F.W., Neogi T., Lynch J.A. et al. Relationship of trochlear morphology and patellofemoral joint alignment to superolateral hoffa fat pad edema on mr images in individuals with or at risk for osteoarthritis of the knee: the MoST study. Radiology. 2017;284(3):806-814. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162342.
27. Jarraya M., Guermazi A., Felson D.T., Roemer F.W., Nevitt M.C., Torner J. et al. Is superolateral Hoffa’s fat pad hyperintensity a marker of local patellofemoral joint disease? - The MoST study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017;25(9):1459-1467. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.05.020.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2019; 25: 134-140
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hoffa’s Fat Pad
https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-2-134-140Abstract
Background. Pathological changes in the size and structure of Hoffa’s fat pad can cause pain in the anterior section of the knee joint. Therefore, they should be diagnosed. The objective of the paper is to improve the diagnostics of Hoffa’s fat pad disease on the basis of a detailed study of the clinical anatomy of the infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) fat pad and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in normal and pathological conditions.
Materials and Methods. Protocols of 86 MRI examinations of knee joints with anterior knee pain syndrome and no clearly defined traumatic history nor positive clinical tests indicating damage to the intra-articular and periarticular elements with identified structural changes in the fat pad were selected retrospectively. The control group consisted of data from 24 examinations of asymptomatic knee joints. In all cases, the pathology was confirmed during diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy.
Results. The MRI findings showed the normal structure of the infrapatellar fat pad, as well as pathological changes in the form of tearing, local edema, diffuse edema, synovial proliferation and fibrosis. Depending on the location and type of changes, 4 pathological syndromes were identified: “classic” Hoffa’s disease — 49 (57%) cases, infrapatellar synovial fold syndrome — 11 (13%), infrapatellar synovial fold separation syndrome — 6 (7%), and impingent syndrome of upper lateral adipose tissue — 20 (23%) cases.
Conclusions. To identify a pathology, a precise synchronization of clinical and morphological changes is required. Accurate differentiation of syndromes is possible due to knowledge of the detailed anatomical and magnetic-resonance features of the fat pad in normal and pathological conditions. This allows to diagnose the cause of pain in the anterior sections of the knee joint, specify the diagnosis, and choose the optimal plan of treatment.
References
1. Bashurov Z.K. Bolezn' Goffa kolennogo sustava. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii. 1995;(4):89-91.
2. Grando H., Chang E.Y., Chen K.C., Chung C.B. MR imaging of extrasynovial inflammation and impingement about the knee. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2014;22(4): 725-741. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.07.011.
3. Eymard F., Chevalier X. Inflammation of the infrapatellar fat pad. Joint Bone Spine. 2016;83(4):389-393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.02.016.
4. Rooney A., Wahba A.J., Smith T.O., Donell S.T. The surgical treatment of anterior knee pain due to infrapatellar fat pad pathology: a systematic review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015;101(4):469-475. DOI: 10.1016.
5. Mikkilineni H., Delzell P.B., Andrish J., Bullen J., Obuchowski N.A., Subhas N. et al. Ultrasound evaluation of infrapatellar fat pad impingement: an exploratory prospective study. Knee. 2018;25(2):279-285. DOI: 10.1016.
6. Nemschak G., Pretterklieber M.L. The Patellar arterial Supply via the Infrapatellar fat Pad (of Hoffa): a combined anatomical and angiographical analysis. Anat Res Int. 2012;2012:1-10. DOI: 10.1155/2012/713838.
7. Gavrilyuk V.V. Ul'trazvukovye priznaki bolezni Goffa kolennogo sustava. Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk. 2012;(2): 255-259.
8. Saddik D., McNally E.G., Richardson M. MRI of Hoffa`s fat pad. Skeletal Radiol. 2004;33(8):433–444. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-003-0724-z.
9. Gumerov A.A. Kliniko-morfologicheskie aspekty bolezni Goffa, bolezn' Goffa u detei. Zdravookhranenie Bashkorkostana. 2006;(2):143-144.
10. Stephen J.M., Sopher R., Tullie S., Amis A.A., Ball S., Williams A. The infrapatellar fat pad is a dynamic and mobile structure, which deforms during knee motion, and has proximal extensions which wrap around the patella. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(11):3515-3524. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-4943-1.
11. Fontanella C.G., Carniel E.L., Frigo A., Macchi V., Porzionato A., Sarasin G. et al. Investigation of biomechanical response of Hoffa’s fat pad and comparative characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;67:1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.11.024.
12. Clockaerts S., Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Y.M., Runhaar J., Van Osch G.J., Van Offel J.F., Verhaar J.A. et al. The infrapatellar fat pad should be considered as an active osteoarthritic joint tissue: a narrative review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18(7):876-882. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.03.014
13. Bravo B., Argüello J.M., Gortazar A.R., Forriol F., Vaquero J. Modulation of gene expression in infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis. Cartilage. 2018;9(1):55-62. DOI: 10.1177/1947603516686144.
14. Abreu M.R., Chung C.B., Trudell D., Resnick D. Hoffa’s fat pad injuries and their relationship with anterior cruciate ligament tears: new observations based on MR imaging in patients and MR imaging and anatomic correlation in cadavers: new observations based on MR imaging in patients and MR imaging and anatomic correlation in cadavers. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(4):301–306. DOI:10.1007/s00256-007-0427-y.
15. Lapègue F., Sans N., Brun C., Bakouche S., Brucher N., Cambon Z. et al. Imaging of traumatic injury and impingement of anterior knee fat. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(7-8):789-807. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2016.02.012.
16. De Smet A.A., Davis K.W., Dahab K.S., Blankenbaker D.G., Del Rio A.M., Bernhardt D.T. Is there an association between superolateral Hoffa fat pad edema on MRI and clinical evidence of fat pad impingement? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199(5):1099-1104. DOI: 10.2214/ajR.12.8798.
17. Matcuk G.R. Jr, Cen S.Y., Keyfes V., Patel D.B., Gottsegen C.J., White E.A. Superolateral hoffa fat-pad edema and patellofemoral maltracking: predictive modeling. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203(2):W207-212. DOI:10.2214/ajR.13.11848.
18. Ozkur A., Adaletli I., Sirikci A., Kervancioglu R., Bayram M. Hoffa’s recess in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee on MR imaging. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005;27(1):61-63. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-004-0275-6.
19. Vahlensieck M., Linneborn G., Schild H., Schmidt H.M. Hoffa’s recess: incidence, morphology and differential diagnosis of the globular-shaped cleft in the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee on MRI and cadaver dissections. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(1):90-93.
20. Jarraya M., Diaz L.E., Roemer F.W., Arndt W.F., Goud A.R., Guermazi A. MRI findings consistent with peripatellar fat pad impingement: how much related to patellofemoral maltracking? Magn Reson Med Sci. 2018;17(3):195-202. DOI:10.2463/mrms.rev.2017-0063.
21. Lapègue F., Sans N., Brun C., Bakouche S., Brucher N., Cambon Z. et al. Imaging of traumatic injury and impingement of anterior knee fat. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(7-8):789-807. DOI:10.1016/j.diii.2016.02.012.
22. Larbi A., Cyteval C., Hamoui M., Dallaudiere B., Zarqane H., Viala P. et al. Hoffa’s disease: a report on 5 cases. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2014;95(11):1079-1084. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.06.009.
23. Campagna R., Pessis E., Biau D.J., Guerini H., Feydy A., Thevenin F.S. et al. Is superolateral Hoffa fat Pad edema a consequence of impingement between lateral femoral condyle and Patellar ligament? Radiology. 2012;263(2):469-474. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12111066.
24. Jibri Z., Martin D., Mansour R., Kamath S. The association of infrapatellar fat pad oedema with patellar maltracking: a case-control study. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41(8):425-431. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-011-1299-8.
25. Subhawong T.K., Eng J., Carrino J.A., Chhabra A. Hoffa’s fat pad edema: association with patellofemoral maltracking. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(6): 1367-1373. DOI: 10.2214/ajR.10.4668.
26. Widjajahakim R., Roux M., Jarraya M., Roemer F.W., Neogi T., Lynch J.A. et al. Relationship of trochlear morphology and patellofemoral joint alignment to superolateral hoffa fat pad edema on mr images in individuals with or at risk for osteoarthritis of the knee: the MoST study. Radiology. 2017;284(3):806-814. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162342.
27. Jarraya M., Guermazi A., Felson D.T., Roemer F.W., Nevitt M.C., Torner J. et al. Is superolateral Hoffa’s fat pad hyperintensity a marker of local patellofemoral joint disease? - The MoST study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017;25(9):1459-1467. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.05.020.
