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Акушерство и Гинекология Санкт-Петербурга. 2020; : 18-21

Лечение инфекции COVID-19 у беременных

Цибизова В. И., Аверкин И. И., Седогина Н. И.

Аннотация

Проблема распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции стоит на первом месте в настоящее время. SARS-CoV-2 инфицирует хозяина на уровне эпителиальных клеток через ангиотензинпревращающий фермент (AПФ), мембранный аминопептид, который действует как его рецептор. Эта патология также затрагивает беременных женщин, на различном сроке гестации. У женщин во время беременности ослабевает клеточно-опосредованный иммунитет, возрастает восприимчивость матери к внутриклеточным патогенам, в данном случае, к вирусам. В связи с этим у беременных особенно остро стоит вопрос определения патогенетической терапии COVID-19 без нанесения вреда плоду и возможности грудного вскармливания.
В ходе масштабных исследований в регионах, инфицированных COVID-19, были предложены протоколы лечения для беременных женщин, заболевших коронавирусной инфекцией, включающие гидроксихлорохин HCQ (200 мг x 2 в день) в течение 7 дней с азитромицином (500 мг x 5 дней). После лечения необходимо проведение анализа для определения концентрации HCQ в образцах грудного молока для подтверждения RID менее 10% для обеспечения безопасности грудного вскармливания.
Крайне важным является своевременная адекватная диагностика в группе беременных женщин, где симптоматическая и клиническая картина может быть смазана гестационным ринитом и/или симптомами легкой степени гестоза. Проводить адекватный лабораторный мониторинг и использовать препараты, обладающие патогенетически оправданным терапевтическим действием, без риска для внутриутробного развития и последующего грудного вскармливания.
Список литературы

1. Fan C., Lei D., Fang C., Li C., Wang M., Liu Y. et al. Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? Clinical infectious diseases. 2020.

2. Chen L.H., Zeind C., Mackell S., LaPointe T., Mutsch M., Wilson M.E. Breastfeeding travelers: precautions and recommendations. Journal of travel medicine. 2010; 17 (1): 32–47.

3. Horn A. Maternal medication and breastfeeding: Current recommendations. South African Family Practice. 2005; 47 (9): 42–7.

4. Dashraath P., Jeslyn W.J.L., Karen L.M.X., Min L.L., Sarah L., Biswas A. et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2020.

5. Liu H., Wang L-L., Zhao S-J., Kwak-Kim J., Mor G., Liao A-H. Why are pregnant women susceptible to viral infection: an immunological viewpoint? Journal of reproductive immunology. 2020: 103122.

6. Yan J., Guo J., Fan C., Juan J., Yu X., Li J. et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2020.

7. Li N., Han L., Peng M., Lv Y., Ouyang Y., Liu K. et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study. Clinical infectious diseases. 2020.

8. Chen H., Guo J., Wang C., Luo F., Yu X., Zhang W. et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020; 395 (10226): 809–15.

9. Gautret P., Lagier J-C., Parola P., Hoang V.T., Meddeb L., Mailhe M. et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020.

10. Gautret P., Lagier J-C., Parola P., Meddeb L., Mailhe M., Doudier B. et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020: 105949.

11. LaCourse S.M., John-Stewart G., Adams Waldorf K.M. Importance of inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in COVID-19 therapeutic trials. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020.

12. Zhou D., Dai S-M., Tong Q. COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2020.

13. Sperber K., Hom C., Chao C.P., Shapiro D., Ash J. Systematic review of hydroxychloroquine use in pregnant patients with autoimmune diseases. Pediatric Rheumatology. 2009; 7 (1): 1–9.

14. Kaplan Y.C., Ozsarfati J., Nickel C., Koren G. Reproductive outcomes following hydroxychloroquine use for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016; 81 (5): 835–48.

15. Kaplan Y.C., Koren G. Use of hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy and breastfeeding: An update for the recent coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Motherisk Int J. 2020; 1: 9.

16. Shah S., Das S., Jain A., Misra D.P., Negi V.S. A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2020; 23 (5): 613–9.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Saint-Petersburg. 2020; : 18-21

Treatment of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women

Tsibizova V. I., Averkin I. I., Sedogina N. I.

Abstract

The problem of the spread of new coronavirus infection is in the first issue at present. SARS-CoV-2 infects the host at the epithelial cell level through the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a membrane aminopeptide that acts as its receptor. This pathology also affects pregnant women at different gestational age. Pregnant women showed a weak of cell-mediated immunity, which determines the greater susceptibility of the mother to intracellular pathogens, in this case, to viruses.
Moreover, the especially acute question is the pathogenetic therapy of COVID-19 without harmful effect to the fetus, and the possibility of breastfeeding. In the extensive studies of regions infected with COVID-19, treatment protocols for pregnant women with coronavirus infection, included hydroxychloroquine HCQ (200 mg x 2 per day) for seven days, with azithromycin (500 mg x 5 days). After treatment, an analysis is necessary to determine the concentration of HCQ in breast milk samples to confirm a RID of less than 10% to ensure the safety of breastfeeding.
It is crucial to timely adequate diagnosis in the group of pregnant women, where the symptomatic and clinical picture can be covert with gestational rhinitis or light symptoms of preeclampsia. Conduct adequate laboratory monitoring and use drugs that have a pathogenetically justified therapeutic effect, without risk for intrauterine development and subsequent breastfeeding.
References

1. Fan C., Lei D., Fang C., Li C., Wang M., Liu Y. et al. Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? Clinical infectious diseases. 2020.

2. Chen L.H., Zeind C., Mackell S., LaPointe T., Mutsch M., Wilson M.E. Breastfeeding travelers: precautions and recommendations. Journal of travel medicine. 2010; 17 (1): 32–47.

3. Horn A. Maternal medication and breastfeeding: Current recommendations. South African Family Practice. 2005; 47 (9): 42–7.

4. Dashraath P., Jeslyn W.J.L., Karen L.M.X., Min L.L., Sarah L., Biswas A. et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2020.

5. Liu H., Wang L-L., Zhao S-J., Kwak-Kim J., Mor G., Liao A-H. Why are pregnant women susceptible to viral infection: an immunological viewpoint? Journal of reproductive immunology. 2020: 103122.

6. Yan J., Guo J., Fan C., Juan J., Yu X., Li J. et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2020.

7. Li N., Han L., Peng M., Lv Y., Ouyang Y., Liu K. et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study. Clinical infectious diseases. 2020.

8. Chen H., Guo J., Wang C., Luo F., Yu X., Zhang W. et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020; 395 (10226): 809–15.

9. Gautret P., Lagier J-C., Parola P., Hoang V.T., Meddeb L., Mailhe M. et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020.

10. Gautret P., Lagier J-C., Parola P., Meddeb L., Mailhe M., Doudier B. et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020: 105949.

11. LaCourse S.M., John-Stewart G., Adams Waldorf K.M. Importance of inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in COVID-19 therapeutic trials. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020.

12. Zhou D., Dai S-M., Tong Q. COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2020.

13. Sperber K., Hom C., Chao C.P., Shapiro D., Ash J. Systematic review of hydroxychloroquine use in pregnant patients with autoimmune diseases. Pediatric Rheumatology. 2009; 7 (1): 1–9.

14. Kaplan Y.C., Ozsarfati J., Nickel C., Koren G. Reproductive outcomes following hydroxychloroquine use for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016; 81 (5): 835–48.

15. Kaplan Y.C., Koren G. Use of hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy and breastfeeding: An update for the recent coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Motherisk Int J. 2020; 1: 9.

16. Shah S., Das S., Jain A., Misra D.P., Negi V.S. A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2020; 23 (5): 613–9.