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Русский журнал детской неврологии. 2017; 12: 43-51

Электроэнцефалографические изменения и прогноз развития эпилепсии при синдроме обратимой задней лейкоэнцефалопатии (СОЗЛ): обзор литературы

Бобылова М. Ю., Захарова А. Ю., Хомякова С. П.

https://doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2017-12-2-43-51

Аннотация

Синдром обратимой задней лейкоэнцефалопатии (СОЗЛ) – острое и обычно полностью обратимое состояние, характеризующееся быстрым началом, судорожным синдромом, нарушением сознания, головной болью, нарушением зрения, тошнотой или рвотой, транзиторным появлением очаговых неврологических симптомов, повышением артериального давления. У пациентов с СОЗЛ магнитно-резонансная томография выявляет изменения в белом веществе головного мозга, преимущественно затылочно-височно-теменных областей. Предрасполагающими факторами к развитию СОЗЛ служат подъем артериального давления или тяжелые метаболические нарушения. У большинства пациентов в остром периоде СОЗЛ наблюдаются генерализованные тонико-клонические или фокальные приступы и эпилептиформная активность на электроэнцефалограмме, однако эпилепсия после перенесенного эпизода не формируется.
Список литературы

1. Добрынина Л.А., Калашникова Л.А., Бакулин И.С. и др. Синдром задней обратимой энцефалопатии при гипокальциемии: описание наблюдения и анализ патогенетической значимости электролитных нарушений. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2016;116(7):70–7. [Dobrynina L.A., Kalashnikova L.A., Bakulin I.S. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with hypocalcemia: a case report and the analysis of electrolyte imbalance significance. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2016;116(7):70–7. (In Russ.)].

2. Пизова Н.В. Синдромобратимой задней лейкоэнцефалопатии при системной красной волчанке. Неврологический журнал 2014;19(6):44–9. [Pizova N.V. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal = Neurological Journal 2014;19(6):44–9. (In Russ.)].

3. СкворцоваВ.И., ГубскийЛ.В., МельниковаЕ.А. Синдромзадней обратимой энцефалопатии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2010;110(5):104–9. [Skvortsova V.I., Gubskiy L.V., Melnikova E.A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2010;110(5):104–9. (In Russ.)].

4. Bartynski W.S., Boardman J.F. Distinct imaging patterns and lesion distribution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28(7):1320–7. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0549.

5. Bartynski W.S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29(6):1036–42. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0928.

6. Bartynski W.S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29(6):1043–9. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0929.

7. Burnett M.M., Hess C.P., Roberts J.P. et al. Presentation of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in patients on calcineurin inhibitors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010;112(10):886–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.07.023.

8. Casey S.O., Sampaio R.C., Michel E. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: utility of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in the detection of cortical and subcortical lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21(7):1199–1206. PMID: 10954269.

9. Cherian A., Soumya C.V., Iype T. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with PLEDs-plus due to mesalamine. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2014;5(1):72–5. DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.127882.

10. Child N., Britton J. Early electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Neurology 2016;86(16):6.346.

11. Chou M.C., Lai P.H., Yeh L.R. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in 12 cases. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2004;20(8):381–8. DOI: 10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70174-3.

12. 1Covarrubias D.J., Luetmer P.H., Campeau N.G. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23(6):1038–48. PMID: 12063238.

13. Datar S., Singh T., Rabinstein A.A. et al. Longterm risk of seizures and epilepsy in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Epilepsia 2015;56(4):564–8. DOI: 10.1111/epi.12933.

14. Grioni D., Rovelli A., Pavan F., Prunotto G. The diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Lancet Neurol 2015;14(11):1073–74. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00254-9.

15. Hinchey J., Chaves C., Appignani B. et al. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med;334(8):494–500. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199602223340803.

16. Kastrup O., Gerwig M., Frings M., Diener H.C. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): electroencephalographic findings and seizure patterns. J Neurol 2012;259(7):1383–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6362-9.

17. Kozak O.S., Wijdicks E.F., Manno E.M. et al. Status epilepticus as initial manifestation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Neurology 2007;69(9):894–7. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000269780.45472.16.

18. Lee V.H., Wijdicks E.F., Manno E.M., Rabinstein A.A. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Arch Neurol 2008;65(2):205–10. DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2007.46.

19. McKinney A.M., Short J., Truwit C.L. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189(4):904–12. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.2024.

20. Meierkord H., Boon P., Engelsen B. et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(3):348–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x.

21. Muro V.L., Yip S., Huh L., Connolly M.B. Status epilepticus amauroticus and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children. J Clin Neurophysiol 2013;30(4):344–7. DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e31829de004.

22. Natsume J., Sofue A., Yamada A., Kato K. Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in posterior reversible encephalopathy associated with immunosuppressants. J Child Neurol 2006;21(7):620–3. DOI: 10.1177/08830738060210071201.

23. Mittal S.H., Shi vanand Pai, Rakshith K.C. et al. PRES and PLEDs: an uncommon association. EC Neurology 2015;2.2:83–6.

24. Schwartz R.B., Bravo S.M., Klufas R.A. et al. Cyclosporine neurotoxicity and its relationship to hypertensive encephalopathy: CT and MR findings in 16 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165(3):627–31. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.165.3.7645483.

25. Sha Z., Moran B.P., McKinney A.M. 4th, Henry T.R. Seizure outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and correlations with electroencephalographic changes. Epilepsy Behav 2015;48:70–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.027.

26. Skiba V., Etienne M., Miller J.A. Development of chronic epilepsy after recurrent episodes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Seizure 2011;20(1):93–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.10.005.

Russian Journal of Child Neurology. 2017; 12: 43-51

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND PROGNOSIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPILEPSY IN PATIENTS WITH POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES): LITERATURE REVIEW

Bobylova M. Yu., Zakharova A. Yu., Khomyakova S. P.

https://doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2017-12-2-43-51

Abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute and usually reversible condition characterized by a rapid onset, convulsive syndrome, impaired consciousness, headache, visual impairment, nausea or vomiting, transient focal neurological signs, and arterial hypertension. Patients with PRES have changes in the white matter of the brain detected using magnetic resonance imaging; these changes are predominantly located in the occipital-temporal-parietal area. Increased blood pressure and severe metabolic disorders are the risk factors for PRES. Most of the patients have generalized tonic-clonic or focal seizures and epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram during the acute period of PRES, but they do not develop epilepsy after this episode.
References

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2. Pizova N.V. Sindromobratimoi zadnei leikoentsefalopatii pri sistemnoi krasnoi volchanke. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal 2014;19(6):44–9. [Pizova N.V. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal = Neurological Journal 2014;19(6):44–9. (In Russ.)].

3. SkvortsovaV.I., GubskiiL.V., Mel'nikovaE.A. Sindromzadnei obratimoi entsefalopatii. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 2010;110(5):104–9. [Skvortsova V.I., Gubskiy L.V., Melnikova E.A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2010;110(5):104–9. (In Russ.)].

4. Bartynski W.S., Boardman J.F. Distinct imaging patterns and lesion distribution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28(7):1320–7. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0549.

5. Bartynski W.S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29(6):1036–42. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0928.

6. Bartynski W.S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29(6):1043–9. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0929.

7. Burnett M.M., Hess C.P., Roberts J.P. et al. Presentation of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in patients on calcineurin inhibitors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010;112(10):886–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.07.023.

8. Casey S.O., Sampaio R.C., Michel E. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: utility of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in the detection of cortical and subcortical lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21(7):1199–1206. PMID: 10954269.

9. Cherian A., Soumya C.V., Iype T. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with PLEDs-plus due to mesalamine. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2014;5(1):72–5. DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.127882.

10. Child N., Britton J. Early electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Neurology 2016;86(16):6.346.

11. Chou M.C., Lai P.H., Yeh L.R. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in 12 cases. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2004;20(8):381–8. DOI: 10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70174-3.

12. 1Covarrubias D.J., Luetmer P.H., Campeau N.G. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23(6):1038–48. PMID: 12063238.

13. Datar S., Singh T., Rabinstein A.A. et al. Longterm risk of seizures and epilepsy in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Epilepsia 2015;56(4):564–8. DOI: 10.1111/epi.12933.

14. Grioni D., Rovelli A., Pavan F., Prunotto G. The diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Lancet Neurol 2015;14(11):1073–74. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00254-9.

15. Hinchey J., Chaves C., Appignani B. et al. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med;334(8):494–500. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199602223340803.

16. Kastrup O., Gerwig M., Frings M., Diener H.C. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): electroencephalographic findings and seizure patterns. J Neurol 2012;259(7):1383–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6362-9.

17. Kozak O.S., Wijdicks E.F., Manno E.M. et al. Status epilepticus as initial manifestation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Neurology 2007;69(9):894–7. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000269780.45472.16.

18. Lee V.H., Wijdicks E.F., Manno E.M., Rabinstein A.A. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Arch Neurol 2008;65(2):205–10. DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2007.46.

19. McKinney A.M., Short J., Truwit C.L. et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189(4):904–12. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.2024.

20. Meierkord H., Boon P., Engelsen B. et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(3):348–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x.

21. Muro V.L., Yip S., Huh L., Connolly M.B. Status epilepticus amauroticus and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children. J Clin Neurophysiol 2013;30(4):344–7. DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e31829de004.

22. Natsume J., Sofue A., Yamada A., Kato K. Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in posterior reversible encephalopathy associated with immunosuppressants. J Child Neurol 2006;21(7):620–3. DOI: 10.1177/08830738060210071201.

23. Mittal S.H., Shi vanand Pai, Rakshith K.C. et al. PRES and PLEDs: an uncommon association. EC Neurology 2015;2.2:83–6.

24. Schwartz R.B., Bravo S.M., Klufas R.A. et al. Cyclosporine neurotoxicity and its relationship to hypertensive encephalopathy: CT and MR findings in 16 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165(3):627–31. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.165.3.7645483.

25. Sha Z., Moran B.P., McKinney A.M. 4th, Henry T.R. Seizure outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and correlations with electroencephalographic changes. Epilepsy Behav 2015;48:70–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.027.

26. Skiba V., Etienne M., Miller J.A. Development of chronic epilepsy after recurrent episodes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Seizure 2011;20(1):93–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.10.005.