Рецепт. 2021; 24: 858-864
Транзиторная ишемическая атака как предиктор ишемического инсульта
https://doi.org/10.34883/PI.2021.24.6.009Аннотация
Статья посвящена транзиторной ишемической атаке как предиктору ишемического инсульта и его фактору риска, значительно увеличивающему вероятность его развития, а также являющейся биомаркером неблагоприятного течения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.
Рассмотрены причины, классификация, клинические проявления, вопросы диагностики и основные направления профилактической терапии. Показана значимость подходов ранней диагностики, уточнения причин и механизмов декомпенсации мозгового кровообращения, что определяет обоснованное, целенаправленное лечение транзиторной ишемической атаки как важнейшее направление профилактики инсультов.
Список литературы
1. Gorelick P. (2019) The global burden of stroke: persistent and disabling. The Lancet Neurology, vol. 18, no 5, pp. 417–8.
2. Tsalta-Mladenov M., Georgieva D., Andonova S. (2020) Measuring Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors. Russian Neurological Journal, no 25 (3), pp. 11–16. DOI: 10.30629/2658- 7947-2020-25-3-11-16.
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14. Nguyen-Huynh M.N., Johnston S.C. (2007) Evaluation and management of transient ischemic attack: an important component of stroke prevention. Nature Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med., vol. 4 (6), pp. 310–318.
15. Piradov M. (2021) Neurologist’s tactics: practical guide. Moscow: GOETAR-Media, 208 p.
16. Johnston S.C. (2005) Transient ischemic attacks are emergencies. Stroke, vol. 36, pp. 720–724.
17. Lavallée P., Amarenco P. (2014) Stroke subtypes and interventional studies for transient ischemic attack. Front Neurol Neurosci. Basel, Karger, 33, pp. 135–146. DOI: 10.1159/000351914.
18. Parfenov V. (2009) Transient ischemic attacks. Aterotrombosis, no 1 (2), pp. 77–85.
19. Dyken M., Conneally M., Haerer A. (1977) Cooperative study of hospital frequency and character of transient ischemic attacks. JAMA, vol. 237, pp. 882–886.
20. Eliasziw M., Kennedy J., Hill M.D. (2004) North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group. Early risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack in patients with internal carotid artery disease. CMAJ, vol. 170 (7), pp. 1105–1109.
21. Marler J.R., Tilley B.C., Lu M. (2000) Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology, vol. 55, pp. 1649–1655.
22. Johnston S.C., Rothwell P.M., Nguyen-Huynh M.N. (2007) Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Lancet, vol. 369, pp. 283–92.
23. Shah K.H., Edlow J.A. (2004) Transient ischemic attack: review for the emergency physician. Ann. Emerg. Med., vol. 43, pp. 592–604.
24. Wiebers D., Feigin V., Brown R. (2005) Stroke. Clinical guide. M.: «Publishing house BINOM», 608 p.
25. Stakhovskaya L. (2017) Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. M.: Medpress-inform, Russia, 208 p.
26. Mok V., Kim J. (2015) Prevention and management of cerebral small vessel disease. J Stroke, 17 (2), pp. 111–122. DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.111.
27. Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T. (2018) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, no 49 (3), pp. 46–110. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000158.
28. Fonyakin A., Geraskina L., Maksimova M. (2021) Antiplatelet therapy in stroke prevention after non-cardioembolic transient ischemic attack. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics, 13 (5), pp. 14–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-14-19
Recipe. 2021; 24: 858-864
Transient Ischemic Attack as a Predictor Ischemic Stroke
https://doi.org/10.34883/PI.2021.24.6.009Abstract
The article is devoted to transient ischemic attack being a predictor of ischemic stroke and its risk factor that significantly increases its probability. Transient ischemic attack is also a biomarker of an adverse course of cardiovascular diseases. The causes, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic issues and the main directions of preventive therapy are examined. The article focuses on the importance of early diagnosis and clarification of the causes and mechanisms of cerebral circulation decompensation, which determines reasonable, targeted treatment of transient ischemic attack as the most important area of stroke prevention.
References
1. Gorelick P. (2019) The global burden of stroke: persistent and disabling. The Lancet Neurology, vol. 18, no 5, pp. 417–8.
2. Tsalta-Mladenov M., Georgieva D., Andonova S. (2020) Measuring Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors. Russian Neurological Journal, no 25 (3), pp. 11–16. DOI: 10.30629/2658- 7947-2020-25-3-11-16.
3. Suslina Z., Gulevskaja T., Maximova M., Morgunov V. Cerebrovascular accident. M.: MEDpress-inform, 536 p.
4. Shirokov E. Transient ischemic attack: aggressive treatment strategy. RMJ, no 5, pp. 42–44.
5. Amarenco P., Lavallee P.C., Tavares L.M. (2018) Five-year risk of stroke after TIA or minor ischemic stroke. N Eng J Med., vol. 378, no 23, pp. 2182–2190. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa 1802712.
6. Giles M.F., Albers G.W., Amarenco P. (2011) Early stroke risk and ABCD2 score performance in tissue- vs time-defined TIA: a multicenter study. Neurology, no 77, pp. 1222–1228. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182309f91.
7. Uchiyama S., Amarenco P., Minematsu K. (2014) TIA as an acute cerebrovascular syndrome. Front Neurol Neurosci. Basel, Karger, no 33, pp. 135–146. DOI: 10.1159/000351914.
8. Johnston S.C., Nguyen-Huyen M.N., Schwarz M.E. (2006) National Stroke Association. Guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks. Ann. Neurol., vol. 60 (3), pp. 301–313.
9. Kleindorfer D., Panagos P., Pancioli A. (2005) Incidence and short-term prognosis of transient ischaemic attack in a population-based study, Stroke, vol. 36, pp. 720–723.
10. Daffertshofer M., Mielke O., Pullwitt A., Felsenstein M., Hennerici M. (2004) Transient ischemic attacks are more than «ministrokes». Stroke, vol. 35, pp. 2453–2458.
11. Jaworskaja V., Flovin U. (2008) Transient ischemic attacks: more than «ministrokes». Emergency medicine, no 6 (19). Available at: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/7721
12. Mohr J.P. (2004) Historical perspective. Neurology, vol. 62, no. 8 (suppl. 6), pp. 3–6.
13. Marshall J. (1964) The natural history of transient ischemic attack. Q. J. Med., vol. 33, pp. 309–324.
14. Nguyen-Huynh M.N., Johnston S.C. (2007) Evaluation and management of transient ischemic attack: an important component of stroke prevention. Nature Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med., vol. 4 (6), pp. 310–318.
15. Piradov M. (2021) Neurologist’s tactics: practical guide. Moscow: GOETAR-Media, 208 p.
16. Johnston S.C. (2005) Transient ischemic attacks are emergencies. Stroke, vol. 36, pp. 720–724.
17. Lavallée P., Amarenco P. (2014) Stroke subtypes and interventional studies for transient ischemic attack. Front Neurol Neurosci. Basel, Karger, 33, pp. 135–146. DOI: 10.1159/000351914.
18. Parfenov V. (2009) Transient ischemic attacks. Aterotrombosis, no 1 (2), pp. 77–85.
19. Dyken M., Conneally M., Haerer A. (1977) Cooperative study of hospital frequency and character of transient ischemic attacks. JAMA, vol. 237, pp. 882–886.
20. Eliasziw M., Kennedy J., Hill M.D. (2004) North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group. Early risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack in patients with internal carotid artery disease. CMAJ, vol. 170 (7), pp. 1105–1109.
21. Marler J.R., Tilley B.C., Lu M. (2000) Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology, vol. 55, pp. 1649–1655.
22. Johnston S.C., Rothwell P.M., Nguyen-Huynh M.N. (2007) Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Lancet, vol. 369, pp. 283–92.
23. Shah K.H., Edlow J.A. (2004) Transient ischemic attack: review for the emergency physician. Ann. Emerg. Med., vol. 43, pp. 592–604.
24. Wiebers D., Feigin V., Brown R. (2005) Stroke. Clinical guide. M.: «Publishing house BINOM», 608 p.
25. Stakhovskaya L. (2017) Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. M.: Medpress-inform, Russia, 208 p.
26. Mok V., Kim J. (2015) Prevention and management of cerebral small vessel disease. J Stroke, 17 (2), pp. 111–122. DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.111.
27. Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T. (2018) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, no 49 (3), pp. 46–110. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000158.
28. Fonyakin A., Geraskina L., Maksimova M. (2021) Antiplatelet therapy in stroke prevention after non-cardioembolic transient ischemic attack. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics, 13 (5), pp. 14–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2021-5-14-19
