Рецепт. 2019; : 712-719
Анализ затрат на здравоохранение в странах мира
Аннотация
Введение. Вопросы сохранения и улучшения здоровья граждан должны быть одними из первостепенных задач каждого государства. Здоровье человека в государственном аспекте стоит рассматривать как экономический ресурс, залог демографического и экономического роста.
Цель исследования: освещение опыта организации обеспечения здравоохранения в социально-экономически развитых странах, в частности проблемы финансирования и внедрения страховой медицины как потенциальной модели развития и реформирования системы здравоохранения в Украине.
Материалы и методы. Использованы общепринятые методы нормативно-правового, документального, ретроспективного и сравнительного анализа. Проведена обработка данных, полученных в результате анализа научно-публицистических источников.
Результаты и обсуждение. Проведен ретроспективный и сравнительный анализ расходов на здравоохранение в ряде социально-экономически развитых стран мира. Подчеркнута актуальность исследования опыта передовых стран мира в сфере финансирования системы здравоохранения, что позволит проанализировать проблему расходов на здравоохранение в Украине и разработать оптимальную модель финансирования. В качестве цели исследования был представлен опыт обеспечения здравоохранения в социально-экономически развитых странах, особенно проблемы финансирования и реализации страховой медицины как потенциальной модели для развития и реформирования системы здравоохранения Украины. Приведенные результаты обработки данных получены вследствие анализа научно-публицистических источников. Определено, что в ряде европейских стран преимущественно государственный способ финансирования, что позволяет обеспечивать необходимыми медицинскими товарами и услугами разные категории населения, независимо от их уровня доходов. Установлена прямо пропорциональная зависимость продолжительности жизни населения от уровня расходов на сферу здравоохранения. Тем самым подчеркивается необходимость не только увеличения государственного финансирования в Украине, но и рационального использования уже задействованных ресурсов. Приведена сравнительная характеристика уровня сооплаты и части государственного финансирования фармацевтического сектора в ряде стран. Отмечена необходимость сохранения оптимального соотношения стоимости ЛС, платежеспособности населения и размеров бюджетов сферы здравоохранения в Украине. Определено, что для Украины является бесценным опыт передовых стран мира, имеющих сформированную эффективную систему финансирования здравоохранения. Система здравоохранения играет важную роль социальной защиты населения и при условии рационального финансирования становится гарантией социального и экономического процветания государства.
Выводы. Анализ опыта по реформированию системы здравоохранения в ряде передовых стран мира, в частности проблема финансирования, позволили сделать вывод о своевременности использования в Украине именно государственной системы финансирования, наряду с частной и социальной формами медицинского страхования, как дополнительного способа финансирования здравоохранения. Преимущественное государственное финансирование характерно для Великобритании, Швеции, Канады, именно благодаря государственным затратам обеспечивается максимальное покрытие всех категорий населения необходимыми медицинскими товарами и услугами. Практика США, где процент государственного финансирования значительно меньше частного, демонстрирует, что такая система финансирования имеет серьезные недостатки, в первую очередь – создание финансовых диспропорций в здравоохранении. Таким образом, избирать систему финансирования необходимо в зависимости от социально-экономического развития каждого отдельного государства.
Список литературы
1. Savin R. (2016) An analysis of modern progress trends of international fund market. Announcer of economy of transport and industry, ed. 53.
2. Kvitashvili O. (ed.) (2014) Annual lecture about the state of health of population, sanitary epidemic situation and results of activity of the healthcare system of Ukraine. K., 460 p.
3. Bondar A. (2011) Financing of healthcare system in foreign countries [Electronic resource]. Lviv Polytechnic National University Institutional Repository. Available at: http://ena.lp.edu.ua:8080/bitstream/ntb/16620/1/344-587-588.pdf
4. Burbela A.L. (2017) State costs on a healthcare in Ukraine / Scientific announcer of Uzhgorodskiy national university. Series: International economic relations and world economy, 14 (1), pp. 37–40. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nvuumevcg_2017_14(1)__9.
5. Shapovalov V. (Jr.), Shapovalov V., Shapovalova V., Rogozhnikova O. (2015) Comparative analysis of pharmaceutical care organization in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in providing of favorable categories of citizens. Scientific gazette of Belgorodskiy state university (Medicine. Pharmacy), 10 (207), ed. 30, pp. 226–238.
6. Galkovskaya T. (2003) Crowd are into health funds. Electronic resource. Available at: http://gazeta.zn.ua/HEALTH/massy_v_bolnichnye_kassy.html (10 of October 2014).
7. Gnidyuk I. (2015) Modern condition of the financial providing of healthcare system. Economic ANNALS-XXI, 155 (11–12), pp. 73–77.
8. Lobas M. (2016) Level of financing of healthcare as factor of providing of high-quality medicare for rural population. Ukraine. Health of nation, 4/1 (41), pp. 150–155.
9. Malyovaniy M. (2013) Condition and problems of the state financing of healthcare of Ukraine. Problems of economy, 4, pp. 116–124.
10. Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine [Electronic resource]. Available at: www.moz.gov.ua/.
11. Order of Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 769 from 13.09.2010 «About statement of Conception of development of pharmaceutical sector of guard of healthcare of Ukraine on 2011–2020» [Electronic resource]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0769282-10
12. Rating of the world countries for costs` rate on healthcare system. Humanity encyclopedia [Electronic resource]. Center of humanity technology, 2006–2018 (last release: 25.08.2018). Available at: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/expenditure-on-health/info
13. Roschupkina L. (2007) Facilities for disabled people. Answers on all questions. Second ed., rework and add. SPb.: BKHv-Petersburg, M.: Eksmo, 128 p.
14. Shapovalov V., Rogozhnikova O. (2015) Pharmaceutical-legal monitoring of wrongs in providing of favourable categories of patients by medicines on the basis of pharmaceutical law. Ukrainian announcer of psychoneurology, 23, ed. 3 (84), addition, pp. 51–58.
15. Shapovalov V., Rogozhnikova O. (2015) State principles of regulation of medicine rotation in the world countries and Ukraine in pharmacotherapy of orphan diseases of disabled children on the basis of pharmaceutical law. Pharmaceutical journal, 4, pp. 83–91.
16. Shibaeva A. (2012) State price regulation on medicines: international experience. Weekly Pharmacy, 21 (842). Available at: http://www.apteka.ua
17. Shapovalova V., Shapovalova V., Shapovalova V., Osinceva A. (2017) Slobozhanski lectures. Pharmaceutical and medical law in Ukraine: innovations, quality, safety, availability and prospects of development of medicine technology, organization of pharmaceutical business, judicial and clinical pharmacy: materials of XIV interdisc. scien.-pract. conference with participation of internat. special. (16–17 of November 2017, Kharkiv). Kh., 104 p.
Recipe. 2019; : 712-719
Analysis of Healthcare Expenditures in Countries of the World
Abstract
Introduction. A question of preservation and improvement of health of citizens must be one of high-priority tasks of every state. The health of human in the aspect of the state system considered as an economic resource, guarantee of demographic and economic increase.
Purpose of research. To highlight the experience of providing healthcare in the social and economically developed countries, in particular the problems of financing and introducing insurance medicine as a potential model for the development and reform of the healthcare system in Ukraine.
Materials and methods. Common methods of normative legal, documentary, retrospective and comparative analysis were used. The processing of data obtained from the analysis of scientific journalistic sources was carried out.
Results and discussion. Expenditures on healthcare in a number of socially-economically developed countries were analyzed retrospectively and comparatively. The relevance of the study of the experience of the advanced countries in the sphere of financing of healthcare system is emphasized, that allows analyzing the problem of healthcare costs in Ukraine and developing an optimal model of financing. The purpose of research is highlighting the experience of providing healthcare in the social and economically developed countries, in particular the problems of financing and introducing insurance medicine as a potential model for the development and reform of the healthcare system in Ukraine. The processing of data obtained from the analysis of scientific journalistic sources was carried out. It was determined that in a number of European countries, the state funding method used to provide the necessary medicines and services for different categories of citizens, regardless of their level of income. The directly proportional dependence of the life duration of the population on the level of costs on health was established. Thus, the necessity of increasing the state financing in Ukraine and also rational use of the using resources are emphasized. The level of co-payments and the part of public financing of the pharmaceutical sector in a number of countries was comparatively characterized. The necessity of preserving the optimal ratio of the cost of medicines, the solvency of the population and the size of the health care budgets in Ukraine was indicated. It was determined, that for Ukraine experience of advanced world countries with the formed effective system of financing of healthcare section is valuable. At first, healthcare system has an important role in social protection and at the rational financing becomes the guarantee of social and economic prosperity of the state.
Conclusion. The analysis of experience in reforming the healthcare system in a number of advanced countries, in particular the financing problem, has made it possible to conclude that the use of private and social health insurance in Ukraine as an auxiliary lever of healthcare financing is urgently needed. Mostly, state funding is typical for Great Britain, Sweden, and Canada. Due to the state costs, the maximum coverage of all categories of population by the necessary medicines and medicines services provided. USA practice, where the percentage of state funding is much smaller than commercial, demonstrates that this funding system has serious disadvantages, at first – creation of financial imbalances in healthcare system. Thus, it is necessary to choose the system of financing depending on the socio-economic development of each state.
References
1. Savin R. (2016) An analysis of modern progress trends of international fund market. Announcer of economy of transport and industry, ed. 53.
2. Kvitashvili O. (ed.) (2014) Annual lecture about the state of health of population, sanitary epidemic situation and results of activity of the healthcare system of Ukraine. K., 460 p.
3. Bondar A. (2011) Financing of healthcare system in foreign countries [Electronic resource]. Lviv Polytechnic National University Institutional Repository. Available at: http://ena.lp.edu.ua:8080/bitstream/ntb/16620/1/344-587-588.pdf
4. Burbela A.L. (2017) State costs on a healthcare in Ukraine / Scientific announcer of Uzhgorodskiy national university. Series: International economic relations and world economy, 14 (1), pp. 37–40. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nvuumevcg_2017_14(1)__9.
5. Shapovalov V. (Jr.), Shapovalov V., Shapovalova V., Rogozhnikova O. (2015) Comparative analysis of pharmaceutical care organization in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in providing of favorable categories of citizens. Scientific gazette of Belgorodskiy state university (Medicine. Pharmacy), 10 (207), ed. 30, pp. 226–238.
6. Galkovskaya T. (2003) Crowd are into health funds. Electronic resource. Available at: http://gazeta.zn.ua/HEALTH/massy_v_bolnichnye_kassy.html (10 of October 2014).
7. Gnidyuk I. (2015) Modern condition of the financial providing of healthcare system. Economic ANNALS-XXI, 155 (11–12), pp. 73–77.
8. Lobas M. (2016) Level of financing of healthcare as factor of providing of high-quality medicare for rural population. Ukraine. Health of nation, 4/1 (41), pp. 150–155.
9. Malyovaniy M. (2013) Condition and problems of the state financing of healthcare of Ukraine. Problems of economy, 4, pp. 116–124.
10. Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine [Electronic resource]. Available at: www.moz.gov.ua/.
11. Order of Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 769 from 13.09.2010 «About statement of Conception of development of pharmaceutical sector of guard of healthcare of Ukraine on 2011–2020» [Electronic resource]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0769282-10
12. Rating of the world countries for costs` rate on healthcare system. Humanity encyclopedia [Electronic resource]. Center of humanity technology, 2006–2018 (last release: 25.08.2018). Available at: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/expenditure-on-health/info
13. Roschupkina L. (2007) Facilities for disabled people. Answers on all questions. Second ed., rework and add. SPb.: BKHv-Petersburg, M.: Eksmo, 128 p.
14. Shapovalov V., Rogozhnikova O. (2015) Pharmaceutical-legal monitoring of wrongs in providing of favourable categories of patients by medicines on the basis of pharmaceutical law. Ukrainian announcer of psychoneurology, 23, ed. 3 (84), addition, pp. 51–58.
15. Shapovalov V., Rogozhnikova O. (2015) State principles of regulation of medicine rotation in the world countries and Ukraine in pharmacotherapy of orphan diseases of disabled children on the basis of pharmaceutical law. Pharmaceutical journal, 4, pp. 83–91.
16. Shibaeva A. (2012) State price regulation on medicines: international experience. Weekly Pharmacy, 21 (842). Available at: http://www.apteka.ua
17. Shapovalova V., Shapovalova V., Shapovalova V., Osinceva A. (2017) Slobozhanski lectures. Pharmaceutical and medical law in Ukraine: innovations, quality, safety, availability and prospects of development of medicine technology, organization of pharmaceutical business, judicial and clinical pharmacy: materials of XIV interdisc. scien.-pract. conference with participation of internat. special. (16–17 of November 2017, Kharkiv). Kh., 104 p.
