Ориенталистика. 2023; 6: 823-832
К вопросу о датировке арабских текстов на папирусе и бумаге
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-5-823-832Аннотация
Датировка - один из важнейших этапов работы с документом наравне с его расшифровкой. При работе с арабскими документами на папирусе и бумаге мы чаще всего не располагаем информацией о том, где и когда они были обнаружены, являлись ли частью одного архива. Их зачастую плохая сохранность также не увеличивают шансы исследователя датировать документ хотя бы с точностью до столетия. Условно разделяя механизмы датирования на «внешние» и «внутренние» мы можем утверждать, что данные просопографии предоставляют наиболее точные данные о времени написания документа; формулы и структура документов могут указывать на определенный исторический период; палеографический анализ предоставляет наименее точные данные. На основании палеографических данных документы на папирусе условно датируют III/IX в., а документы на бумаге относят к периоду с IV/X по VII/XIII в.
Список литературы
1. Беляев В. И. Собрание арабских папирусов в Москве и Ленинграде. Труды Второй Cессии Ассоциации арабистов. 19–23 октября 1937 г. Под ред. И. Ю. Крачковского. М. — Л.: АH СССР, 1941. С. 71–80.
2. Крачковский И. Ю. Древнейший арабский документ из Средней Азии. Согдийский сборник. Под ред. И. Ю. Крачковского, А. А. Фреймана. Л.: АН СССР, 1934. С. 52–90.
3. Abbott N. Studies in Arabic literary papyri 3: Language and literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
4. Bailey D. M. Sebakh, Sherds and Survey. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 1999. No. 85, pp. 211–218.
5. Cuvigny H. The Finds of the Papyri: The Archaeology of Papyrology. The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Ed. R. S. Bagnall. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009, pp. 30–58.
6. Deroche F. The Writing Surface: Papyrus and Parchment. Islamic Codicology: An Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script. London: Al- Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2005, pp. 11–23.
7. Grob E. M. Documentary Arabic Private and Business Letters on Papyrus: Form and Function, Content and Context. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.
8. Grohmann A. Arabic Inscriptions. Louvain: Publications Universitaires, 1962.
9. Kaplony A. What Are Those Few Dots For? Thoughts on the Orthography of the Qurra Papyri (709–710), the Khurasan Parchments (755–777) and the Inscription of the Jerusalem Dome of the Rock (692). Arabica: Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies. 2008. No. 55, pp. 91–112.
10. Kawatoko M. On the Use of Coptic Numerals in Egypt in the 16th Century. Orient. 1992. No. 28, pp. 58–74.
11. Khan G. The Historical Development of the Structure of Medieval Arabic Petitions. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1990. Vol. 53. No. 1, pp. 8–30.
12. Legendre M. Landowners, Caliphs and State Policy over Landholdings in the Egyptian Countryside. Theory and Practice. Authority and Control in the Countryside: From Antiquity to Islam in the Mediterranean and Near East (Sixth– Tenth Century). Ed. by A. Delattre, M. Legendre, P. Sijpesteijn. Leiden: Brill, 2019, pp. 392–419.
13. Rāġib Y. L’écriture des papyrus arabes aux premiers siècles de l’Islam. Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée. 1990. No. 58, pp. 14–29.
14. Sijpesteijn P. M. Egypt’s Connections in the Early Caliphate: Political, Economic, and Cultural. Egypt and The Eastern Mediterranean World. Ed. by J. Bruning, J. H. M. de Jong, P. M. Sijpesteijn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 238–271.
15. Stern S. M. Three Petitions of the Fatimid Period. Oriens. 1962. No. 15, pp. 172–209.
16. Stern S. M. Petitions from the Ayyūbid Period. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1964. No. 27(1), pp. 1–32.
17. Stern S. M. Petitions from the Mamluk Period. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1966. No. 29(2), pp. 233–276.
18. Trepnalova E. The Arabic Papyri in the Pushkin Museum: History of the Collection and Edition of I 1 б 732. Written Monuments of the Orient. 2023. No. 1(17), pp. 107–119.
Orientalistica. 2023; 6: 823-832
On the question of dating Arabic texts on papyrus and paper
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-5-823-832Abstract
Dating is one of the most important stages of working with a document, along with its deciphering. When working with Arabic documents on papyrus and paper, we do not have information about their provenance, or whether they were part of an archive. Their often poor preservation does not increase a researcher’s chances of dating the document at least within a century as well. Conditionally dividing the dating mechanisms into “external” and “internal,” we can argue that prosopography provides the most accurate data about when the document was written; the formulas and structure of documents may indicate a certain historical period; paleographic analysis provides the least accurate data. Based on paleographic data, documents on papyrus are tentatively dated to the 3rd/9th century, and documents on paper - to the period from the 4th/10th to the 7th/13th centuries.
References
1. Belyaev V. I. Sobranie arabskikh papirusov v Moskve i Leningrade. Trudy Vtoroi Cessii Assotsiatsii arabistov. 19–23 oktyabrya 1937 g. Pod red. I. Yu. Krachkovskogo. M. — L.: AH SSSR, 1941. S. 71–80.
2. Krachkovskii I. Yu. Drevneishii arabskii dokument iz Srednei Azii. Sogdiiskii sbornik. Pod red. I. Yu. Krachkovskogo, A. A. Freimana. L.: AN SSSR, 1934. S. 52–90.
3. Abbott N. Studies in Arabic literary papyri 3: Language and literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
4. Bailey D. M. Sebakh, Sherds and Survey. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 1999. No. 85, pp. 211–218.
5. Cuvigny H. The Finds of the Papyri: The Archaeology of Papyrology. The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Ed. R. S. Bagnall. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009, pp. 30–58.
6. Deroche F. The Writing Surface: Papyrus and Parchment. Islamic Codicology: An Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script. London: Al- Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2005, pp. 11–23.
7. Grob E. M. Documentary Arabic Private and Business Letters on Papyrus: Form and Function, Content and Context. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.
8. Grohmann A. Arabic Inscriptions. Louvain: Publications Universitaires, 1962.
9. Kaplony A. What Are Those Few Dots For? Thoughts on the Orthography of the Qurra Papyri (709–710), the Khurasan Parchments (755–777) and the Inscription of the Jerusalem Dome of the Rock (692). Arabica: Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies. 2008. No. 55, pp. 91–112.
10. Kawatoko M. On the Use of Coptic Numerals in Egypt in the 16th Century. Orient. 1992. No. 28, pp. 58–74.
11. Khan G. The Historical Development of the Structure of Medieval Arabic Petitions. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1990. Vol. 53. No. 1, pp. 8–30.
12. Legendre M. Landowners, Caliphs and State Policy over Landholdings in the Egyptian Countryside. Theory and Practice. Authority and Control in the Countryside: From Antiquity to Islam in the Mediterranean and Near East (Sixth– Tenth Century). Ed. by A. Delattre, M. Legendre, P. Sijpesteijn. Leiden: Brill, 2019, pp. 392–419.
13. Rāġib Y. L’écriture des papyrus arabes aux premiers siècles de l’Islam. Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée. 1990. No. 58, pp. 14–29.
14. Sijpesteijn P. M. Egypt’s Connections in the Early Caliphate: Political, Economic, and Cultural. Egypt and The Eastern Mediterranean World. Ed. by J. Bruning, J. H. M. de Jong, P. M. Sijpesteijn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 238–271.
15. Stern S. M. Three Petitions of the Fatimid Period. Oriens. 1962. No. 15, pp. 172–209.
16. Stern S. M. Petitions from the Ayyūbid Period. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1964. No. 27(1), pp. 1–32.
17. Stern S. M. Petitions from the Mamluk Period. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1966. No. 29(2), pp. 233–276.
18. Trepnalova E. The Arabic Papyri in the Pushkin Museum: History of the Collection and Edition of I 1 b 732. Written Monuments of the Orient. 2023. No. 1(17), pp. 107–119.
