Ориенталистика. 2023; 6: 729-738
Рецензия на книгу: Majumdar, Susmita Basu. Mahasthan Record Revisited: Querying the Empire from a Regional Perspective (1st ed.). London–New York: Routledge–Taylor & Francis Group; Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2023. 111 pp., ill. (colour plates). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003405061 (ebk)
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-3-4-729-738Аннотация
Империя Маурьев и соседние с ней страны по-прежнему остаются предметом исследования из-за нехватки достоверных данных. Единственными доступными источниками выступают эдикты царя Ашоки Великого и несколько других надписей. В статье представлен обзор недавней монографии профессора Сусмиты Басу Маджумдар (Калькутта) о надписи из Махастхана, которая считается частью корпуса надписей Маурьев. Контент-анализ надписи из Махастана и сравнительное изучение различных надписей и монет Маурьев помогают выявить неточности в реконструкциях Маджумдар. Во-первых, нет оснований полагать, что в надписи из Махастхана упомянут неочищенный рис, поскольку термин [dhā]niyaṁ означает «зерно» в целом. Во-вторых, нет оснований рассматривать надпись из Махастхана как приказ, изданный имперскими властями Магадхи, и, более того, как своего рода «глиняную табличку Маурьев». В надписи из Махастхана не упоминаются никакие властные структуры Магадхи. Можно даже предположить, что эта надпись выпущена отдельным политическим образованием, которое имитировало как эпиграфические документы, так и чеканку монет империи Маурьев.
Список литературы
1. Barua, 1930 — Barua, B. M. The Sohgaura Copper-Plate Inscription. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 11, no. 1 (1930): 32–48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41688160.
2. Barua, 1934a — Barua, B. M. The Old Brāhmī Inscription of Mahāsthān. The Indian Historical Quarterly. 1934. Vol. 10. P. 57–66.
3. Barua, 1934b – Barua, B. M. The Sohgaura Copper-Plate [Side-Lights from Pāli Texts and Brāhmī Inscription of Mahāsthān. The Indian Historical Quarterly. 1934. Vol. 10. P. 54–56.
4. Bhandarkar, 1931 — Bhandarkar, D. R. Mauryan Brahmi Inscription of Mahasthan. Epigraphia Indica. XXI, 1931. P. 83–91.
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11. Goyal, 1995 — Goyal, Shankar. Main Trends in the Historiography of the Early Maurya Empire since Independence. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 76, no. 1/4, 1995, pp. 51–68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41694369.
12. Habib & Habib, 1989 — Habib, Irfan, and Faiz Habib. Mapping the Mauryan Empire. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 50, 1989, pp. 57–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44146015.
13. Mitra & Mitra, 1982 — Mitra, Rajendralala (ed.) & Mitra, Sisir Kumar (rev. ed.). The Nītisāra or the Elements of Polity by Kāmandaki. Fasc. II. Calcutta, 1861. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1982 (Bibliotheca Indica: A Collection of Oriental Works).
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15. Scharfe, 1968 — Scharfe H. Untersuchungen zur Staatsrechtslehre des Kauṭalya. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1968.
16. Sircar, 1993/1942 — Sircar, D.C. Mahasthan Fragmentary Stone Plaque Inscription. Sircar, D.C. (ed.) Select Inscriptions: Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, vol. I, New Delhi: V.K. Publishing House, 1993 (1st edn. 1942), pp. 79–80.
17. Thapar, 1987 — Thapar, R. Towards the Definition of an Empire: The Mauryan State. The Mauryas Revisited, ed. R. Thapar, Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi, 1987, pp. 1–30.
18. Thapar, 2015 — Thapar, R. History and Beyond: From Lineage to State. New Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 2015.
19. Trautmann, 1971 — Trautmann, T.R. Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971.
20. Вигасин А.А. Древняя Индия. От источника к истории. М.: Вост. лит., 2007.
Orientalistica. 2023; 6: 729-738
[Book Review:] Majumdar, Susmita Basu. Mahasthan Record Revisited: Querying the Empire from a Regional Perspective (1st ed.). London–New York: Routledge–Taylor & Francis Group; Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2023. 111 pp., ill. (colour plates). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003405061 (ebk)
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-3-4-729-738Abstract
The Mauryan Empire and its neighbouring countries still remain as a desideratum research topic because of the scarcity of authentic data. The only available sources are the edicts of King Ashoka the Great and a few other inscriptions. The paper offers a review of the recent monograph by Professor Susmita Basu Majumdar (Calcutta) on the Mahasthan inscription, which is believed to be a part of the Mauryan epigraphy. Content analysis of the Mahasthan record and comparative study of various Mauryan inscriptions and coins help to find shortcomings in Majumdar’s reconstructions. First, there is no reason to believe that the Mahasthan inscription does mention unhusked rice because the term [dhā]niyaṁ means ‘grain’ in general. Second, there is no reason to treat the Mahasthan record as an order issued by the imperial Magadha authorities and, moreover, as a kind of ‘Mauryan clay tablet’. The Mahasthan inscription mentions no Magadha authorities. One may even suggest that this record was issued by a separate polity which imitated both epigraphical documents and punch-marked coinage of the Mauryan Empire.
References
1. Barua, 1930 — Barua, B. M. The Sohgaura Copper-Plate Inscription. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 11, no. 1 (1930): 32–48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41688160.
2. Barua, 1934a — Barua, B. M. The Old Brāhmī Inscription of Mahāsthān. The Indian Historical Quarterly. 1934. Vol. 10. P. 57–66.
3. Barua, 1934b – Barua, B. M. The Sohgaura Copper-Plate [Side-Lights from Pāli Texts and Brāhmī Inscription of Mahāsthān. The Indian Historical Quarterly. 1934. Vol. 10. P. 54–56.
4. Bhandarkar, 1931 — Bhandarkar, D. R. Mauryan Brahmi Inscription of Mahasthan. Epigraphia Indica. XXI, 1931. P. 83–91.
5. Bongard-Levin G. M. Epigraficheskii dokument Maur'ev iz Bengala. Sovetskoe vostokovedenie. 1958. № 3. S. 109–113.
6. Bongard-Levin, 1958b — Bongard-Levin, G. M. ‘Epigraphic Document of the Mauryas from Bengal’, Journal of the Asiatic Society, Letters, vol. XXIV, 1958b, no. 2, pp. 79–84.
7. Bongard-Levin G.M. Indiya epokhi Maur'ev. M.: Nauka, GRVL, 1973.
8. Gaṇapati Sāstrī, 1912 — Gaṇapati Sāstrī, T. (ed.). The Nītisāra of Kāmandaka, with the Commentary, Jayamangala of Sankarārya. Trivandrum: Travancore Government Press, 1912 (Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, No. XIV).
9. Ghosh, 2016 — Ghosh, Soumya. Re-reading Sohgaura Bronze Plaque Inscription: Situating it in Mauryan Context. Studies in Indian Epigraphy, vol. XLI, Mysore: The Epigraphical Society of India, 2016.
10. Ghosh, 2018 — Ghosh, Soumya. The Sohgaura Bronze Plaque Inscription: A Critical Appraisal. Recent Researches in Epigraphy and Numismatics, ed. Mahesh Kalra and Suraj A. Pandit. 2018. Ch. 18.
11. Goyal, 1995 — Goyal, Shankar. Main Trends in the Historiography of the Early Maurya Empire since Independence. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 76, no. 1/4, 1995, pp. 51–68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41694369.
12. Habib & Habib, 1989 — Habib, Irfan, and Faiz Habib. Mapping the Mauryan Empire. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 50, 1989, pp. 57–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44146015.
13. Mitra & Mitra, 1982 — Mitra, Rajendralala (ed.) & Mitra, Sisir Kumar (rev. ed.). The Nītisāra or the Elements of Polity by Kāmandaki. Fasc. II. Calcutta, 1861. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1982 (Bibliotheca Indica: A Collection of Oriental Works).
14. Mukherji & Maity, 1967 — Mukherji, R. and S.K. Maity. Mahasthan Fragmentary Stone Plaque Inscription. Corpus of Bengal Inscriptions Bearing on History and Civilization of Bengal, Calcutta: Firma K.L.M., 1967, pp. 39–40.
15. Scharfe, 1968 — Scharfe H. Untersuchungen zur Staatsrechtslehre des Kauṭalya. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1968.
16. Sircar, 1993/1942 — Sircar, D.C. Mahasthan Fragmentary Stone Plaque Inscription. Sircar, D.C. (ed.) Select Inscriptions: Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, vol. I, New Delhi: V.K. Publishing House, 1993 (1st edn. 1942), pp. 79–80.
17. Thapar, 1987 — Thapar, R. Towards the Definition of an Empire: The Mauryan State. The Mauryas Revisited, ed. R. Thapar, Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi, 1987, pp. 1–30.
18. Thapar, 2015 — Thapar, R. History and Beyond: From Lineage to State. New Delhi: Oxford India Paperbacks, 2015.
19. Trautmann, 1971 — Trautmann, T.R. Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: A Statistical Investigation of the Authorship and Evolution of the Text. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1971.
20. Vigasin A.A. Drevnyaya Indiya. Ot istochnika k istorii. M.: Vost. lit., 2007.
