Ориенталистика. 2023; 6: 418-433
Роль Юсуфа Акчуры в становлении турецкой национальной историографии
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-3-418-433Аннотация
В данной статье рассматривается становление Ю. Акчуры как одного из основоположников турецкой национальной историографии республиканского периода. Исследователи творчества Ю. Акчуры обращают внимание в основном на его социально-политическую деятельность, просветительскую и общественную работу. Недостаточно освящена его роль как одного из первых турецких историографов, всерьез воспринявших идею тюркского происхождения турецкой нации. Между тем, он стоял у основ официальной концепции национальной истории после распада Османской империи. Его заслуга в том, что история тюркских народов Евразии была включена в «Тезис по турецкой истории» (см.: [Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları, 1930]), ставший основой официальной историографии Турецкой Республики. Как известно, Акчура был замечен М. К. Ататюрком и включен в группу новой турецкой политической элиты, которой было поручено формировать официальный республиканский историко-образовательный дискурс в начале 1930х гг. Во многом благодаря ему история тюрок стала предметом пристального изучения и преподавания в Турции.
Список литературы
1. Akçura Y. Ulüm ve Tarih [Sciences and History]. Kazan: Ma‘arif Kutuphanesi, 1906 (in Tatar).
2. Akçura Y. Müverrih Leon Cahun ve Muallim Barthold’a Göre Cengiz Han [The Historian Leon Cahun and the Scholar Bartol’d about Genghis Khan]. Pt. I. Turk Yurdu. No. 1. 30 Kasim 1911, pp. 18–20 (in Turkish).
3. Akçura Y. Müverrih Leon Cahun ve Muallim Barthold’a Göre Cengiz Han [The Historian Leon Cahun and the Scholar Bartol’d about Genghis Khan]. Pt. V. Turk Yurdu. No. 5. 25 January 1912, pp. 82–84 (in Turkish).
4. A[kçura] Y. Türk Tarihinin Devirlere Taksimi [Of the Division of Turkish History into Periods]. Turk Yurdu. No. 82. 6 May 1915, pp. 112–113 (in Turkish).
5. Akçura Y. Tarihi Görüşe Dair [On the Historical Perspective]. Turk Yurdu. No. 166–5, February 1925, pp. 174–177 (in Turkish).
6. Akçura Y. Tarih Yazmak ve Tarih Okutmak. Türk Tarih Kongresi. Pt. I. İstanbul: Matbaacilik ve Neshriyat Turk Anonim Shirketi, 1932, pp. 577–607 [Akçura Y. Writing History and Teaching History. Turkish history congress. 1932;I:577– 607] (in Turkish).
7. Akçura Y. Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset [Three Styles of Politics]. Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari, 1976 (in Turkish).
8. Akçura Y. Türk Yılı 1928 [Turkish Year of 1928]. Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari. Ankara, 2009 (in Turkish).
9. Akçura Y. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Dağılma Devri (XVIII. ve XIX. Yüzyıllarda) [The Period of Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th through the 19th Centuries]. İstanbul: İlgi Kultur Sanat Yayincilik, 2015 (in Turkish).
10. Akçura Y. Muasır Avrupa’da Siyasi ve İçtimai Fikirler ve Fikri Cereyanlar [Political and Social Ideas, and Intellectual Challenges in Contemporary Europe]. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
11. Akçhura Y. Siyaset ve İktisat [Politics and Economics]. Ed. by Erol Kilinch. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
12. Akçura Y. Sürgünden İstanbul’a Darülhilafet Mektupları [Letters of the Caliphate from the Exile to Istanbul]. Ed. by İsmail Turkoglu. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
13. Akçura Y. Türkçülüğün Tarihi [The History of Turkism]. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
14. Arikan Z. Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Tarihçilik [Historiography from the Tanzimat to the Republican Periods]. Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye Ansiklopedisi [Encyclopedia of Turkey from the Tanzimat to the Republic Period]. Pt. 6. İstanbul: İletishim Yayinlari, 1985, p. 1588 (in Turlkish).
15. Berkes N. Türkiye’de Çağdaşlaşma [Modernization of Turkey]. İstanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 2012 (in Turkish).
16. Bicher Ch. Yusuf Akçura’nın Tarihçiliği ve Tarih Öğretimi üzerine görüşleri [Yusuf Akçura’s Views on Historiography and History Teaching]: Unpublished MA Dissertation. Kirklareli universitesi, 2018 (in Turkish).
17. Chalen M. Kaan. II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde İki Farklı Cengiz Han Tasavvuru [Two Different Visions of Genghis Khan During the Constitutional Period]. Modern Türklük Araştırma Dergisi. Vol. 13. No. 4. December 2016, p. 232 (in Turkish).
18. Chalen M. Kaan. Niyazi Berkes’e Göre Yusuf Akçura Neden Unutuldu? [Why Was Yusuf Akçura Forgotten As Niyazi Berkes Suggested?]. Tarih Okulu Dergisi. 2016. Year 9. No. XXVIII, p. 331 (in Turkish).
19. Copeaux E. Türk Tarih Tezinden Türk-İslam Sentezine [From Turkish History Thesis to Turkish-Islamic Synthesis]. Transl. from the French by Ali Berktay. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yayinlari, 2000 (in Turkish).
20. Géorgeon F. Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Kökenleri Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935) [The Origins of Turkish Nationalism: Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935)]. Transl. from the French by Alev Er. Ankara: Yurt Yayinlari, 1986 (in Turkish).
21. Géorgeon F. Osmanlı-Türk Modernleşmesi [Ottoman-Turkish Modernization]. Transl. from the French by Ali Berktay. İstanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
22. Kanlidere A. Türkiye’de Genel Türk Tarihçiliği ve Zeki Velidi Togan [Kanlidere A. General Turkish Historiography and Zeki Velidi Togan in Turkey]. In: Ahmet Shimshek (ed.). Türk Tarihçileri. Turkish Historians. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 2016, pp. 103–123 (in Turkish).
23. Koshay H. Zubeyr. Yusuf Akçura [Yusuf Akçura]. Belleten. Vol. 41. No. 162. 1997, pp. 389–401 (in Turkish).
24. Kuran E. Türkiye ’nin Batılılaşması ve Milli Meseleler [The Westernization of Turkey and National Issues]. Ankara: Turkiye Diyanet Vakfi Yayinlari, 2013 (in Turkish).
25. Mardin Sh. Jön Türklerin Siyasi Fikirleri (1895–1908) [Political Ideas of the Young Turks (1895–1908)]. İstanbul: Turkiye İsh Bankasi Kultur Yayinlari, 2008 (in Turkish).
26. Nushirevan Z. Türk Tarihinin Kamlara Taksimine Dair Bir Tercüme-i Kalemiye [A Translation on the Division of Turkish History into Kamlar-i Kalemiye]. Turk Yurdu. No. 83, 25 May 1915, pp. 122–123 (in Turkish).
27. Rafael M. Türkçülüğün Doğuşu ve Gelişimi. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayınları [The Birth and Development of Turkism. Proceedings of the Turkish World Research Foundation]. İstanbul: [w. p.] 1998, pp. 54–55 (in Turkish).
28. Shenoglu K. Yusuf Akçura Kemalizmin İdeoloğu [Yusuf Akçura As the Ideologist of Kemalism]. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayinlari, 2009 (in Turkish).
29. T. Y. Küçük Muhtıra [Brief Memorandum]. Turk Yurdu. No. 2. 24 December 1911, p. 38 (in Turkish).
30. Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları [Outlines of the Turkish History]. İstanbul: Devlet Matbaasi, 1930 (in Turkish).
31. Ulken H. Ziya. Türkiye’de Çağdaş Düşünce Tarihi [History of the Contemporary Thought in Turkey]. İstanbul: Ulken Yayinlari, 1992 (in Turkish).
Orientalistica. 2023; 6: 418-433
The Role of Yusuf Akçura in the Formation of Turkish National Historiography
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-3-418-433Abstract
This article discusses the formation of Yusuf Akçura as a professional historian and one of the founders of the Turkish national historiography in the Republican period. Researchers of his works used to focus on his socio-political activities, educational and public work. His role as one of the first Turkish historiographers, who took seriously the idea of the Turkic origin of the Turkish nation, remains still understudied basically. It is noteworthy that he stood at the foundations of the official concept of national history after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Akçura succeeded to include (pre-)modern history of the Turkic peoples of Eurasia in the Thesis on Turkish History (see: [Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları, 1930]), which became the basis of the official historiography in Republican Turkey. As is known, M. K. Ataturk noticed him and introduced him into the group of the new Turkish political elite charged to formulate the official republican historical and educational discourse in the early 1930s. It was because of Akçura’s works, that history of the Turks began to be studied and taught in Republican Turkey.
References
1. Akçura Y. Ulüm ve Tarih [Sciences and History]. Kazan: Ma‘arif Kutuphanesi, 1906 (in Tatar).
2. Akçura Y. Müverrih Leon Cahun ve Muallim Barthold’a Göre Cengiz Han [The Historian Leon Cahun and the Scholar Bartol’d about Genghis Khan]. Pt. I. Turk Yurdu. No. 1. 30 Kasim 1911, pp. 18–20 (in Turkish).
3. Akçura Y. Müverrih Leon Cahun ve Muallim Barthold’a Göre Cengiz Han [The Historian Leon Cahun and the Scholar Bartol’d about Genghis Khan]. Pt. V. Turk Yurdu. No. 5. 25 January 1912, pp. 82–84 (in Turkish).
4. A[kçura] Y. Türk Tarihinin Devirlere Taksimi [Of the Division of Turkish History into Periods]. Turk Yurdu. No. 82. 6 May 1915, pp. 112–113 (in Turkish).
5. Akçura Y. Tarihi Görüşe Dair [On the Historical Perspective]. Turk Yurdu. No. 166–5, February 1925, pp. 174–177 (in Turkish).
6. Akçura Y. Tarih Yazmak ve Tarih Okutmak. Türk Tarih Kongresi. Pt. I. İstanbul: Matbaacilik ve Neshriyat Turk Anonim Shirketi, 1932, pp. 577–607 [Akçura Y. Writing History and Teaching History. Turkish history congress. 1932;I:577– 607] (in Turkish).
7. Akçura Y. Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset [Three Styles of Politics]. Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari, 1976 (in Turkish).
8. Akçura Y. Türk Yılı 1928 [Turkish Year of 1928]. Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari. Ankara, 2009 (in Turkish).
9. Akçura Y. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Dağılma Devri (XVIII. ve XIX. Yüzyıllarda) [The Period of Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th through the 19th Centuries]. İstanbul: İlgi Kultur Sanat Yayincilik, 2015 (in Turkish).
10. Akçura Y. Muasır Avrupa’da Siyasi ve İçtimai Fikirler ve Fikri Cereyanlar [Political and Social Ideas, and Intellectual Challenges in Contemporary Europe]. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
11. Akçhura Y. Siyaset ve İktisat [Politics and Economics]. Ed. by Erol Kilinch. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
12. Akçura Y. Sürgünden İstanbul’a Darülhilafet Mektupları [Letters of the Caliphate from the Exile to Istanbul]. Ed. by İsmail Turkoglu. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
13. Akçura Y. Türkçülüğün Tarihi [The History of Turkism]. İstanbul: Otuken Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
14. Arikan Z. Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Tarihçilik [Historiography from the Tanzimat to the Republican Periods]. Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Türkiye Ansiklopedisi [Encyclopedia of Turkey from the Tanzimat to the Republic Period]. Pt. 6. İstanbul: İletishim Yayinlari, 1985, p. 1588 (in Turlkish).
15. Berkes N. Türkiye’de Çağdaşlaşma [Modernization of Turkey]. İstanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 2012 (in Turkish).
16. Bicher Ch. Yusuf Akçura’nın Tarihçiliği ve Tarih Öğretimi üzerine görüşleri [Yusuf Akçura’s Views on Historiography and History Teaching]: Unpublished MA Dissertation. Kirklareli universitesi, 2018 (in Turkish).
17. Chalen M. Kaan. II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde İki Farklı Cengiz Han Tasavvuru [Two Different Visions of Genghis Khan During the Constitutional Period]. Modern Türklük Araştırma Dergisi. Vol. 13. No. 4. December 2016, p. 232 (in Turkish).
18. Chalen M. Kaan. Niyazi Berkes’e Göre Yusuf Akçura Neden Unutuldu? [Why Was Yusuf Akçura Forgotten As Niyazi Berkes Suggested?]. Tarih Okulu Dergisi. 2016. Year 9. No. XXVIII, p. 331 (in Turkish).
19. Copeaux E. Türk Tarih Tezinden Türk-İslam Sentezine [From Turkish History Thesis to Turkish-Islamic Synthesis]. Transl. from the French by Ali Berktay. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yayinlari, 2000 (in Turkish).
20. Géorgeon F. Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Kökenleri Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935) [The Origins of Turkish Nationalism: Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935)]. Transl. from the French by Alev Er. Ankara: Yurt Yayinlari, 1986 (in Turkish).
21. Géorgeon F. Osmanlı-Türk Modernleşmesi [Ottoman-Turkish Modernization]. Transl. from the French by Ali Berktay. İstanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 2016 (in Turkish).
22. Kanlidere A. Türkiye’de Genel Türk Tarihçiliği ve Zeki Velidi Togan [Kanlidere A. General Turkish Historiography and Zeki Velidi Togan in Turkey]. In: Ahmet Shimshek (ed.). Türk Tarihçileri. Turkish Historians. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 2016, pp. 103–123 (in Turkish).
23. Koshay H. Zubeyr. Yusuf Akçura [Yusuf Akçura]. Belleten. Vol. 41. No. 162. 1997, pp. 389–401 (in Turkish).
24. Kuran E. Türkiye ’nin Batılılaşması ve Milli Meseleler [The Westernization of Turkey and National Issues]. Ankara: Turkiye Diyanet Vakfi Yayinlari, 2013 (in Turkish).
25. Mardin Sh. Jön Türklerin Siyasi Fikirleri (1895–1908) [Political Ideas of the Young Turks (1895–1908)]. İstanbul: Turkiye İsh Bankasi Kultur Yayinlari, 2008 (in Turkish).
26. Nushirevan Z. Türk Tarihinin Kamlara Taksimine Dair Bir Tercüme-i Kalemiye [A Translation on the Division of Turkish History into Kamlar-i Kalemiye]. Turk Yurdu. No. 83, 25 May 1915, pp. 122–123 (in Turkish).
27. Rafael M. Türkçülüğün Doğuşu ve Gelişimi. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayınları [The Birth and Development of Turkism. Proceedings of the Turkish World Research Foundation]. İstanbul: [w. p.] 1998, pp. 54–55 (in Turkish).
28. Shenoglu K. Yusuf Akçura Kemalizmin İdeoloğu [Yusuf Akçura As the Ideologist of Kemalism]. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayinlari, 2009 (in Turkish).
29. T. Y. Küçük Muhtıra [Brief Memorandum]. Turk Yurdu. No. 2. 24 December 1911, p. 38 (in Turkish).
30. Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları [Outlines of the Turkish History]. İstanbul: Devlet Matbaasi, 1930 (in Turkish).
31. Ulken H. Ziya. Türkiye’de Çağdaş Düşünce Tarihi [History of the Contemporary Thought in Turkey]. İstanbul: Ulken Yayinlari, 1992 (in Turkish).
