Ориенталистика. 2023; 6: 306-345
Способы создания исторических вымыслов в Чахар-макала («Четыре беседы») Низами ‘Арузи Самарканди (сер. VI/XII в.)
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-2-306-345Аннотация
Статья представляет собой часть исследовательского Введения к новому русскому переводу текста Чахар макала («Четыре беседы») Низами ‘Арузи Самарканди, который запланирован к публикации в следующем году в рамках третьей книги из серии Назидательная литература эпохи Салджукидов на персидском языке: Оригиналы и подделки. Статья сфокусирована на текстологическом и литературоведческом анализе иллюстративно-доказательной базы этого текста из более чем 40 занимательных рассказов. По способу создания исторических вымыслов эти рассказы делятся на пять основных категорий: a) авторские небылицы, следующие определённой структуре и добавленные к формально правдоподобной части рассказа; b) авторские вымыслы в полном объёме; c) рассказы, с откуда-то заимствованным событием, но придуманным сюжетом; d) автобиографические воспоминания, которые на невероятном фоне первых трёх категорий выделяются поразительной хронологической точностью; e) заимствования из арабских текстов в авторском переводе.
Список литературы
1. Низами Арузи Самарканди. Собрание редкостей, или Четыре беседы. Пер. с перс. С. И. Баевского и З. Н. Ворожейкиной, под ред. А. Н. Болдырева. М.: ВЛ, 1963.
2. Руми, Джалал ад-дин, Мухаммад. Маснави-йи ма‘нави («Поэма о скрытом смысле»). Первый дафтар (бейты 1–4003). Пер. с перс. О. Ф. Акимушкина, Ю. А. Иоаннесяна, Б. В. Норика, А. А. Хисматулина, О. М. Ястребовой / Общ., науч. ред. и указ. А. А. Хисматулина. СПб.: Петербургское Востоковедение, 2007.
3. Та’рих-и Систан. Пер. с перс. Л. П. Смирновой. М.: ГРВЛ, 1974.
4. A bbas, 1989 — Abbas I. Buran. Encyclopædia Iranica (henceforth — EIr), online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/buran-middle-pers (accessed: 01.08.2023).
5. Arist. Poet. — Aristotle. Aristotle in 23 Volumes. Vol. 23, Tr. by W. H. Fyfe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1932.
6. Al-Biruni, Abu al-Rayhan. Al-Athar al-baqiyya ‘an al-qurun al-khaliyya. Ed. Edua rd Sachau. Leipzig: Harrasso witz, 1923.
7. Bosworth, 1984 (1) — Bosworth C. E. Al-e Mohtaj. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-mohtaj-a-local-dynasty (accessed: 01.08.2023).
8. Bosworth, 1984 (2) — Bosworth C. E. ‘Ala’-al-din Hosayn Jahansuz. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ala-al-din-hosayn-b (accessed: 01.08.2023).
9. Bosworth, 2001 — Bosworth C. E. Ghurids. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ghurids#prettyPhoto (accessed: 01.08.2023).
10. Bosworth, 2010 (1) — Bosworth C. E. Ḵalaf b. Ahmad. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kalaf-b-ahmad-b-mohammad-abu-ahmad (accessed: 01.08.2023).
11. Bosworth, 2010 (2) — Bosworth C. E. Menhaj-e seraj. EIr, online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/menhaj-seraj (accessed: 01.08.2023).
12. Bosworth, 2010 (3) — Bosworth C. E. Tabaqat-e naseri. EIr, online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tabaqat-naseri (accessed: 01.08.2023).
13. Heravi J. Ruykardi taza wa mutafawit bar hikayat-i Bu-yi ju-yi Muliyan (naqdi bar manabi‘ adabi wa tarikhi-yi ‘asr-i samaniyan). Pazhuhish-nama-yi tarikh, 4(15):1388/2009, 201–218; at: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1596695493-10248-89-8.pdf (accessed: 01.08.2023).
14. Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a. ‘Uyun al-anba’ fi tabaqat al-atibba’. Ed. Nizar Riza. Beirut: Dar maktabat al-hayat, 1385/1965.
15. Ibn al-Athir. Kitab al-Jami‘ al-kabir fi sina‘at al-manzum min al-kalam wa-l-manthur. Ed. Mustafa Jawad & Jamil Sa‘id. Matba‘at al-majm‘a al-‘ilmi al-‘iraqi, 1375/1956.
16. Ibn Sina. Al-Qanun fi-l-tibb. Beirut: Dar ihya’ al-turath al-‘arabi, 1426/2005, 4 vls.
17. Ibn Sina. Al-Mabda’ wa-l-ma‘ad. Ed. by ‘Abd Allah Nurani. Tehran: Mu’asassa-yi mutala‘at-i islami, 1363/1984.
18. Ibn Sina. Al-Najat min al-gharq fi bahr al-dalalat. Ed. M.-T. Danishpazhuh. Tehran: Danishgah-i Tehran, 1364/1985.
19. Jurjani Isma‘il. Dhakhira-yi khwarazmshahi. Ed. Muhammad-Riza Muharriri. The Academy of medical sciences, 1382/2003.
20. Khaleghi-Motlagh, 1999 — Khaleghi-Motlagh Dj. Ferdowsi ii. Hajw-nama. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ferdowsi-ii (accessed: 01.08.2023).
21. Khalifa, ‘Ali Muhammad al-sayyid. Fann al-nadira ‘inda al-Jahiz. Al-Iskandariya: Dar al-wafa’ li-dunya al-taba‘a wa-l-nashr, n/d.
22. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. Tarikh Baghdad aw Madinat al-salam. Ed. Bashshar ‘Awwad Ma‘ruf. Beirut: Dar al-gharb al-islami, 1422/2002, in 16 vls.
23. Madelung, 1984 — Madelung W. Al-e Bavand. EIr, online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-bavand (accessed: 01.08.2023).
24. Minuwi M. Barrasiha-yi dar bara-yi Abu Rayh an Biruni ba munasabat-i hazara-yi wiladat-i u. Tehran, 1352/1973.
25. Minuwi M. Firdawsi wa shi‘r-i u. Tehran: Tus, 1372/1993.
26. Nizami ‘Aruzi Samarqandi. Kulliyyat-i Chahar maqala. Ed. M. Qazwini. Tehran: Intisharat-i ‘ishraqi, 1327/1909.
27. Omidsalar, 2016 — Omidsalar M. Qazvini, Mohammad. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/qazvini-mohammad (accessed: 01.08.2023).
28. Al-Safadi, Salah al-din. Kitab al-Wafi bi-l-wafayat. Ed. Ahmad al-Arna’ut and Turki Mustafa. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-turath al-‘arabi, 1420/2000, in 29 vls.
29. Sajjadi S. Al-e Bawand. Dairat al-ma‘arif-i buzurg-i islami, online edn.: https://lib.eshia.ir/12293/4/1396 (accessed: 01.08.2023).
30. Shafagh I. Qasida-yi Bu-yi ju-yi Muliyan dar Nishapur suruda shuda ast na Harat. Pazhuhishha-yi zaban wa adabiyat-i farsi, 3(2):1390/2011, 53–62; at: https://rpll.ui.ac.ir/article_19250.html (accessed: 01.08.2023).
31. Al-Tabarsi, al-Fadl b. al-Hasan. Majma‘ al-bayan fi tafsir al-Quran. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-a‘lami li-l-matbu‘at, 1415/1995.
32. Tarikh-i Sistan, ed. Malik-al-shu‘ara Bahar. Tehran: Kulala-yi Khavar, 1314/1935
33. Al-Tha‘alibi, Abu Mansur. Al-I‘jaz wa-l-ijaz. Dimashq: Dar al-basha’ir, 1422/2001.
34. Al-Tha‘alibi, Abu Mansur. Al-Lata’if wa-l-zara’if. Beirut: Dar al-manahil, 1430/2009.
35. Al-Tha‘alibi, Abu Mansur. Thimar al-qulub fi-l-mudaf wa-l-mansub Ed. Muhammad Abu-l-Fadl Ibrahim. Al-Qahira: Dar al-ma‘arif, 1384/1965.
36. Tor, 2000 — Tor D. Sanjar, Ahmad b. Malikšah. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/sanjar (accessed: 01.08.2023).
Orientalistica. 2023; 6: 306-345
The ways of creating historical fiction stories in the Chahar maqala (“Four Discourses”) by Nizami ‘Aruzi Samarqandi (the mid-6/12th cent.)
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2023-6-2-306-345Abstract
The article is a part of the research introduction to the new Russian translation of the Chahar maqala (“Four Discourses”) by Nizami ‘Aruzi Samarqandi, scheduled for publication next year as part of the third book in the series The Persian Mirrors for Princes Written in the Saljuq Period: Originals and Fabrications. This article is focused on the textual and literary analysis of the text illustrative and evidentiary base consisting of over 40 entertaining stories. According to the way of creating historical fiction, these stories are divided into five main categories: a) author’s fictions, following a certain structure and added to the formally plausible part of a story; b) author’s concoctions from beginning to end; c) the stories with an event borrowed from somewhere, but provided with an invented plot; d) the autobiographical memories, which stand out with amazing chronological accuracy against the unbelievable background of the first three categories; e) the borrowings from Arabic texts in the author’s translation.
References
1. Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi. Sobranie redkostei, ili Chetyre besedy. Per. s pers. S. I. Baevskogo i Z. N. Vorozheikinoi, pod red. A. N. Boldyreva. M.: VL, 1963.
2. Rumi, Dzhalal ad-din, Mukhammad. Masnavi-ii ma‘navi («Poema o skrytom smysle»). Pervyi daftar (beity 1–4003). Per. s pers. O. F. Akimushkina, Yu. A. Ioannesyana, B. V. Norika, A. A. Khismatulina, O. M. Yastrebovoi / Obshch., nauch. red. i ukaz. A. A. Khismatulina. SPb.: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2007.
3. Ta’rikh-i Sistan. Per. s pers. L. P. Smirnovoi. M.: GRVL, 1974.
4. A bbas, 1989 — Abbas I. Buran. Encyclopædia Iranica (henceforth — EIr), online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/buran-middle-pers (accessed: 01.08.2023).
5. Arist. Poet. — Aristotle. Aristotle in 23 Volumes. Vol. 23, Tr. by W. H. Fyfe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1932.
6. Al-Biruni, Abu al-Rayhan. Al-Athar al-baqiyya ‘an al-qurun al-khaliyya. Ed. Edua rd Sachau. Leipzig: Harrasso witz, 1923.
7. Bosworth, 1984 (1) — Bosworth C. E. Al-e Mohtaj. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-mohtaj-a-local-dynasty (accessed: 01.08.2023).
8. Bosworth, 1984 (2) — Bosworth C. E. ‘Ala’-al-din Hosayn Jahansuz. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ala-al-din-hosayn-b (accessed: 01.08.2023).
9. Bosworth, 2001 — Bosworth C. E. Ghurids. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ghurids#prettyPhoto (accessed: 01.08.2023).
10. Bosworth, 2010 (1) — Bosworth C. E. Ḵalaf b. Ahmad. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kalaf-b-ahmad-b-mohammad-abu-ahmad (accessed: 01.08.2023).
11. Bosworth, 2010 (2) — Bosworth C. E. Menhaj-e seraj. EIr, online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/menhaj-seraj (accessed: 01.08.2023).
12. Bosworth, 2010 (3) — Bosworth C. E. Tabaqat-e naseri. EIr, online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tabaqat-naseri (accessed: 01.08.2023).
13. Heravi J. Ruykardi taza wa mutafawit bar hikayat-i Bu-yi ju-yi Muliyan (naqdi bar manabi‘ adabi wa tarikhi-yi ‘asr-i samaniyan). Pazhuhish-nama-yi tarikh, 4(15):1388/2009, 201–218; at: https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1596695493-10248-89-8.pdf (accessed: 01.08.2023).
14. Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a. ‘Uyun al-anba’ fi tabaqat al-atibba’. Ed. Nizar Riza. Beirut: Dar maktabat al-hayat, 1385/1965.
15. Ibn al-Athir. Kitab al-Jami‘ al-kabir fi sina‘at al-manzum min al-kalam wa-l-manthur. Ed. Mustafa Jawad & Jamil Sa‘id. Matba‘at al-majm‘a al-‘ilmi al-‘iraqi, 1375/1956.
16. Ibn Sina. Al-Qanun fi-l-tibb. Beirut: Dar ihya’ al-turath al-‘arabi, 1426/2005, 4 vls.
17. Ibn Sina. Al-Mabda’ wa-l-ma‘ad. Ed. by ‘Abd Allah Nurani. Tehran: Mu’asassa-yi mutala‘at-i islami, 1363/1984.
18. Ibn Sina. Al-Najat min al-gharq fi bahr al-dalalat. Ed. M.-T. Danishpazhuh. Tehran: Danishgah-i Tehran, 1364/1985.
19. Jurjani Isma‘il. Dhakhira-yi khwarazmshahi. Ed. Muhammad-Riza Muharriri. The Academy of medical sciences, 1382/2003.
20. Khaleghi-Motlagh, 1999 — Khaleghi-Motlagh Dj. Ferdowsi ii. Hajw-nama. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ferdowsi-ii (accessed: 01.08.2023).
21. Khalifa, ‘Ali Muhammad al-sayyid. Fann al-nadira ‘inda al-Jahiz. Al-Iskandariya: Dar al-wafa’ li-dunya al-taba‘a wa-l-nashr, n/d.
22. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. Tarikh Baghdad aw Madinat al-salam. Ed. Bashshar ‘Awwad Ma‘ruf. Beirut: Dar al-gharb al-islami, 1422/2002, in 16 vls.
23. Madelung, 1984 — Madelung W. Al-e Bavand. EIr, online edn.: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-bavand (accessed: 01.08.2023).
24. Minuwi M. Barrasiha-yi dar bara-yi Abu Rayh an Biruni ba munasabat-i hazara-yi wiladat-i u. Tehran, 1352/1973.
25. Minuwi M. Firdawsi wa shi‘r-i u. Tehran: Tus, 1372/1993.
26. Nizami ‘Aruzi Samarqandi. Kulliyyat-i Chahar maqala. Ed. M. Qazwini. Tehran: Intisharat-i ‘ishraqi, 1327/1909.
27. Omidsalar, 2016 — Omidsalar M. Qazvini, Mohammad. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/qazvini-mohammad (accessed: 01.08.2023).
28. Al-Safadi, Salah al-din. Kitab al-Wafi bi-l-wafayat. Ed. Ahmad al-Arna’ut and Turki Mustafa. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-turath al-‘arabi, 1420/2000, in 29 vls.
29. Sajjadi S. Al-e Bawand. Dairat al-ma‘arif-i buzurg-i islami, online edn.: https://lib.eshia.ir/12293/4/1396 (accessed: 01.08.2023).
30. Shafagh I. Qasida-yi Bu-yi ju-yi Muliyan dar Nishapur suruda shuda ast na Harat. Pazhuhishha-yi zaban wa adabiyat-i farsi, 3(2):1390/2011, 53–62; at: https://rpll.ui.ac.ir/article_19250.html (accessed: 01.08.2023).
31. Al-Tabarsi, al-Fadl b. al-Hasan. Majma‘ al-bayan fi tafsir al-Quran. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-a‘lami li-l-matbu‘at, 1415/1995.
32. Tarikh-i Sistan, ed. Malik-al-shu‘ara Bahar. Tehran: Kulala-yi Khavar, 1314/1935
33. Al-Tha‘alibi, Abu Mansur. Al-I‘jaz wa-l-ijaz. Dimashq: Dar al-basha’ir, 1422/2001.
34. Al-Tha‘alibi, Abu Mansur. Al-Lata’if wa-l-zara’if. Beirut: Dar al-manahil, 1430/2009.
35. Al-Tha‘alibi, Abu Mansur. Thimar al-qulub fi-l-mudaf wa-l-mansub Ed. Muhammad Abu-l-Fadl Ibrahim. Al-Qahira: Dar al-ma‘arif, 1384/1965.
36. Tor, 2000 — Tor D. Sanjar, Ahmad b. Malikšah. EIr, online edn.: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/sanjar (accessed: 01.08.2023).
