Ориенталистика. 2021; 4: 190-211
Николас Белфилд Деннис как пионер сравнительного изучения китайского фольклора
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-1-190-211Аннотация
Начало научному изучению китайского фольклора было положено в середине XIX в. европейцами, знакомыми с актуальными трудами в этой сфере и получившими доступ к полевым, архивным и книжным источникам в разных районах Китая. В числе первых людей, обратившихся к таким исследованиям, был британский журналист и дипломат Н. Б. Деннис (Dennys, Nicholas Belfield, 1839–1900). В 1876 г. вышла его книга «Фольклор Китая и его родство с фольклором арийской и семитской рас». Целью автора было рассмотрение китайского фольклора в мировом контексте, для ее достижения он составил первый простейший указатель сюжетов и мотивов китайского фольклора. Сами китайцы занялись академическими исследованиями своего фольклора несколькими десятилетиями позже, во многом опираясь на наработки европейских предшественников. В 1920-е гг. они познакомились с книгой Денниса, но влияние она оказала небольшое: материал по большей части не был нов для исследователей в Китае, метод, использованный для составления указателя, стал им известен раньше, а сравнительные исследования в регионе в это время находились в зачаточном состоянии. На Западе же вплоть до середины XXв. к книге Денниса часто обращались в поисках китайского материала для сравнительных исследований. Тем не менее ряд находок автора так и не был освоен. Остается недостаточно проясненным и место его работы в истории сравнительного изучения китайского фольклора. В настоящей статье дана характеристика контекста, в котором появился «Фольклор Китая», рассмотрены методологические предпосылки автора, а также роль его находок в дальнейшем развитии фольклористики.
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Orientalistica. 2021; 4: 190-211
Nicholas Belfield Dennys as a pioneer in the comparative study of Chinese folklore
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-1-190-211Abstract
The scholarly study of Chinese folklore began in the middle of the 19th century. Pioneering research had been conducted by Europeans, who were familiar with current works in this area and gained access to the field, archival and book sources in different regions of China. Among the first people who embarked on the study of Chinese folklore was a British journalist and diplomat Nicholas Belfield Dennys. In 1876, he published the monography of Chinese folklore studies: “The folk-lore of China, and its affinities with that of the Aryan and Semitic races”. His goal was to view Chinese folklore in a global context; for its implementation, he compiled the first elementary index of plots and motifs of Chinese folklore. The Chinese themselves commenced the academic study of the folklore of China several decades later, relying largely on the developments of their European predecessors. In the 1920s, the book by Dennys became known in China, however, it had little impact on Chinese folklore studies for the reasons as follows. The data the book comprised was for the most part not new to researchers in China, the method used to compile the index was known to them earlier, and comparative studies in the region were in their cradle at this time. In the West, up to the middle of the 20th century, Dennys’ book was often consulted in search of comparative Chinese material. Nevertheless, some of the author’s finds have never received further developed. The place of this work in the history of the comparative study of Chinese folklore also remained rather uncertain. This article describes the context in which “The Folk-Lore of China” appeared, examines the author’s methodological premises, as well as the role of his findings in the further development of folklore studies.
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