Ориенталистика. 2021; 4: 150-189
Связь Фустат ал-‘адала с Сийар ал-мулук: текстологический анализ
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-1-150-189Аннотация
Бюрократическая система Великих Салджуков (431–552/1040–1157) достигла апогея своего развития в связи с обширными завоеваниями и необходимостью эффективно управлять завоёванными территориями. Эта система сохранилась у их анатолийских преемников (ок. 483–707/1081–1308) вместе со способами продвижения по административной карьерной лестнице. Наряду с наследственной преемственностью при государственных назначениях создание литературных подделок, скрытый плагиат и преднамеренное редактирование чужих текстов ради получения высокой должности при дворе Салджукидов занимали среди этих способов не последнее место. Эти способы ярко характеризуют как жанр административной литературы, так и работавших в нём авторов, а структура и содержание их компиляций в данном жанре напрямую зависели от вакансий, на которые они претендовали.
Фустат ал-‘адала органично вписывается в ряд других текстов, созданных в жанре административной литературы в эпоху Салджукидов. Как показал текстологический анализ, проведённый в данной статье, компилятор Фустат ал- ‘адала прибегнул к скрытому плагиату объёмных фрагментов из разножанровых источников, а также – к их преднамеренному редактированию с целью получить должность при дворе Музаффар ал-дина б. Алп Йурака (ум. 691/1292) – военачальника и правителя бейлика Чубанидов с административным центром в Кастамону. Одним из базовых источников для этой компиляции послужила первая редакция Сийар ал-мулук / Сийасат-нама, которая была сфабрикована Амиром Му‘иззи приблизительно за 185 лет до того и приписана им Низам ал-мулку с той же целью – получить высокую должность при дворе Салджукидов.
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Orientalistica. 2021; 4: 150-189
The Fustat al-‘adala’s relation to the Siyar al-muluk: textual analysis
https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-1-150-189Abstract
The bureaucratic system of the Great Saljuqs (431–552/1040–1157) reached the apogee of its development in connection with extensive conquests and the need to effectively manage the conquered territories. This system was later preserved by their Anatolian successors (c. 483–707/1081–1308), along with the methods of climbing the administrative career ladder. Along with the hereditary succession in government appointments, the making of literary forgeries, hidden plagiarism and the deliberate editing of texts written by other people occupied not the last place among these methods in order to obtain a high position at the Saljuqid сourt. These methods clearly characterize both the genre of administrative literature and the authors who worked in it. The structure and content of their compilations in this genre directly depended on the vacancies they applied for.
The Fustat al-‘adala organically fits into a number of other texts written in the genre of administrative literature in the Saljuqid era. As shown by the textual analysis in this article, the Fustat al-‘adala’s compiler resorted to hidden plagiarism of voluminous fragments from sources of different genres, as well as to their deliberate editing in order to get a position at the сourt of Muzaffar al-din b. Alp Yurak (d. 691/1292) who was the military commander and ruler of the Chobanids beylik with its administrative center in Kastamonu.
One of the basic sources for this compilation was the first redaction of the Siyar al-muluk (Siyasat-nama), which was fabricated by Amir Mu‘izzi about 185 years before and ascribed by him to Nizam al-mulk also with the aim of obtaining a high position at the Saljuqid сourt.
References
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26. Simidchieva, Marta. Kingship and Legitimacy in Nizam al-Mulk’s Siyasatnama, Fifth/Eleventh Century. In: Beatrice Gruendler & Louise Marlow (eds.). Writers and Rulers, Perspective on Their Relationship from Abbasid to Safavid Times. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag; 2004. P. 97–131; available at: https://yorku.academia.edu/MartaSimidchieva
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