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Альманах клинической медицины. 2015; : 48-57

СОКРАЩЕННЫЙ КУРС «ТРОЙНОЙ» ПРОТИВОВИРУСНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ С ТЕЛАПРЕВИРОМ: ПРИНЦИПЫ ОТБОРА ПАЦИЕНТОВ

Богомолов П. О., Мациевич М. В., Кокина К. Ю., Кузьмина О. С., Коблов С. В., Воронкова Н. В., Петраченкова Е. Ю., Буеверов А. О., Уварова О. В., Федосова Е. В., Трофимова М. Н., Безносенко В. Д., Кудрявцева Е. Н., Кондратенко Е. М., Горбунова Л. С., Шилкина И. М., Шешукова Т. Н., Ковалев И. Н., Садовская Г. В., Кошелева Н. В., Гумерова Ю. Ю,, Азарова И. Н., Иванникова С. В., Черенкова Е. Н., Горшилина Н. А., Самсонян М. Л., Синицына В. А., Киян С. И., Кудря О. А., Чернявская Г. Г.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2015-40-48-57

Аннотация

Актуальность. Наступление новой эры препаратов прямого противовирусного действия диктует свои правила – достижение максимальной эффективности при наименьшей продолжительности курса лечения. Предположительно, выровнять шансы на излечение при применении первых представителей этой группы препаратов – аналогично безинтерфероновым схемам противовирусной терапии – позволит персонифицированный подход к их назначению.
Цель – определить наиболее значимые параметры, позволяющие прогнозировать наибольшую эффективность противовирусной терапии в «тройном» режиме с длительностью курса 12 недель у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С 1-го генотипа.
Материал и методы. В исследование включены 204 пациента с хроническим гепатитом С 1-го генотипа на начальных стадиях заболевания печени (F0–F2 по шкале METAVIR), ранее не получавших лечение или с рецидивом после предшествующего курса стандартной противовирусной терапии. На скрининге каждому пациенту помимо спектра необходимых лабораторно-инструментальных исследований проводилось определение полиморфизма IL28B, в процессе лечения изучали вирусную кинетику ультрачувствительным методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) (аналитическая чувствительность – 12 МЕ/мл). Условием сокращения курса «тройной» противовирусной терапии (пегилированный интерферон α2а, рибавирин, телапревир) до 12 недель было достижение быстрого вирусологического ответа. Остальные пациенты продолжали лечение в соответствии с рекомендованными сроками.
Результаты. Полный быстрый вирусологический ответ был достигнут у 174 пациентов, для которых курс противовирусной терапии в «тройном» режиме составил 12 недель. По итогам лечения 81,6% больных достигли устойчивого вирусологического ответа через 12 недель периода наблюдения. По требованиям протокола 25 пациентов с наличием неполного быстрого вирусологического ответа продолжили стандартную противовирусную терапию на протяжении еще 12 недель. У лиц, достигших быстрого вирусологического ответа, выявлено наличие зависимости между генотипом СС IL28B в позиции rs12979860 и сохранением авиремии через 12 недель после окончания противовирусной терапии (r = 0,38, p < 0,001). У всех пациентов с подобными характеристиками был зафиксирован устойчивый вирусологический ответ через 12 недель периода наблюдения.
Мониторируемая вирусная кинетика через 14 суток противовирусной терапии не сыграла роли в оценке шансов на успех лечения. Предварительные результаты укороченного до 12 недель курса «тройной» противовирусной терапии с использованием телапревира позволили определить наиболее значимые параметры, позволяющие достигнуть 100% эффективности – авиремии через 12 недель после окончания противовирусной терапии.
Заключение. Двенадцатинедельный курс «тройной» комбинированной терапии с телапревиром является оптимальным для достижения устойчивого вирусологического ответа через 12 недель после окончания противовирусной терапии у ранее не леченных пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С 1-го генотипа или рецидивом после предшествующего стандартного курса противовирусной терапии, генотипом СС IL28B на начальных стадиях заболевания печени при условии достижения полного быстрого вирусологического ответа, зарегистрированного высокочувствительным методом ПЦР.

Список литературы

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Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2015; : 48-57

A SHORT COURSE OF TRIPLE TELAPREVIR-BASED ANTIVIRAL THERAPY: THE PRINCIPLES OF PATIENTS SELECTION

Bogomolov P. O., Matsievich M. V., Kokina K. Yu., Kuz'mina O. S., Koblov S. V., Voronkova N. V., Petrachenkova M. Yu., Bueverov A. O., Uvarova O. V., Fedosova E. V., Trofimova M. N., Beznosenko V. D., Kudryavtseva E. N., Kondratenko E. M., Gorbunova L. S., Shilkina I. M., Sheshukova T. N., Kovalev I. N., Sadovskaya G. V., Kosheleva N. V., Gumerova Yu. Yu., Azarova I. N., Ivannikova S. V., Cherenkova E. N., Gorshilina N. A., Samsonyan M. L., Sinitsyna V. A., Kiyan S. I., Kudrya O. A., Chernyavskaya G. G.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2015-40-48-57

Abstract

Background: The beginning of a new era of direct acting antivirals sets up its own rules, that is, to achieve the highest efficacy with the shortest duration of treatment. It is assumed that the use of the first generation of direct acting antivirals, similarly to interferon-free regimens, would allow for personalization of approaches to their prescriptions.
Aim: To identify the most important parameters that can predict the greatest efficacy of triple antiviral therapy of 12 week duration in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1.
Materials and methods: The study included 204 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 at an early stage of liver disease (METAVIR score F0-F2), who were either treatment-naive or had a history of relapse after standard of care antiviral therapy. In addition to routine work-up, all patients were screened for IL28B polymorphism; in the course of the treatment viral kinetics was assessed by an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (with lower limit of quantification of 12 IU/ml). Duration of the triple therapy (pegylated interferon-α2a, ribavirin and telaprevir) was reduced to 12 weeks if a rapid virological response was achieved; otherwise the patients continued their treatment in according with guidelines.
Results: A complete rapid virological response was achieved in 174 patients (81.6%), in whom the duration of triple therapy was 12 weeks. According to the protocol, 25 patients with a partial rapid virological response continued their standard antiviral therapy for 12 weeks more. In those who achieved a rapid virological response, there was an association between IL28B-CC genotype at rs12979860 and maintenance of zero viremia at 12 weeks after termination of antiviral therapy (r = 0.38, p < 0.001). In all such patients there was a stable virological response at 12 weeks of the follow-up. Monitoring of viral load after 14 days of antiviral treatment was not predictive of its success. The preliminary results of a shortened (12 week) course of triple telaprevir-based viral therapy allowed to identify the most significant parameters of 100% efficacy, i.e., absence of the virus in blood at 12 weeks after termination of antiviral therapy.
Conclusion: A 12 week course of triple telaprevir-based combination therapy is an optimal regimen for achievement of a stable virological response after 12 weeks of the follow-up in treatment-naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 or with a relapse after previous conventional antiviral treatment, who have IL28B – CC polymorphism, are at an early stage of liver disease and who achieve a rapid complete virological response confirmed by a highly sensitive PCR.

References

1. Marinho RT, Barreira DP. Hepatitis C, stigma and cure. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(40):6703– 9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6703.

2. Gomez EV, Rodriguez YS, Bertot LC, Gonzalez AT, Perez YM, Soler EA, Garcia AY, Blanco LP. The natural history of compensated HCV-related cirrhosis: a prospective long-term study. J Hepatol. 2013;58(3):434–44. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.10.023.

3. Li DK, Chung RT. Impact of hepatitis C virus eradication on hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Cancer. 2015. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29528. [Epub ahead of print].

4. Scheel TK, Rice CM. Understanding the hepatitis C virus life cycle paves the way for highly effective therapies. Nat Med. 2013;19(7):837–49. doi: 10.1038/nm.3248.

5. Tapper EB, Afdhal NH. Is 3 the new 1: perspectives on virology, natural history and treatment for hepatitis C genotype 3. J Viral Hepat. 2013;20(10):669–77. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12168.

6. McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML, Muir AJ, Galler GW, McCone J, Nyberg LM, Lee WM, Ghalib RH, Schiff ER, Galati JS, Bacon BR, Davis MN, Mukhopadhyay P, Koury K, Noviello S, Pedicone LD, Brass CA, Albrecht JK, Sulkowski MS; IDEAL Study Team. Peginterferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(6):580–93. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808010.

7. Sherman KE, Flamm SL, Afdhal NH, Nelson DR, Sulkowski MS, Everson GT, Fried MW, Adler M, Reesink HW, Martin M, Sankoh AJ, Adda N, Kauffman RS, George S, Wright CI, Poordad F; ILLUMINATE Study Team. Response-guided telaprevir combination treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(11):1014–24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014463.

8. Jacobson IM, McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, Di Bisceglie AM, Reddy KR, Bzowej NH, Marcellin P, Muir AJ, Ferenci P, Flisiak R, George J, Rizzetto M, Shouval D, Sola R, Terg RA, Yoshida EM, Adda N, Bengtsson L, Sankoh AJ, Kieffer TL, George S, Kauffman RS, Zeuzem S; ADVANCE Study Team. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infec- tion. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2405–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1012912.

9. Poordad F, McCone J Jr, Bacon BR, Bruno S, Manns MP, Sulkowski MS, Jacobson IM, Reddy KR, Goodman ZD, Boparai N, DiNubile MJ, Sniukiene V, Brass CA, Albrecht JK, Bronowicki JP; SPRINT-2 Investigators. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(13):1195–206. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010494.

10. Bacon BR, Gordon SC, Lawitz E, Marcellin P, Vierling JM, Zeuzem S, Poordad F, Goodman ZD, Sings HL, Boparai N, Burroughs M, Brass CA, Albrecht JK, Esteban R; HCV RESPOND-2 Investigators. Boceprevir for previously treated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(13):1207–17. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1009482.

11. Zeuzem S, Andreone P, Pol S, Lawitz E, Diago M, Roberts S, Focaccia R, Younossi Z, Foster GR, Horban A, Ferenci P, Nevens F, Müllhaupt B, Pockros P, Terg R, Shouval D, van Hoek B, Weiland O, Van Heeswijk R, De Meyer S, Luo D, Boogaerts G, Polo R, Picchio G, Beumont M; REALIZE Study Team. Telaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2417–28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1013086.

12. European Association for Study of Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;60(2):392–420. doi: 10.1016/j. jhep.2013.11.003.

13. Poordad F, Dieterich D. Treating hepatitis C: current standard of care and emerging direct-acting antiviral agents. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19(7):449–64. doi: 10.1111/j.13652893.2012.01617.x.

14. Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M, Kurosaki M, Matsuura K, Sakamoto N, Nakagawa M, Korenaga M, Hino K, Hige S, Ito Y, Mita E, Tanaka E, Mochida S, Murawaki Y, Honda M, Sakai A, Hiasa Y, Nishiguchi S, Koike A, Sakaida I, Imamura M, Ito K, Yano K, Masaki N, Sugauchi F, Izumi N, Tokunaga K, Mizokami M. Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet. 2009;41(10):1105–9. doi: 10.1038/ng.449.

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