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Альманах клинической медицины. 2016; 44: 606-612

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СЫВОРОТОЧНЫХ УРОВНЕЙ ИНТЕРЛЕЙКИНА-16 И ФАКТОРА РОСТА ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ СОСУДОВ С УЧЕТОМ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ И ОТДАЛЕННЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ОПУХОЛЯМИ КОСТЕЙ

Бабкина И. В., Алферов А. А., Бондарев А. В., Щупак М. Ю., Кузнецов И. Н., Булычева И. В., Соловьев Ю. Н., Алиев М. Д., Кушлинский Н. Е.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-5-606-612

Аннотация

Актуальность. Прогресс в лечении онкологических заболеваний, включая злокачественные опухоли костей, связывают с  достижениями молекулярной биологии. На основании результатов ряда исследований в  лечении сарком костей стали использовать препараты целенаправленного действия (таргетная терапия), в  том числе антиангиогенные, в  частности бевацизумаб. Он ингибирует связывание ключевого активатора неоангиогенеза фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF) с его рецепторами 1-го и 2-го типа (Flt-1 и KDR) на поверхности эндотелиальных клеток, что приводит к снижению васкуляризации и  угнетению роста опухоли. Наряду с  VEGF выделены другие активаторы неоангиогенеза, среди которых интерлейкин  16 (IL-16). Цель  – сравнительное изучение исходных уровней IL-16 и  VEGF в сыворотке крови больных злокачественными, пограничными и  доброкачественными новообразованиями костей. Материал и  методы. Иммуноферментным методом проведено сравнительное исследование содержания IL-16 (реактивы “Biosource”, США) и  VEGF (реактивы “R&D”, США) в сыворотке крови 138 больных опухолями костей: доброкачественными (n=10), по- граничными – гигантоклеточная опухоль кости (n=22), злокачественными (n=106) в  возрасте от 14 до 50  лет до начала специфического лечения. Злокачественные новообразования были представлены остеосаркомой (n=45; типичная – в 35 наблюдениях, паростальная – 6, периостальная – 4), хондросаркомой (n=24), саркомой Юинга (n=27), недифференцированной плеоморфной саркомой (n=7) и хордомой (n=3). Результаты. Частота выявления IL-16 в сыворотке крови у 138 больных при новообразованиях костей составила 93%, достоверных различий в  уровнях IL-16 с  учетом гистологического строения опухоли не выявлено. Взаимосвязи между размером первичной опухоли и  содержанием IL-16 в сыворотке крови не обнаружено. Общая 3- и 5-летняя выживаемость больных злокачественными опухолями костей при содержании IL-16 в  сыворотке крови более 33 пг/мл была значительно ниже, чем у пациентов с  уровнями IL-16 33  пг/мл и  ниже. При остеосаркоме общая 5-летняя выживаемость среди пациентов с  высоким содержанием IL-16 в  сыворотке крови была в 1,6 раза, при саркоме Юинга в 1,7, при хондросаркоме в  1,8  раза ниже, чем у  пациентов с  содержанием IL-16 в  сыворотке крови 33  пг/мл и  менее. При саркомах костей уровни VEGF были значительно выше, чем при пограничных и  доброкачественных новообразованиях, статистический анализ не выявил достоверных различий в  уровнях VEGF с  учетом гистологического строения первичной опухоли. Максимальные показатели VEGF отмечены при периостальной остеосаркоме, минимальные  – при паростальной остеосаркоме. При содержании VEGF в сыворотке крови выше среднего по группе (> 493 пг/мл) общая 3- и 5-летняя выживаемость у  пациентов со злокачественными опухолями костей была выше, чем при низких уровнях этого показателя. Такие же результаты получены и  при остеосаркоме, тогда как при саркоме Юинга и  хондросаркоме высо- кие показатели 3- и 5-летней выживаемости отмечены у  пациентов с  содержанием VEGF в  сыворотке крови менее 493  пг/мл. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что экспрессия IL-16 и VEGF может иметь связь с патогенетическими изменениями, сопряженными с ростом и метастазированием сарком костей, и может служить предметом дальнейших исследований по определению уровня этих показателей и их значения в  прогнозе злокачественных новообразований костей. 

Список литературы

1. Rossi B, Schinzari G, Maccauro G, Scaramuzzo L, Signorelli D, Rosa MA, Fabbriciani C, Carlo B. Neoadjuvant multidrug chemotherapy including high-dose methotrexate modifies VEGF expression in osteosarcoma: an immunohisto-chemical analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:34. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-34.

2. Qu Y, Xu J, Jiang T, Zhao H, Gao Y, Zheng C, Shi X. Difference in pre- and postchemo-therapy vascular endothelial growth factor levels as a prognostic indicator in osteosar-coma. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(4): 1474–82. doi: 10.1177/147323001103900436.

3. Lammli J, Fan M, Rosenthal HG, Patni M, Rine-hart E, Vergara G, Ablah E, Wooley PH, Lucas G, Yang SY. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor correlates with the advance of clinical osteosarcoma. Int Orthop. 2012;36(11): 2307–13. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1629-z.

4. Fox E, Aplenc R, Bagatell R, Chuk MK, Dombi E, Goodspeed W, Goodwin A, Kromplewski M, Jayaprakash N, Marotti M, Brown KH, Wenrich B, Adamson PC, Widemann BC, Balis FM. A phase 1 trial and pharmacokinetic study of cediranib, an orally bioavailable pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, in children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(35): 5174–81. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.9674.

5. Dubois SG, Shusterman S, Ingle AM, Ahern CH, Reid JM, Wu B, Baruchel S, Glade-Bender J, Ivy P, Grier HE, Adamson PC, Blaney SM. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group study. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(15): 5113–22. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0237.

6. Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Roberts T, Voss SD, Wu B, Ahern CH, Ingle AM, Harris P, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(24): 3034–43. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.0914.

7. Versleijen-Jonkers YM, Vlenterie M, van de Luijtgaarden AC, van der Graaf WT. Anti-angiogenic therapy, a new player in the field of sarcoma treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2014;91(2): 172–85. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.02.001.

8. Baptista AM, Camargo AF, Filippi RZ, Oliveira CR, Azevedo Neto RS, Camargo OP. Correlation between the expression of vegf and survival in osteosarcoma. Acta Ortop Bras. 2014;22(5): 250–5. doi: 10.1590/1413-78522014220500978.

9. Laberge S, Cruikshank WW, Kornfeld H, Center DM. Histamine-induced secretion of lymphocyte chemoattractant factor from CD8+ T cells is independent of transcription and translation. Evidence for constitutive protein synthesis and storage. J Immunol. 1995;155(6): 2902–10.

10. Rumsaeng V, Cruikshank WW, Foster B, Prus-sin C, Kirshenbaum AS, Davis TA, Kornfeld H, Center DM, Metcalfe DD. Human mast cells produce the CD4+ T lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, IL-16. J Immunol. 1997;159(6): 2904–10.

11. Sharma V, Sparks JL, Vail JD. Human B-cell lines constitutively express and secrete interleukin-16. Immunology. 2000;99(2): 266–71.

12. Yellapa A, Bahr JM, Bitterman P, Abramowicz JS, Edassery SL, Penumatsa K, Basu S, Rotmensch J, Barua A. Association of interleukin 16 with the development of ovarian tumor and tumor-associated neoangiogenesis in laying hen model of spontaneous ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2012;22(2): 199–207. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e318236a27b.

13. Mathy NL, Scheuer W, Lanzendörfer M, Ho-nold K, Ambrosius D, Norley S, Kurth R. Interleukin-16 stimulates the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. Immunology. 2000;100(1): 63–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00997.x.

14. Zhu J, Qin C, Yan F, Wang M, Ding Q, Zhang Z, Yin C. IL-16 polymorphism and risk of renal cell carcinoma: association in a Chinese population. Int J Urol. 2010;17(8): 700–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02559.x.

15. Gao LB, Liang WB, Xue H, Rao L, Pan XM, Lv ML, Bai P, Fang WL, Liu J, Liao M, Zhang L. Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-16 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;409(1–2): 132–5. doi: 10.1016/j. cca.2009.09.017.

16. Gao LB, Rao L, Wang YY, Liang WB, Li C, Xue H, Zhou B, Sun H, Li Y, Lv ML, Du XJ, Zhang L. The association of interleukin-16 polymorphisms with IL-16 serum levels and risk of colorectal and gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2009;30(2): 295–9. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn281.

17. Li S, Deng Y, Chen ZP, Huang S, Liao XC, Lin LW, Li H, Peng T, Qin X, Zhao JM. Genetic poly-morphism of interleukin-16 influences susceptibility to HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11(8): 2083–8. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.025.

18. Thomas G, Jacobs KB, Yeager M, Kraft P, Wacholder S, Orr N, Yu K, Chatterjee N, Welch R, Hutchinson A, Crenshaw A, Cancel-Tassin G, Staats BJ, Wang Z, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Fang J, Deng X, Berndt SI, Calle EE, Feigelson HS, Thun MJ, Rodriguez C, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Schumacher FR, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Cussenot O, Valeri A, Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Tucker M, Gerhard DS, Fraumeni JF Jr, Hoover R, Hayes RB, Hunter DJ, Chano-ck SJ. Multiple loci identified in a genome-wide association study of prostate cancer. Nat Genet. 2008;40(3): 310–5. doi: 10.1038/ng.91.

19. Chen D, Zhang YJ, Zhu KW, Wang WC. A systematic review of vascular endothelial growth factor expression as a biomarker of prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol. 2013;34(3): 1895–9. doi: 10.1007/s13277-013-0733-z.

20. Кушлинский НЕ, Герштейн ЕС, Тимофеев ЮС, Короткова ЕА, Бабкина ИВ, Зуев АА, Бондарев АВ, Щупак МЮ, Соловьев ЮН, Али-ев МД. Компоненты системы RANK/RANKL/ OPG и интерлейкины-6, -8, -16 в сыворотке крови больных первичными опухолями костей. Молекулярная медицина. 2016;14(1): 39–44.

21. Mahindra A, Anderson KC. Role of interleukin 16 in multiple myeloma pathogenesis: a potential novel therapeutic target? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(13): 964–5. doi: 10.1093/jnci/ djs274.

Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2016; 44: 606-612

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-16 AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR LEVELS DEPENDING ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TUMORS AND LONG-TERM TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH BONE NEOPLASMS

Babkina I. V., Alferov A. A., Bondarev A. V., Shchupak M. Yu., Kuznetsov I. N., Boulytcheva I. V., Solov'ev Yu. N., Aliev M. D., Kushlinskii N. E.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-5-606-612

Abstract

Background: The progress in cancer treatment, including bone malignancies, is associated with advances in molecular biology. Based on the results of a  number of studies, treatment of bone sarcomas have been expanded with targeted therapy that uses drugs with targeted actions, including anti-angiogenic and bevacizumab, in particular. It inhibits the binding of a key activator of neoangiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with its receptors type 1 and 2 (Flt-1 and KDR) on the surface of endothelial cells, which results in a  decrease in vascularization and in inhibition of tumor growth. Beyond VEGF, other activators of neoangiogenesis have been identified, such as interleukin 16 (IL-16). Aim: To compare baseline serum IL-16 and VEGF in patients with malignant, borderline and benign bone tumors. Materials and methods: Serum IL-16 and VEGF levels was compared in 138 patients with primary bone tumors: benign (n=10); borderline (giant cell bone, n=22); malignant (n=106), aged 14 to 50 years, by immunoenzyme assay (Biosource, USA for IL-16 and R&D, USA for VEGF) before any specific treatment. Bone malignancies were identified as osteosarcoma (n=45, among them 35  typical, 6 parosteal, and 4 periosteal), chondrosarcoma (n=24), Ewing sarcoma (n=27), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (n=7) and chordoma (n=3). Results: The rate of IL-16 identification in the serum of bone tumors patients was 93%, with no significant differences depending on the histological structure of the tumor. No association between the size of primary tumors and IL-16 serum levels was found. Overall 3 and 5-year survival of patients with malignant bone tumors with IL-16 serum levels>33 pg/mL was significantly lower than in those IL-16 levels of≤33 pg/mL. Overall 5-year survival in osteosarcoma patients with higher IL-16 serum levels 1.6-fold lower, in Ewing sarcoma patients, 1.7-fold lower, and in chondrosarcoma patients, 1.8-fold lower than that the patients with IL-16 levels of≤33 pg/mL. VEGF levels in bone sarcomas patients were significantly higher than in those with borderline and benign tumors, whereas statistical analysis did not find any significant difference in VEGF levels depending on the histological structure of the primary tumor. Maximal VEGF levels were found in periosteal osteosarcoma, minimal ones, in parosteal osteosarcoma. Overall 3 and 5-year survival of patients with bone malignancies and serum VEGF concentrations above the mean for the group (> 493 pg/mL) was higher than that in the patients with low VEGF levels. Similar results were obtained in osteosarcoma, whereas in Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma higher 3 and 5-year survival rates were observed in patients with serum VEGF levels below 493 pg/mL. Conclusion: These data suggest that IL-16 and VEGF expression could be associated with pathophysiological changes related to growth and metastatic process of bone sarcomas, and may be a subject for further studies to determine the levels of these biomarkers and their predictive value in bone malignancies.
References

1. Rossi B, Schinzari G, Maccauro G, Scaramuzzo L, Signorelli D, Rosa MA, Fabbriciani C, Carlo B. Neoadjuvant multidrug chemotherapy including high-dose methotrexate modifies VEGF expression in osteosarcoma: an immunohisto-chemical analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:34. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-34.

2. Qu Y, Xu J, Jiang T, Zhao H, Gao Y, Zheng C, Shi X. Difference in pre- and postchemo-therapy vascular endothelial growth factor levels as a prognostic indicator in osteosar-coma. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(4): 1474–82. doi: 10.1177/147323001103900436.

3. Lammli J, Fan M, Rosenthal HG, Patni M, Rine-hart E, Vergara G, Ablah E, Wooley PH, Lucas G, Yang SY. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor correlates with the advance of clinical osteosarcoma. Int Orthop. 2012;36(11): 2307–13. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1629-z.

4. Fox E, Aplenc R, Bagatell R, Chuk MK, Dombi E, Goodspeed W, Goodwin A, Kromplewski M, Jayaprakash N, Marotti M, Brown KH, Wenrich B, Adamson PC, Widemann BC, Balis FM. A phase 1 trial and pharmacokinetic study of cediranib, an orally bioavailable pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, in children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(35): 5174–81. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.9674.

5. Dubois SG, Shusterman S, Ingle AM, Ahern CH, Reid JM, Wu B, Baruchel S, Glade-Bender J, Ivy P, Grier HE, Adamson PC, Blaney SM. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group study. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(15): 5113–22. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0237.

6. Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Roberts T, Voss SD, Wu B, Ahern CH, Ingle AM, Harris P, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(24): 3034–43. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.0914.

7. Versleijen-Jonkers YM, Vlenterie M, van de Luijtgaarden AC, van der Graaf WT. Anti-angiogenic therapy, a new player in the field of sarcoma treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2014;91(2): 172–85. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.02.001.

8. Baptista AM, Camargo AF, Filippi RZ, Oliveira CR, Azevedo Neto RS, Camargo OP. Correlation between the expression of vegf and survival in osteosarcoma. Acta Ortop Bras. 2014;22(5): 250–5. doi: 10.1590/1413-78522014220500978.

9. Laberge S, Cruikshank WW, Kornfeld H, Center DM. Histamine-induced secretion of lymphocyte chemoattractant factor from CD8+ T cells is independent of transcription and translation. Evidence for constitutive protein synthesis and storage. J Immunol. 1995;155(6): 2902–10.

10. Rumsaeng V, Cruikshank WW, Foster B, Prus-sin C, Kirshenbaum AS, Davis TA, Kornfeld H, Center DM, Metcalfe DD. Human mast cells produce the CD4+ T lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, IL-16. J Immunol. 1997;159(6): 2904–10.

11. Sharma V, Sparks JL, Vail JD. Human B-cell lines constitutively express and secrete interleukin-16. Immunology. 2000;99(2): 266–71.

12. Yellapa A, Bahr JM, Bitterman P, Abramowicz JS, Edassery SL, Penumatsa K, Basu S, Rotmensch J, Barua A. Association of interleukin 16 with the development of ovarian tumor and tumor-associated neoangiogenesis in laying hen model of spontaneous ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2012;22(2): 199–207. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e318236a27b.

13. Mathy NL, Scheuer W, Lanzendörfer M, Ho-nold K, Ambrosius D, Norley S, Kurth R. Interleukin-16 stimulates the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. Immunology. 2000;100(1): 63–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00997.x.

14. Zhu J, Qin C, Yan F, Wang M, Ding Q, Zhang Z, Yin C. IL-16 polymorphism and risk of renal cell carcinoma: association in a Chinese population. Int J Urol. 2010;17(8): 700–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02559.x.

15. Gao LB, Liang WB, Xue H, Rao L, Pan XM, Lv ML, Bai P, Fang WL, Liu J, Liao M, Zhang L. Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-16 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;409(1–2): 132–5. doi: 10.1016/j. cca.2009.09.017.

16. Gao LB, Rao L, Wang YY, Liang WB, Li C, Xue H, Zhou B, Sun H, Li Y, Lv ML, Du XJ, Zhang L. The association of interleukin-16 polymorphisms with IL-16 serum levels and risk of colorectal and gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2009;30(2): 295–9. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn281.

17. Li S, Deng Y, Chen ZP, Huang S, Liao XC, Lin LW, Li H, Peng T, Qin X, Zhao JM. Genetic poly-morphism of interleukin-16 influences susceptibility to HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11(8): 2083–8. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.025.

18. Thomas G, Jacobs KB, Yeager M, Kraft P, Wacholder S, Orr N, Yu K, Chatterjee N, Welch R, Hutchinson A, Crenshaw A, Cancel-Tassin G, Staats BJ, Wang Z, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Fang J, Deng X, Berndt SI, Calle EE, Feigelson HS, Thun MJ, Rodriguez C, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Schumacher FR, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Cussenot O, Valeri A, Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Tucker M, Gerhard DS, Fraumeni JF Jr, Hoover R, Hayes RB, Hunter DJ, Chano-ck SJ. Multiple loci identified in a genome-wide association study of prostate cancer. Nat Genet. 2008;40(3): 310–5. doi: 10.1038/ng.91.

19. Chen D, Zhang YJ, Zhu KW, Wang WC. A systematic review of vascular endothelial growth factor expression as a biomarker of prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol. 2013;34(3): 1895–9. doi: 10.1007/s13277-013-0733-z.

20. Kushlinskii NE, Gershtein ES, Timofeev YuS, Korotkova EA, Babkina IV, Zuev AA, Bondarev AV, Shchupak MYu, Solov'ev YuN, Ali-ev MD. Komponenty sistemy RANK/RANKL/ OPG i interleikiny-6, -8, -16 v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh pervichnymi opukholyami kostei. Molekulyarnaya meditsina. 2016;14(1): 39–44.

21. Mahindra A, Anderson KC. Role of interleukin 16 in multiple myeloma pathogenesis: a potential novel therapeutic target? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(13): 964–5. doi: 10.1093/jnci/ djs274.