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Альманах клинической медицины. 2016; 44: 599-605

ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ РАКОМ ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2010–2014 ГГ.

Балканов А. С., Гуров А. Н., Катунцева Н. А., Белоусова Е. А.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-5-599-605

Аннотация

Актуальность. В  структуре заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями колоректальный рак занимает третье место. Опухоли, локализованные в прямой кишке, часто выделяются в  отдельную нозологическую форму. На уровень заболеваемости раком прямой кишки (РПК) оказывают влияние возраст, пол пациента, образ жизни, характер питания, наследственность, а также организация и  качество профилактических мероприятий, осуществляемых в медицинских организациях и направленных на раннее выявление опухолевой патологии. Цель – изучить состояние и особенности динамики заболеваемости РПК среди жителей Московской области в  период с  2010 по 2014 г. Материал и методы. Показатели заболеваемости РПК были рассчитаны на основе данных государственной статистической от- четности о злокачественных новообразованиях, выявленных у жителей Московской области впервые в  жизни в  2010–2014  гг. Интенсивные показатели заболеваемости РПК рассчитаны на 100 тыс. соответствующего населения шести возрастно-половых групп. Результаты. За период с 2010 по 2014 г. в Московской области вы- явлено 6079 новых случаев РПК (47% у мужчин и 53% у женщин). Более половины всех случаев РПК пришлись на возрастные группы от 70 до 79 и  от  60 до 69  лет (61,7%  мужчин и  59,2%  женщин). За 5-летний период отмечено снижение динамики заболеваемости РПК у мужчин (с 18,3 до 17  случаев на 100  тыс. мужского населения) и рост у женщин (с 15,7 до 17,5 на 100 тыс. женского населения). Прослеживается четкая зависимость уровня заболеваемости РПК от возраста пациентов. Максимум уровня заболеваемости у  мужчин и  женщин отмечен в  возрастной группе от  70 до 79  лет. Начиная с  возрастной группы от  50 до  59  лет уровень заболеваемости РПК среди мужчин выше, чем среди женщин. Заключение. В  системе здравоохранения полученные результаты могут послужить основой для оптимизации деятельности, направленной на снижение заболеваемости и  смертности от РПК. Среди первостепенных мероприятий следует выделить разработку и реализацию мер первичной профилактики, в частности, проведение исследования кала на скрытую кровь или колоноскопии в возрастных группах высокого риска.
Список литературы

1. Гуров АН, Балканов АС, Катунцева НА, Огнева ЕЮ. Анализ онкозаболеваемости и смертности населения Московской области за 2014 год. Альманах клинической медицины. 2015;41:6–11. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2015-41-6-11.

2. Phipps AI, Scoggins J, Rossing MA, Li CI, Newcomb PA. Temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer by tumor location: 1975–2007. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9): 1791–7. doi: 10.2105/ AJPH.2011.300393.

3. Ait Ouakrim D, Lockett T, Boussioutas A, Keogh L, Flander LB, Winship I, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA. Screening practices of Australian men and women categorized as "at or slightly above average risk" of colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23(11): 1853–64. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0067-y.

4. Austin H, Henley SJ, King J, Richardson LC, Eheman C. Changes in colorectal cancer incidence rates in young and older adults in the United States: what does it tell us about screening. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(2): 191–201. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0321-y.

5. Myers EA, Feingold DL, Forde KA, Arnell T, Jang JH, Whelan RL. Colorectal cancer in patients under 50 years of age: a retrospective analysis of two institutions' experience. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(34): 5651–7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5651.

6. Brooke HL, Talbäck M, Martling A, Feychting M, Ljung R. Socioeconomic position and incidence of colorectal cancer in the Swedish population. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;40:188–95. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.01.004.

7. Simon MS, Thomson CA, Pettijohn E, Kato I, Rodabough RJ, Lane D, Hubbell FA, O'Sullivan MJ, Adams-Campbell L, Mouton CP, Abrams J, Chlebowski RT. Racial differences in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(7): 1368–78. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965. EPI-11-0027.

8. Raskov H, Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J. Colorectal carcinogenesis – update and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(48): 18151–64. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20. i48.18151.

9. Shroff J, Thosani N, Batra S, Singh H, Guha S. Reduced incidence and mortality from col-orectal cancer with flexible-sigmoidoscopy screening: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(48): 18466–76. doi: 10.3748/wjg. v20.i48.18466.

10. Lieberman DA, Williams JL, Holub JL, Morris CD, Logan JR, Eisen GM, Carney P. Race, ethnicity, and sex affect risk for polyps > 9 mm in average-risk individuals. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(2): 351–8. doi: 10.1053/j.gas-tro.2014.04.037.

11. McClellan DA, Ojinnaka CO, Pope R, Simmons J, Fuller K, Richardson A, Helduser JW, Nash P, Ory MG, Bolin JN. Expanding access to colorectal cancer screening: benchmarking quality indicators in a Primary Care Colonoscopy Program. J Am Board Fam Med. 2015;28(6): 713–21. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.140342.

12. Rahman R, Schmaltz C, Jackson CS, Simoes EJ, Jackson-Thompson J, Ibdah JA. Increased risk for colorectal cancer under age 50 in racial and ethnic minorities living in the United States. Cancer Med. 2015;4(12): 1863–70. doi: 10.1002/cam4.560.

13. Siegel RL, Jemal A, Ward EM. Increase in incidence of colorectal cancer among young men and women in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(6): 1695–8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0186.

Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2016; 44: 599-605

INCIDENCE OF RECTAL CANCER IN THE POPULATION OF THE MOSCOW REGION IN 2010–2014

Balkanov A. S., Gurov A. N., Katuntseva N. A., Belousova E. A.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-5-599-605

Abstract

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer ranks the third among all cancer incidence rates. Rectal neoplasms are frequently considered as a separate nosological entity. The incidence of rectal cancer (RC) can be influenced by patient age, gender, lifestyle, diet, genetic factors, as well as by the organization and quality of preventive activities in medical institutions focused on the early cancer diagnosis. Aim: To study changes in RC incidence among residents of the Moscow Region from 2010 to 2014. Materials and methods: The incidence rate of RC was estimated based on the state statistical report data on newly diagnosed cancers in the population of the Moscow Region in 2010–2014. The intensive incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 of respective population in six age and gender groups. Results: From 2010 to 2014, 6079 new RC cases were identified in the Moscow Region, among them 47% men and 53% women. More than half of all RC cases were in the age group of 60 to 79 years old (61.7% of men and 59.2% of women). During the 5-year period, the incidence rate of RC decreased from 18.3 to 17 per 100,000 of the male population and increased from 15.7 to 17.5 per 100,000 among the female population. There was a clear correlation between the RC incidence and the patient age. The peak incidence in men and women was seen in the age group of 70 to 79 years. From the age group of 50 to 59 years and on, the incidence of RC in men was higher than that in women. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to optimize activities in the public healthcare system aimed at reduction of morbidity and mortality related to RC. Among the priority actions should be allocated to the development and implementation of primary prevention measures, in particular, undergo screening tests (fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy) in age groups at high risk.
References

1. Gurov AN, Balkanov AS, Katuntseva NA, Ogneva EYu. Analiz onkozabolevaemosti i smertnosti naseleniya Moskovskoi oblasti za 2014 god. Al'manakh klinicheskoi meditsiny. 2015;41:6–11. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2015-41-6-11.

2. Phipps AI, Scoggins J, Rossing MA, Li CI, Newcomb PA. Temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer by tumor location: 1975–2007. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9): 1791–7. doi: 10.2105/ AJPH.2011.300393.

3. Ait Ouakrim D, Lockett T, Boussioutas A, Keogh L, Flander LB, Winship I, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA. Screening practices of Australian men and women categorized as "at or slightly above average risk" of colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23(11): 1853–64. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-0067-y.

4. Austin H, Henley SJ, King J, Richardson LC, Eheman C. Changes in colorectal cancer incidence rates in young and older adults in the United States: what does it tell us about screening. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(2): 191–201. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0321-y.

5. Myers EA, Feingold DL, Forde KA, Arnell T, Jang JH, Whelan RL. Colorectal cancer in patients under 50 years of age: a retrospective analysis of two institutions' experience. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(34): 5651–7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5651.

6. Brooke HL, Talbäck M, Martling A, Feychting M, Ljung R. Socioeconomic position and incidence of colorectal cancer in the Swedish population. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;40:188–95. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.01.004.

7. Simon MS, Thomson CA, Pettijohn E, Kato I, Rodabough RJ, Lane D, Hubbell FA, O'Sullivan MJ, Adams-Campbell L, Mouton CP, Abrams J, Chlebowski RT. Racial differences in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(7): 1368–78. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965. EPI-11-0027.

8. Raskov H, Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J. Colorectal carcinogenesis – update and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(48): 18151–64. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20. i48.18151.

9. Shroff J, Thosani N, Batra S, Singh H, Guha S. Reduced incidence and mortality from col-orectal cancer with flexible-sigmoidoscopy screening: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(48): 18466–76. doi: 10.3748/wjg. v20.i48.18466.

10. Lieberman DA, Williams JL, Holub JL, Morris CD, Logan JR, Eisen GM, Carney P. Race, ethnicity, and sex affect risk for polyps > 9 mm in average-risk individuals. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(2): 351–8. doi: 10.1053/j.gas-tro.2014.04.037.

11. McClellan DA, Ojinnaka CO, Pope R, Simmons J, Fuller K, Richardson A, Helduser JW, Nash P, Ory MG, Bolin JN. Expanding access to colorectal cancer screening: benchmarking quality indicators in a Primary Care Colonoscopy Program. J Am Board Fam Med. 2015;28(6): 713–21. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.140342.

12. Rahman R, Schmaltz C, Jackson CS, Simoes EJ, Jackson-Thompson J, Ibdah JA. Increased risk for colorectal cancer under age 50 in racial and ethnic minorities living in the United States. Cancer Med. 2015;4(12): 1863–70. doi: 10.1002/cam4.560.

13. Siegel RL, Jemal A, Ward EM. Increase in incidence of colorectal cancer among young men and women in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(6): 1695–8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0186.