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Альманах клинической медицины. 2016; 44: 203-212

НЕИНВАЗИВНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА НЕОПУХОЛЕВОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ КОГЕРЕНТНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ

Меллер А. Е., Мотовилова Т. М., Пантелеева О. Г., Кузнецов С. С., Стройкова К. И., Кондратьева О. А., Кириллин М. Ю., Шахова Н. М.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-2-203-212

Аннотация

Актуальность. Отличительными чертами со- временных воспалительных заболеваний являются латентное течение и  склонность к  хронизации. Хроническое воспаление лежит в основе развития тяжелых заболеваний, в  том числе аутоиммунных и  онкологических, и  выступает причиной нарушения основных функций человеческого организма. Диагностика хронических воспалений сопряжена с  рядом проблем, которые обусловлены, с  одной стороны, многообразием клинических вариантов и  морфо- логических форм, а  с другой  – преобладанием в  последнее время латентного течения заболеваний. В  свою очередь, правильный выбор тактики лечения может быть основан на пони- мании и четком распознавании этиологических и  морфологических типов заболевания. Это определяет актуальность развития новых методов диагностики, одним из которых может стать оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ). Цель – показать принципиальную возможность ОКТ в  распознавании морфологических изменений, сопровождающих хронические воспалительные заболевания различной локализации. Материал и  методы. ОКТ-исследование выполнено комплементарно стандартным диагностическим процедурам у  225  пациентов с  хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями различной локализации: хроническим рецидивирующим ринитом, хроническим латентным сальпингитом и  хроническим эндометритом. Для ОКТ использована установка «ОКТ-1300У» (длина волны излучения 1280  нм, разрешение 15–20  мкм, время получения ОКТ-изображений 8  кадров в  секунду, глубина зондирования – 1,4 мм, диаметр зонда 2,4 мм). Использованы методы численной обработки ОКТ-изображений: численная характеризация гистограмм и текстуры ОКТ-изображений с  последующим определением значений, характерных для различных групп изображений, соответствующих определенным состояниям биоткани, и  нейронная сеть, входными параметрами которой служили гистограммы и  двумерные Фурье-образы ОКТ-изображений. Результаты. При ОКТ-лапароскопии получено 3  типа изображений маточных труб с  ОКТ- признаками, характерными для нормы и воспаления. Появление неоднородности в структуре ОКТ-изображения свидетельствовало о морфо- логической неоднородности мышечного слоя маточной трубы, что позволяло нам делать заключение о  хроническом сальпингите. При ОКТ-гистероскопии нами показано, что ОКТ способна визуализировать патоморфологические особенности хронических эндометритов. Полученные при ОКТ-риноскопии данные дают основание сделать предварительные выводы о  возможности детектировать специфические черты различных вариантов хронического ринита. Применение численной обработки ОКТ- изображений позволило повысить диагностическую точность метода и  объективизировать его. Заключение. ОКТ способна детектировать морфологические изменения, вызванные хроническим воспалительным процессом. ОКТ-критерии воспалительных процессов достаточно универсальны для разных органов. Продемонстрирована возможность неинвазивной диагностики патоморфологических вариантов заболеваний. Показаны трудности в развитии ОКТ для диагностики неопухолевой патологии и  некоторые пути их преодоления, в частности, применение численной обработки изображений. Аргументирована целесообразность дальнейших исследований. 

Список литературы

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Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2016; 44: 203-212

NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-TUMOR DISORDERS WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Meller A. E., Motovilova T. M., Panteleeva O. G., Kuznetsov S. S., Stroykova K. I., Kondrat'eva O. A., Kirillin M. Yu., Shakhova N. M.

https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-2-203-212

Abstract

Introduction: The distinctive features of modern inflammatory diseases are their indolent course and predisposition to chronicity. Chronic inflammation is the basis for the development of serious disorders, including autoimmune and oncologic ones, and a  cause of major functional abnormalities of the human body. Diagnostics of chronic inflammation is associated with a number of problems which originate from a variety of clinical phenotypes and morphological forms, on the one hand, and from the rising prevalence of their latent course, on the other. In its turn, an adequate treatment choice may be based on understanding and accurate detection of etiological and morphological types of the disease. In this connection, development of novel diagnostic techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), is of utmost importance. Aim: To demonstrate feasibility of OCT in detection of morphological abnormalities associated with chronic inflammatory disorders of various localizations. Materials and methods: OCT diagnostics was performed in addition to standard diagnostic procedures in 225 patients with chronic inflammatory disorders of various localizations, such as chronic recurrent rhinitis, chronic latent salpingitis and chronic endometritis. For OCT, an “OCT-1300U” system was used, with central wavelength of 1280 nm, spatial resolution of 15–20 μm, image acquisition rate of 8 frames per second, imaging depth of 1.4 mm and a probe diameter of 2.4 mm. The following techniques of quantitative processing were used for processing of the OCT images. Quantitative characterization of histograms and image texture was performed with further determination of values typical for various images groups corresponding to particular states of biological tissues. Neural network was also employed with histograms and 2D Fourier transforms of the images as input data. Results: OCT laparoscopy allowed to obtain three types of OCT images of fallopian tubes with features typical for healthy and inflammatory states. Presence of heterogeneity in the structure of an OCT image indicated heterogeneity in the muscle layer of the fallopian tube, which allowed for a conclusion on chronic salpingitis. With OCT hysteroscopy we demonstrated the ability of OCT to visualize pathomorphologic features of chronic endometritis. The diagnostic data obtained by OCT-rhinoscopy allowed to draw preliminary conclusions on the OCT ability to detect specific features of various types of chronic rhinitis. Numerical processing of diagnostic OCT images resulted in their higher objectivity and an improvement of diagnostic accuracy of the technique. Conclusion: OCT is able to detect morphological changes induced by a  chronic inflammatory process. OCT criteria were shown to be universal for various organs. We demonstrated the possibility of non-invasive diagnostics of pathomorphologic forms of disease, showed some challenges in the development of OCT for diagnostics of non-tumor disorders and ways to overcome them are proposed, in particular, the use of image numerical processing. Further studies seem to be justified.
References

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2. Angier E, Willington J, Scadding G, Holmes S, Walker S; British Society for Allergy & Clinical Immunology (BSACI) Standards of Care Committee. Management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis: a primary care summary of the BSACI guideline. Prim Care Respir J. 2010;19(3):217– 22. doi: 10.4104/pcrj.2010.00044.

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9. Armstrong WB, Ridgway JM, Vokes DE, Guo S, Perez J, Jackson RP, Gu M, Su J, Crumley RL, Shibuya TY, Mahmood U, Chen Z, Wong BJ. Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer. Laryngoscope. 2006;116(7):1107–13. doi: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000217539.27432.5a.

10. Klein AM, Pierce MC, Zeitels SM, Anderson RR, Kobler JB, Shishkov M, de Boer JF. Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2006;115(4):277–84.

11. Kraft M, Glanz H, von Gerlach S, Wisweh H, Lubatschowski H, Arens C. Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology. Head Neck. 2008;30(12):1628–35. doi: 10.1002/hed.20914.

12. Ridgway JM, Armstrong WB, Guo S, Mahmood U, Su J, Jackson RP, Shibuya T, Crumley RL, Gu M, Chen Z, Wong BJ. In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human oral cavity and oropharynx. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132(10):1074–81. doi: 10.1001/archotol.132.10.1074.

13. Mahmood U, Ridgway J, Jackson R, Guo S, Su J, Armstrong W, Shibuya T, Crumley R, Chen Z, Wong B. In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa. Am J Rhinol. 2006;20(2):155–9.

14. Olzowy B, Starke N, Schuldt T, Hüttman G, Lankenau E, Just T. Optical coherence tomography and confocal endomicroscopy for rhinologic pathologies: a pilot study. Proc. SPIE. 2013;8805:880505. doi: 10.1117/12.2033174.

15. Oltmanns U, Palmowski K, Wielpütz M, Kahn N, Baroke E, Eberhardt R, Wege S, Wiebel M, Kreuter M, Herth FJ, Mall MA. Optical coherence tomography detects structural abnormalities of the nasal mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015. pii: S1569-1993(15)00165- 4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.07.003.

16. Kamath MS, Bhattacharya S. Demographics of infertility and management of unexplained infertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;26(6):729–38. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.001.

17. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Meyn LA, Amortegui AJ, Sweet RL. Subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(1):37–43. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e- 31825a6bc9.

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