Альманах клинической медицины. 2019; 47: 721-732
Анемия при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника: подходы к диагностике, лечению и профилактике
https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2019-47-078Аннотация
Анемия – частое системное осложнение и внекишечное проявление воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК). Несмотря на значительные успехи в терапии ВЗК, в рутинной медицинской практике остается проблема несвоевременной диагностики и неполной коррекции сопутствующей анемии. В настоящем обзоре описаны основные патогенетические механизмы развития анемии при ВЗК: железодефицит, элемент хронического воспалительного процесса (анемия хронической болезни) и дефицит витаминов B9, B12. Авторы осветили основные принципы диагностики данных состояний, а также привели тактику дифференциального диагноза. Показаны современные пути коррекции железодефицитной анемии при ВЗК, определено место пероральных и парентеральных форм лекарственных препаратов для заместительной терапии. Указаны оптимальные цели лечения и способы профилактики железодефицитного состояния. Особое внимание уделено принципам переливания эритроцитсодержащих компонентов крови при острой массивной кровопотере. При освещении проблемы анемии хронической болезни авторы описали ее основные отличительные признаки и способы коррекции данного состояния при различной активности воспалительного процесса у больных с ВЗК. В статье приведены показания и схемы лечения B12- и фолиеводефицитных анемий с учетом течения ВЗК. Авторы статьи входят в рабочую группу Российского общества по изучению ВЗК и полагают, что проведенный анализ данных литературы позволит использовать его для создания Российских клинических рекомендаций по ведению пациентов с анемией при язвенном колите и болезни Крона.
Список литературы
1. Gasche C. Anemia in IBD: the overlooked villain. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2000;6(2):142–50. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200005000-00013.
2. Gisbert JP, Gomollón F. Common misconceptions in the diagnosis and management of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1299–307. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01846.x.
3. Ershler WB, Chen K, Reyes EB, Dubois R. Economic burden of patients with anemia in selected diseases. Value Health. 2005;8(6):629– 38. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.00058.x.
4. Testa A, Rispo A, Romano M, Riegler G, Selvaggi F, Bottiglieri E, Martorano M, Rea M, Gravina A, Nardone OM, Patturelli M, Pellino G, Miranda A, Caporaso N, Castiglione F. The burden of anaemia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(3):267– 70. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.10.012.
5. Dignass AU, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, Birgegård G, Danese S, Gisbert JP, Gomollon F, Iqbal T, Katsanos K, Koutroubakis I, Magro F, Savoye G, Stein J, Vavricka S; European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO]. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9(3): 211–22. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009.
6. World Health Organization (WHO); de Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, Cogswell ME, editors. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993–2005; WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [Internet]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43894/9789241596657_eng.pdf.
7. Beguin Y. Soluble transferrin receptor for the evaluation of erythropoiesis and iron status. Clin Chim Acta. 2003;329(1–2):9–22. doi: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00005-6.
8. Hansen TM, Hansen NE, Birgens HS, Hølund B, Lorenzen I. Serum ferritin and the assessment of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1983;12(4):353–9. doi: 10.3109/03009748309099740.
9. Bregman DB, Morris D, Koch TA, He A, Goodnough LT. Hepcidin levels predict nonresponsiveness to oral iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(2):97–101. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23354.
10. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):1011–23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra041809.
11. Skikne BS, Punnonen K, Caldron PH, Bennett MT, Rehu M, Gasior GH, Chamberlin JS, Sullivan LA, Bray KR, Southwick PC. Improved differential diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: a prospective multicenter evaluation of soluble transferrin receptor and the sTfR/log ferritin index. Am J Hematol. 2011;86(11):923–7. doi: 10.1002/ajh.22108.
12. Tarantino G, Brilli E, Zambito Y, Giordano G, Equitani F. Sucrosomial Iron®: a new highly bioavaible oral iron supplement. Blood; 2015;126(23):4561. doi: 10.1182/blood. V126.23.4561.4561.
13. Аксельрод БА, Балашова ЕН, Баутин АЕ, Баховадинов ББ, Бирюкова ЛС, Буланов АЮ, Быстрых ОА, Виноградова МА, Галстян ГМ, Гапонова ТВ, Головкина ЛЛ, Гороховский ВС, Еременко АА, Жибурт ЕБ, Журавель СВ, Кохно АВ, Кузьмина ЛА, Кулабухов ВВ, Купряшов АА, Лубнин АЮ, Мазурок ВА, Меньшугин ИН, Минеева НВ, Михайлова ЕА, Никитин ЕА, Оловникова НИ, Ошоров АВ, Певцов ДЭ, Попцов ВН, Рогачевский ОВ, Салимов ЭЛ, Титков КВ, Трахтман ПЕ, Троицкая ВВ, Федорова ТА, Фидарова ЗТ, Цветаева НВ, Чжао АВ, Шестаков ЕФ. Клиническое использование эритроцитсодержащих компонентов донорской крови. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2018;63(4): 372–435. doi: 10.25837/HAT.2019.62.39.006.
14. Стуклов НИ, Басиладзе ИГ, Ковальчук МС, Пивник АВ, Князев ОВ, Парфенов АИ. Новые возможности лечения железодефицитных синдромов при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019;162(2):143–50. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658ecg-162-2-143-150.
15. Gasche C, Waldhoer T, Feichtenschlager T, Male C, Mayer A, Mittermaier C, Petritsch W; Austrian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group. Prediction of response to iron sucrose in inflammatory bowel disease-associated anemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(8):2382– 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04094.x.
16. Gasche C, Berstad A, Befrits R, Beglinger C, Dignass A, Erichsen K, Gomollon F, Hjortswang H, Koutroubakis I, Kulnigg S, Oldenburg B, Rampton D, Schroeder O, Stein J, Travis S, Van Assche G. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13(12): 1545–53. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20285.
17. Schröder O, Mickisch O, Seidler U, de Weerth A, Dignass AU, Herfarth H, Reinshagen M, Schreiber S, Junge U, Schrott M, Stein J. Intravenous iron sucrose versus oral iron supplementation for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease – a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(11):2503–9. doi: 10.1111/j.15720241.2005.00250.x.
18. Toblli JE, Brignoli R. Iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex in iron deficiency anemia / review and meta-analysis. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(6A):431–8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296692.
19. Seril DN, Liao J, West AB, Yang GY. High-iron diet: foe or feat in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40(5):391–7. doi: 10.1097/00004836-200605000-00006.
20. Seril DN, Liao J, Yang CS, Yang GY. Systemic iron supplementation replenishes iron stores without enhancing colon carcinogenesis in murine models of ulcerative colitis: comparison with iron-enriched diet. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(4): 696–707. doi: 10.1007/s10620-005-2560-6.
21. Werner T, Wagner SJ, Martínez I, Walter J, Chang JS, Clavel T, Kisling S, Schuemann K, Haller D. Depletion of luminal iron alters the gut microbiota and prevents Crohn's disease-like ileitis. Gut. 2011;60(3):325–33. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.216929.
22. Лазебник ЛБ, Ткаченко ЕИ, Орешко ЛС, Ситкин СИ, Карпов АА, Немцов ВИ, Осипенко МФ, Радченко ВГ, Федоров ЕД, Медведева ОИ, Селиверстов ПВ, Соловьева ЕА, Шабанова АА, Журавлева МС. Рекомендации по диагностике и лечению целиакии взрослых. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2015;117(5):3–12.
23. Elli L, Ferretti F, Branchi F, Tomba C, Lombardo V, Scricciolo A, Doneda L, Roncoroni L. Sucrosomial iron supplementation in anemic patients with celiac disease not tolerating oral ferrous sulfate: a prospective Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):330. doi: 10.3390/nu10030330.
24. Gómez-Ramírez S, Brilli E, Tarantino G, Muñoz M. Sucrosomial® Iron: A New Generation Iron for Improving Oral Supplementation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2018;11(4):97. doi: 10.3390/ph11040097.
25. Abbati G, Incerti F, Boarini C, Pileri F, Bocchi D, Ventura P, Buzzetti E, Pietrangelo A. Safety and efficacy of sucrosomial iron in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency anemia. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(3):423–31. doi: 10.1007/s11739-018-1993-9.
26. Cavill I, Auerbach M, Bailie GR, Barrett-Lee P, Beguin Y, Kaltwasser P, Littlewood T, Macdougall IC, Wilson K. Iron and the anaemia of chronic disease: a review and strategic recommendations. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(4): 731–7. doi: 10.1185/030079906X100096.
27. Onken JE, Bregman DB, Harrington RA, Morris D, Acs P, Akright B, Barish C, Bhaskar BS, Smith-Nguyen GN, Butcher A, Koch TA, Goodnough LT. A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Transfusion. 2014;54(2):306–15. doi: 10.1111/trf.12289.
28. Lee TW, Kolber MR, Fedorak RN, van Zanten SV. Iron replacement therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6(3):267–75. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.09.010.
29. Lindgren S, Wikman O, Befrits R, Blom H, Eriksson A, Grännö C, Ung KA, Hjortswang H, Lindgren A, Unge P. Intravenous iron sucrose is superior to oral iron sulphate for correcting anaemia and restoring iron stores in IBD patients: A randomized, controlled, evaluator-blind, multicentre study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(7):838–45. doi: 10.1080/00365520902839667.
30. Gasche C, Dejaco C, Reinisch W, Tillinger W, Waldhoer T, Fueger GF, Lochs H, Gangl A. Sequential treatment of anemia in ulcerative colitis with intravenous iron and erythropoietin. Digestion. 1999;60(3):262–7. doi: 10.1159/000007667.
31. McCarthy JT, Regnier CE, Loebertmann CL, Bergstralh EJ. Adverse events in chronic hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous iron dextran – a comparison of two products. Am J Nephrol. 2000;20(6):455–62. doi: 10.1159/000046199.
32. Chertow GM, Mason PD, Vaage-Nilsen O, Ahlmén J. Update on adverse drug events associated with parenteral iron. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(2):378–82. doi: 10.1093/ndt/ gfi253.
33. КосмоФер® – Инструкция по медицинскому применению препарата. РУ № ЛС-002435110911. Фармакосмос А/С (Дания).
34. Koutroubakis IE, Oustamanolakis P, Karakoidas C, Mantzaris GJ, Kouroumalis EA. Safety and efficacy of total-dose infusion of low molecular weight iron dextran for iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(8):2327–31. doi: 10.1007/s10620-009-1022-y.
35. Schröder O, Schrott M, Blumenstein I, Jahnel J, Dignass AU, Stein J. A study for the evaluation of safety and tolerability of intravenous highdose iron sucrose in patients with iron deficiency anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Z Gastroenterol. 2004;42(8):663–7. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-813106.
36. Evstatiev R, Marteau P, Iqbal T, Khalif IL, Stein J, Bokemeyer B, Chopey IV, Gutzwiller FS, Riopel L, Gasche C; FERGI Study Group. FERGIcor, a randomized controlled trial on ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(3):846–53.e1–2. doi: 10.1053/j. gastro.2011.06.005.
37. Kulnigg S, Stoinov S, Simanenkov V, Dudar LV, Karnafel W, Garcia LC, Sambuelli AM, D'Haens G, Gasche C. A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose (FERINJECT) randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1182–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01744.x.
38. Aksan A, Işık H, Radeke HH, Dignass A, Stein J. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative efficacy and tolerability of different intravenous iron formulations for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(10):1303–18. doi: 10.1111/apt.14043.
39. Zager RA, Johnson AC, Hanson SY, Wasse H. Parenteral iron formulations: a comparative toxicologic analysis and mechanisms of cell injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40(1):90–103. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2002.33917.
40. Монофер® – Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата. РУ № ЛП-001499-080916.
41. Венофер® – Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата. РУ П N014041/01-290916. Вифор (Интернэшнл) Инк. (Швейцария).
42. Reinisch W, Staun M, Tandon RK, Altorjay I, Thillainayagam AV, Gratzer C, Nijhawan S, Thomsen LL. A randomized, open-label, non-inferiority study of intravenous iron isomaltoside 1,000 (Monofer) compared with oral iron for treatment of anemia in IBD (PROCEED). Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(12):1877–88. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.335.
43. Kulnigg S, Teischinger L, Dejaco C, Waldhör T, Gasche C. Rapid recurrence of IBD-associated anemia and iron deficiency after intravenous iron sucrose and erythropoietin treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(6):1460–7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.114.
44. Ali M, Rigolosi R, Fayemi AO, Braun EV, Frascino J, Singer R. Failure of serum ferritin levels to predict bone-marrow iron content after intravenous iron-dextran therapy. Lancet. 1982;1(8273):652–5. doi: 10.1016/s01406736(82)92204-8.
45. Stein J, Hartmann F, Dignass AU. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;7(11):599–610. doi: 10.1038/ nrgastro.2010.151.
46. Oldenburg B, Koningsberger JC, Van Berge Henegouwen GP, Van Asbeck BS, Marx JJ. Iron and inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(4):429–38. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00930.x.
47. Рукавицын ОА, ред. Гематология. Национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2019. 784 с.
Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 47: 721-732
Anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases: the approaches to its diagnosis, treatment and prevention
https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2019-47-078Abstract
Anemia is a frequent systemic complication and extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Despite significant progress in IBD treatment, late diagnosis and insufficient correction of concomitant anemia remain a problem in routine clinical practice. The review describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of IBD-associated anemia, such as iron deficiency, chronic inflammation (anemia of chronic disease) and B9 and B12 deficiencies. The authors highlight the main diagnostic principles of these conditions, present the strategy for their differential diagnosis, describe the state-of-theart approaches to the correction of iron-deficient anemia in IBD, and delineate the role of oral and parenteral medications for replacement therapy. Optimal treatment goals and prevention methods of an iron-deficient condition are given. Special attention is focused on the principles on red cell mass transfusions in acute massive blood loss. The authors describe the main differentiating features of anemia of chronic disease and its treatment in IBD patients with various grades of the inflammation. The paper contains the indications and treatment regimens for B12 and foliate-deficient anemia with consideration of the IBD course. The authors of the article are members of the Working Group of the Russian Society on the study of IBD and believe that the literature analysis performed would allow for its use to issue the Russian clinical guidelines on the management of patients with anemia in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
References
1. Gasche C. Anemia in IBD: the overlooked villain. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2000;6(2):142–50. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200005000-00013.
2. Gisbert JP, Gomollón F. Common misconceptions in the diagnosis and management of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1299–307. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01846.x.
3. Ershler WB, Chen K, Reyes EB, Dubois R. Economic burden of patients with anemia in selected diseases. Value Health. 2005;8(6):629– 38. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.00058.x.
4. Testa A, Rispo A, Romano M, Riegler G, Selvaggi F, Bottiglieri E, Martorano M, Rea M, Gravina A, Nardone OM, Patturelli M, Pellino G, Miranda A, Caporaso N, Castiglione F. The burden of anaemia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(3):267– 70. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.10.012.
5. Dignass AU, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, Birgegård G, Danese S, Gisbert JP, Gomollon F, Iqbal T, Katsanos K, Koutroubakis I, Magro F, Savoye G, Stein J, Vavricka S; European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO]. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9(3): 211–22. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009.
6. World Health Organization (WHO); de Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, Cogswell ME, editors. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993–2005; WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [Internet]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43894/9789241596657_eng.pdf.
7. Beguin Y. Soluble transferrin receptor for the evaluation of erythropoiesis and iron status. Clin Chim Acta. 2003;329(1–2):9–22. doi: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00005-6.
8. Hansen TM, Hansen NE, Birgens HS, Hølund B, Lorenzen I. Serum ferritin and the assessment of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1983;12(4):353–9. doi: 10.3109/03009748309099740.
9. Bregman DB, Morris D, Koch TA, He A, Goodnough LT. Hepcidin levels predict nonresponsiveness to oral iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(2):97–101. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23354.
10. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):1011–23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra041809.
11. Skikne BS, Punnonen K, Caldron PH, Bennett MT, Rehu M, Gasior GH, Chamberlin JS, Sullivan LA, Bray KR, Southwick PC. Improved differential diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: a prospective multicenter evaluation of soluble transferrin receptor and the sTfR/log ferritin index. Am J Hematol. 2011;86(11):923–7. doi: 10.1002/ajh.22108.
12. Tarantino G, Brilli E, Zambito Y, Giordano G, Equitani F. Sucrosomial Iron®: a new highly bioavaible oral iron supplement. Blood; 2015;126(23):4561. doi: 10.1182/blood. V126.23.4561.4561.
13. Aksel'rod BA, Balashova EN, Bautin AE, Bakhovadinov BB, Biryukova LS, Bulanov AYu, Bystrykh OA, Vinogradova MA, Galstyan GM, Gaponova TV, Golovkina LL, Gorokhovskii VS, Eremenko AA, Zhiburt EB, Zhuravel' SV, Kokhno AV, Kuz'mina LA, Kulabukhov VV, Kupryashov AA, Lubnin AYu, Mazurok VA, Men'shugin IN, Mineeva NV, Mikhailova EA, Nikitin EA, Olovnikova NI, Oshorov AV, Pevtsov DE, Poptsov VN, Rogachevskii OV, Salimov EL, Titkov KV, Trakhtman PE, Troitskaya VV, Fedorova TA, Fidarova ZT, Tsvetaeva NV, Chzhao AV, Shestakov EF. Klinicheskoe ispol'zovanie eritrotsitsoderzhashchikh komponentov donorskoi krovi. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya. 2018;63(4): 372–435. doi: 10.25837/HAT.2019.62.39.006.
14. Stuklov NI, Basiladze IG, Koval'chuk MS, Pivnik AV, Knyazev OV, Parfenov AI. Novye vozmozhnosti lecheniya zhelezodefitsitnykh sindromov pri vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniyakh kishechnika. Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya. 2019;162(2):143–50. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658ecg-162-2-143-150.
15. Gasche C, Waldhoer T, Feichtenschlager T, Male C, Mayer A, Mittermaier C, Petritsch W; Austrian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Study Group. Prediction of response to iron sucrose in inflammatory bowel disease-associated anemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(8):2382– 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04094.x.
16. Gasche C, Berstad A, Befrits R, Beglinger C, Dignass A, Erichsen K, Gomollon F, Hjortswang H, Koutroubakis I, Kulnigg S, Oldenburg B, Rampton D, Schroeder O, Stein J, Travis S, Van Assche G. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13(12): 1545–53. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20285.
17. Schröder O, Mickisch O, Seidler U, de Weerth A, Dignass AU, Herfarth H, Reinshagen M, Schreiber S, Junge U, Schrott M, Stein J. Intravenous iron sucrose versus oral iron supplementation for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease – a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(11):2503–9. doi: 10.1111/j.15720241.2005.00250.x.
18. Toblli JE, Brignoli R. Iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex in iron deficiency anemia / review and meta-analysis. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(6A):431–8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296692.
19. Seril DN, Liao J, West AB, Yang GY. High-iron diet: foe or feat in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40(5):391–7. doi: 10.1097/00004836-200605000-00006.
20. Seril DN, Liao J, Yang CS, Yang GY. Systemic iron supplementation replenishes iron stores without enhancing colon carcinogenesis in murine models of ulcerative colitis: comparison with iron-enriched diet. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(4): 696–707. doi: 10.1007/s10620-005-2560-6.
21. Werner T, Wagner SJ, Martínez I, Walter J, Chang JS, Clavel T, Kisling S, Schuemann K, Haller D. Depletion of luminal iron alters the gut microbiota and prevents Crohn's disease-like ileitis. Gut. 2011;60(3):325–33. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.216929.
22. Lazebnik LB, Tkachenko EI, Oreshko LS, Sitkin SI, Karpov AA, Nemtsov VI, Osipenko MF, Radchenko VG, Fedorov ED, Medvedeva OI, Seliverstov PV, Solov'eva EA, Shabanova AA, Zhuravleva MS. Rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu tseliakii vzroslykh. Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya. 2015;117(5):3–12.
23. Elli L, Ferretti F, Branchi F, Tomba C, Lombardo V, Scricciolo A, Doneda L, Roncoroni L. Sucrosomial iron supplementation in anemic patients with celiac disease not tolerating oral ferrous sulfate: a prospective Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):330. doi: 10.3390/nu10030330.
24. Gómez-Ramírez S, Brilli E, Tarantino G, Muñoz M. Sucrosomial® Iron: A New Generation Iron for Improving Oral Supplementation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2018;11(4):97. doi: 10.3390/ph11040097.
25. Abbati G, Incerti F, Boarini C, Pileri F, Bocchi D, Ventura P, Buzzetti E, Pietrangelo A. Safety and efficacy of sucrosomial iron in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency anemia. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(3):423–31. doi: 10.1007/s11739-018-1993-9.
26. Cavill I, Auerbach M, Bailie GR, Barrett-Lee P, Beguin Y, Kaltwasser P, Littlewood T, Macdougall IC, Wilson K. Iron and the anaemia of chronic disease: a review and strategic recommendations. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(4): 731–7. doi: 10.1185/030079906X100096.
27. Onken JE, Bregman DB, Harrington RA, Morris D, Acs P, Akright B, Barish C, Bhaskar BS, Smith-Nguyen GN, Butcher A, Koch TA, Goodnough LT. A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Transfusion. 2014;54(2):306–15. doi: 10.1111/trf.12289.
28. Lee TW, Kolber MR, Fedorak RN, van Zanten SV. Iron replacement therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6(3):267–75. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.09.010.
29. Lindgren S, Wikman O, Befrits R, Blom H, Eriksson A, Grännö C, Ung KA, Hjortswang H, Lindgren A, Unge P. Intravenous iron sucrose is superior to oral iron sulphate for correcting anaemia and restoring iron stores in IBD patients: A randomized, controlled, evaluator-blind, multicentre study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(7):838–45. doi: 10.1080/00365520902839667.
30. Gasche C, Dejaco C, Reinisch W, Tillinger W, Waldhoer T, Fueger GF, Lochs H, Gangl A. Sequential treatment of anemia in ulcerative colitis with intravenous iron and erythropoietin. Digestion. 1999;60(3):262–7. doi: 10.1159/000007667.
31. McCarthy JT, Regnier CE, Loebertmann CL, Bergstralh EJ. Adverse events in chronic hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous iron dextran – a comparison of two products. Am J Nephrol. 2000;20(6):455–62. doi: 10.1159/000046199.
32. Chertow GM, Mason PD, Vaage-Nilsen O, Ahlmén J. Update on adverse drug events associated with parenteral iron. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(2):378–82. doi: 10.1093/ndt/ gfi253.
33. KosmoFer® – Instruktsiya po meditsinskomu primeneniyu preparata. RU № LS-002435110911. Farmakosmos A/S (Daniya).
34. Koutroubakis IE, Oustamanolakis P, Karakoidas C, Mantzaris GJ, Kouroumalis EA. Safety and efficacy of total-dose infusion of low molecular weight iron dextran for iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(8):2327–31. doi: 10.1007/s10620-009-1022-y.
35. Schröder O, Schrott M, Blumenstein I, Jahnel J, Dignass AU, Stein J. A study for the evaluation of safety and tolerability of intravenous highdose iron sucrose in patients with iron deficiency anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Z Gastroenterol. 2004;42(8):663–7. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-813106.
36. Evstatiev R, Marteau P, Iqbal T, Khalif IL, Stein J, Bokemeyer B, Chopey IV, Gutzwiller FS, Riopel L, Gasche C; FERGI Study Group. FERGIcor, a randomized controlled trial on ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(3):846–53.e1–2. doi: 10.1053/j. gastro.2011.06.005.
37. Kulnigg S, Stoinov S, Simanenkov V, Dudar LV, Karnafel W, Garcia LC, Sambuelli AM, D'Haens G, Gasche C. A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose (FERINJECT) randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1182–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01744.x.
38. Aksan A, Işık H, Radeke HH, Dignass A, Stein J. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative efficacy and tolerability of different intravenous iron formulations for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(10):1303–18. doi: 10.1111/apt.14043.
39. Zager RA, Johnson AC, Hanson SY, Wasse H. Parenteral iron formulations: a comparative toxicologic analysis and mechanisms of cell injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40(1):90–103. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2002.33917.
40. Monofer® – Instruktsiya po meditsinskomu primeneniyu lekarstvennogo preparata. RU № LP-001499-080916.
41. Venofer® – Instruktsiya po meditsinskomu primeneniyu lekarstvennogo preparata. RU P N014041/01-290916. Vifor (Interneshnl) Ink. (Shveitsariya).
42. Reinisch W, Staun M, Tandon RK, Altorjay I, Thillainayagam AV, Gratzer C, Nijhawan S, Thomsen LL. A randomized, open-label, non-inferiority study of intravenous iron isomaltoside 1,000 (Monofer) compared with oral iron for treatment of anemia in IBD (PROCEED). Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(12):1877–88. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.335.
43. Kulnigg S, Teischinger L, Dejaco C, Waldhör T, Gasche C. Rapid recurrence of IBD-associated anemia and iron deficiency after intravenous iron sucrose and erythropoietin treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(6):1460–7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.114.
44. Ali M, Rigolosi R, Fayemi AO, Braun EV, Frascino J, Singer R. Failure of serum ferritin levels to predict bone-marrow iron content after intravenous iron-dextran therapy. Lancet. 1982;1(8273):652–5. doi: 10.1016/s01406736(82)92204-8.
45. Stein J, Hartmann F, Dignass AU. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;7(11):599–610. doi: 10.1038/ nrgastro.2010.151.
46. Oldenburg B, Koningsberger JC, Van Berge Henegouwen GP, Van Asbeck BS, Marx JJ. Iron and inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(4):429–38. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00930.x.
47. Rukavitsyn OA, red. Gematologiya. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2019. 784 s.
