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Онкопедиатрия. 2019; 6: 78-86

Подходы к лечению детей с эстезионейробластомой: обзор литературы

Горбунова Т. В., Родина А. Д., Шишков Р. В., Иванова Н. В., Глеков И. В., Малахова А. А., Поляков В. Г.

https://doi.org/10.15690/onco.v6i2.2019

Аннотация

Эстезионейробластома у детей до 15 лет встречается в 0,1 случаев на 100 000 детского населения. Отличительными морфологическими и молекулярно-генетическими признаками этой опухоли являются диффузное накопление нейронспецифической энолазы, синаптофизина, хромогранина и вариабельная экспрессия цитокератинов. Диагностика опухоли включает эндоскопический осмотр полости носа и носоглотки, магнитно-резонансную и рентгеновскую компьютерную томографию (КТ) основания черепа, околоносовых пазух с внутривенным контрастированием. Позитронноэмиссионную томографию, совмещенную с КТ (ПЭТ/КТ), целесообразно использовать для выявления регионарных и отдаленных метастазов, а также при подозрении на рецидив. У взрослых было установлено негативное влияние на исход заболевания наличия метастазов в лимфатических узлах шеи, опухолевых клеток в краях резекции опухоли (при ее удалении) и высокая степень злокачественности опухоли по системе Hyams. Лечебные подходы зависят от стадии эстезионейробластомы по системе Kadish–Morita. При А-стадии целесообразно только хирургическое лечение. При наличии опухолевых клеток в краях резекции или остаточной опухоли проводится лучевая терапия. При В-стадии хирургическое лечение сочетается с обязательным облучением области первичной опухоли. У пациентов с С-стадией применяются неоадъювантная химиотерапия или облучение с последующим хирургическим лечением, адъювантной химио- и/или лучевой терапией. Пациентам с D-стадией показана химиолучевая терапия. Отсутствует единое мнение об эффективном режиме лекарственного лечения. Общая 5-летняя выживаемость существенно различается в зависимости от дизайна исследования — от 55 до 98%. Дальнейшее изучение особенностей клинической картины, морфологических и молекулярных признаков и течения заболевания будет способствовать улучшению наших представлений о природе опухоли.
Список литературы

1. Benoit MM, Bhattacharyya N, Faquin W, Cunningham M. Cancer of the nasal cavity in the pediatric population. Pediatrics. 2008;121(1):е141–146. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1319.

2. Soler ZM, Smith TL. Endoscopic versus open craniofacial resection of esthesioneuroblastoma: what is the evidence? Laryngoscope. 2012;122(2):244– 245. doi: 10.1002/lary.22450.

3. Venkatramani R, Pan H, Furman WL, et al. Multimodality treatment of pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016;63(3):465– 470. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25817.

4. Кручинина И.Л., Поляков В.Г. Эстезионейробластома в детском возрасте // Журнал ушных, носовых и горловых болезней. — 1979. — №39. — С. 31–33.

5. Su SY, Bell D, Hanna EY. Esthesioneuroblastoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: differentiation in diagnosis and treatment. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;18(Suppl 2):S149–156. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1390014.

6. Capper D, Engel NW, Stichel D, et al. DNA methylation-based reclassification of olfactory neuroblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;136(2):255–271. doi: 10.1007/s00401-018-1854-7.

7. Koch M, Constantinidis J, Dimmler A, et al. [Langzeiterfahrungen in der therapie des ästhesioneuroblastoms. (Article in German).]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2006;85(10):723–730.

8. Kumar S, Perlman E, Pack S, et al. Absence of EWS/ FL11 fusion in olfactory neuroblastomas indicates these tumors do not belong to the Ewing’s sarcoma family. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(11):1356–1360. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90068-0.

9. Czapiewski P, Kunc M, Haybaeck J. Genetic and molecular alterations in olfactory neuroblastoma: implications for pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. Oncotarget. 2016;7(32):52584–52596. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9683.

10. Van Gompel J, Gianinni C, Olsen K, et al. Longterm outcome of esthesioneuroblastoma: Hyams grade predicts patient survival. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2012;73(5):331–336. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1321512.

11. Malouf GG, Casiraghi O, Deutsch E, et al. Low and high-grade esthesioneuroblastomas display a distinct natural history and outcome. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(6):1324–1334. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.008.

12. Меркулов О.А., Горбунова Т.В., Поляков В.Г. Метод трансназального эндоскопического удаления опухоли в комплексном лечении детей с эстезионейробластомой // Онкопедиатрия. — 2017. — Т.4. — №1. — С. 31–42. doi: 10.15690/onco.v4i1.1682.

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15. Broski SM, Hunt CH, Johnson GB, et al. The added value of F-18-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(8):1200–1206. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.102897.

16. Dulguerov P, Allal AS, Calcaterra TC. Esthesioneuroblastoma: a meta-analysis and review. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(11):683–690. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00558-7.

17. Patel SG, Singh B, Stambuk HE, et al. Craniofacial surgery for esthesioneuroblastoma: report of an international collaborative study. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2012;73(3):208–220. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311754.

18. Herr MW, Sethi RK, Meier JC, et al. Esthesioneuroblastoma: an update on the massachusetts eye and ear infirmary and massachusetts general hospital experience with craniofacial resection, proton beam radiation, and chemotherapy. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(1):58–64. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1356493.

19. Hirose T, Scheithauer BW, Lopes MB, et al. Olfactory neuroblastoma. An immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric study. Cancer. 1995;76(1):4–19. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950701)76:13.0.co;2-e.

20. Kumar R. Esthesioneuroblastoma: multimodal management and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2015;3(9):774–778. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i9.774.

21. Bell D, Saade R, Roberts D, et al. Prognostic utility of Hyams histological grading and Kadish-Morita staging systems for esthesioneuroblastoma outcomes. Head Neck Pathol. 2015;9(1):51–59. doi: 10.1007/s12105-014-0547-3.

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23. Bisogno G, Soloni P, Conte M, et al. Esthesioneuroblastoma in pediatric and adolescent age. A report from the TREP project in cooperation with the Italian Neuroblastoma and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committees. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:117. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-117.

24. Diaz EM, Johnigan RH, Pero C, et al. Olfactory neuroblastoma: the 22-year experience at one comprehensive cancer center. Head Neck. 2005;27(2):138– 149. doi: 10.1002/hed.20127.

25. Gallia GL, Reh DD, Lane AP, et al. Endoscopic resection of esthesioneuroblastoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(11):1478–1482. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.03.011.

26. Harvey RJ, Nalavenkata S, Sacks R, et al. Survival outcomes for stage-matched endoscopic and open resection of olfactory neuroblastoma. Head Neck. 2017;39(12):2425–2432. doi: 10.1002/ hed.24912.

27. Schwartz JS, Palmer JN, Adappa ND. Contemporary management of esthesioneuroblastoma. Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;24(1):63–69. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000220.

28. Benfari G, Fusconi M, Ciofalo A, et al. Radiotherapy alone for local tumour control in esthesioneuroblastoma. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2008;28(6):292– 297.

29. Unger F, Haselsberger K, Walch C, et al. Combined endoscopic surgery and radiosurgery as treatment modality for olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma). Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(6):595– 601; discussion 601–602.

30. Lucas JT Jr, Ladra MM, MacDonald SM, et al. Proton radiotherapy for pediatric and adolescent esthesioneuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62(9):1523–1528. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25494.

31. Zanation AM, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A, et al. When, how and why to treat the neck in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma: a review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(11):1667–1671. doi: 10.1007/s00405-010-1360-6.

32. Monroe AT, Hinerman RW, Amdur RJ, et al. Radiation therapy for estesioneuroblastoma: rationale for elective neck irradiation. Head Neck. 2003;25(7):529– 534. doi: 10.1002/hed.10247.

33. Loy AH, Reibel JF, Read PW, et al. Esthesioneuroblastoma. Continued follow-up of a single institution’s experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132(2):134–138. doi: 10.1001/archotol.132.2.134.

34. Porter AB, Bernold DM, Giannini C, et al. Retrospective review of adjuvant chemotherapy for esthesioneuroblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2008;90(2):201–204. doi: 10.1007/s11060-008-9645-y.

35. Kim D-W, Jo Y-H, Kim JH, et al. Neoadjuvant etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin for the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma. Cancer. 2004;101(10):2257–2260. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20648.

36. Kiyota N, Tahara M, Fujii S, et al. Nonplatinumbased chemotherapy with irinotecan plus docetaxel for advanced or metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma. A retrospective analysis of 12 cases. Cancer. 2008;112(4):885–891. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23246.

37. El Kababri M, Habrand JL, Valteau-Couanet D, et al. Esthesioneuroblastoma in children and adolescent: experience on 11 cases with literature review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(2):91–95. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000095.

Oncopediatrics. 2019; 6: 78-86

Approaches to the Treatment of Children with Esthesioneuroblastoma: Literature Review

Gorbunova Tatiana V., Rodina Anastasia D., Shishkov Ruslan V., Ivanova Natalia V., Glekov Igor V., Malachova Alina A., Polyakov Vladimir G.

https://doi.org/10.15690/onco.v6i2.2019

Abstract

The incidence of esthesioneuroblastoma in children under 15 years of age is 0.1 per 100.000 children. Distinctive histological features of this tumor are diffuse accumulation of neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and variable expression of cytokeratins. Diagnosis of the tumor includes endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) of the skull base, paranasal sinuses with intravenous contrast. PET-CT is advisable to use for the detection of regional and distant metastases, as well as for suspected relapse. In patients of adult age, a negative effect on the outcome of the disease was detected, the detection of metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck, the presence of tumor cells at the edges of tumor resection and a high degree of malignancy of the tumor according to the Hyams system. Therapeutic approaches depend on the stage of esthesioneuroblastoma by Kadish. In the A-stage, surgical treatment is advisable. In the presence of tumor cells at the edges of the resection or residual tumor, radiation therapy is performed. In case of B-stage, surgical treatment is combined with the mandatory irradiation of the primary tumor area. In patients with the C-stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation is performed, followed by a surgical treatment, adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Patients with D-stage chemoradiation therapy is indicated. There is no consensus on an effective drug regimen. Overall 5-year survival varies significantly depending on the design of the study — 55% to 98%. Further study of the features of the clinical picture, morphological and molecular features and the course of the disease will help to improve our understanding of the nature of the tumor.
References

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2. Soler ZM, Smith TL. Endoscopic versus open craniofacial resection of esthesioneuroblastoma: what is the evidence? Laryngoscope. 2012;122(2):244– 245. doi: 10.1002/lary.22450.

3. Venkatramani R, Pan H, Furman WL, et al. Multimodality treatment of pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016;63(3):465– 470. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25817.

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6. Capper D, Engel NW, Stichel D, et al. DNA methylation-based reclassification of olfactory neuroblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2018;136(2):255–271. doi: 10.1007/s00401-018-1854-7.

7. Koch M, Constantinidis J, Dimmler A, et al. [Langzeiterfahrungen in der therapie des ästhesioneuroblastoms. (Article in German).]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2006;85(10):723–730.

8. Kumar S, Perlman E, Pack S, et al. Absence of EWS/ FL11 fusion in olfactory neuroblastomas indicates these tumors do not belong to the Ewing’s sarcoma family. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(11):1356–1360. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90068-0.

9. Czapiewski P, Kunc M, Haybaeck J. Genetic and molecular alterations in olfactory neuroblastoma: implications for pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. Oncotarget. 2016;7(32):52584–52596. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9683.

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20. Kumar R. Esthesioneuroblastoma: multimodal management and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2015;3(9):774–778. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i9.774.

21. Bell D, Saade R, Roberts D, et al. Prognostic utility of Hyams histological grading and Kadish-Morita staging systems for esthesioneuroblastoma outcomes. Head Neck Pathol. 2015;9(1):51–59. doi: 10.1007/s12105-014-0547-3.

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24. Diaz EM, Johnigan RH, Pero C, et al. Olfactory neuroblastoma: the 22-year experience at one comprehensive cancer center. Head Neck. 2005;27(2):138– 149. doi: 10.1002/hed.20127.

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28. Benfari G, Fusconi M, Ciofalo A, et al. Radiotherapy alone for local tumour control in esthesioneuroblastoma. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2008;28(6):292– 297.

29. Unger F, Haselsberger K, Walch C, et al. Combined endoscopic surgery and radiosurgery as treatment modality for olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma). Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(6):595– 601; discussion 601–602.

30. Lucas JT Jr, Ladra MM, MacDonald SM, et al. Proton radiotherapy for pediatric and adolescent esthesioneuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62(9):1523–1528. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25494.

31. Zanation AM, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A, et al. When, how and why to treat the neck in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma: a review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(11):1667–1671. doi: 10.1007/s00405-010-1360-6.

32. Monroe AT, Hinerman RW, Amdur RJ, et al. Radiation therapy for estesioneuroblastoma: rationale for elective neck irradiation. Head Neck. 2003;25(7):529– 534. doi: 10.1002/hed.10247.

33. Loy AH, Reibel JF, Read PW, et al. Esthesioneuroblastoma. Continued follow-up of a single institution’s experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132(2):134–138. doi: 10.1001/archotol.132.2.134.

34. Porter AB, Bernold DM, Giannini C, et al. Retrospective review of adjuvant chemotherapy for esthesioneuroblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2008;90(2):201–204. doi: 10.1007/s11060-008-9645-y.

35. Kim D-W, Jo Y-H, Kim JH, et al. Neoadjuvant etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin for the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma. Cancer. 2004;101(10):2257–2260. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20648.

36. Kiyota N, Tahara M, Fujii S, et al. Nonplatinumbased chemotherapy with irinotecan plus docetaxel for advanced or metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma. A retrospective analysis of 12 cases. Cancer. 2008;112(4):885–891. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23246.

37. El Kababri M, Habrand JL, Valteau-Couanet D, et al. Esthesioneuroblastoma in children and adolescent: experience on 11 cases with literature review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(2):91–95. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000095.