Наследие и современность. 2020; 3: 64-73
Международный опыт применения системы риск-менеджмента в сфере культурного наследия
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается система риск-менеджмента культурного наследия. Опираясь на международный опыт, автор приводит различные примеры рисков, встречающиеся в музейной практике и сфере культурного наследия. Подчеркивается их многообразие, которое выходит за рамки физической безопасности. Описана модель по работе с рисками, которая заимствована из финансовой сферы и успешно реализуется при работе с наследием. Все шаги в процессе управления рисками кратко объяснены для понимания комплексного подхода в процессе сохранения культурного наследия.
Проанализирован опыт трех регионов. Иорданский опыт археологического парка в Петре, где проведена масштабная и первая комплексная работа по выявлению буферной зоны объекта. Зонирование данного объекта позволило провести раздельную оценку рисков и выявить наиболее уязвимую территорию. Португальский опыт ревалоризации церковного наследия исторического центра города Порту сосредоточен на превентивном анализе туристических рисков, которые до этого не рассматривались детально.
Японский подход работы с замками и храмами в Киото, построенными по традиционным технологиям, показывает важность использования классических материалов для поддержания аутентичности. Показан опыт совместной кооперации с местным населением в процессе сохранения культурного наследия.
Список литературы
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Heritage and Modern Times. 2020; 3: 64-73
International Experience of Risk Management Application in the Field of Cultural Heritage
Abstract
The article discusses risk management system of cultural heritage. The author gives various examples of risks encountered in museum practice and cultural heritage field, based on international experience. Their diversity, that is far beyond physical security, is highlighted. Risk-based model, which is borrowed from the financial sector and is successfully applied in the field of cultural heritage, is described. All steps in the risk management process are briefly explained in order to understand the integrated approach to the preservation of cultural heritage.
The experience of three regions is analyzed. The Jordanian experience of the Petra archaeological park shows large-scale and first comprehensive work to identify object’s buffer zone. Zoning made possible to conduct a separate risk assessment and identify the most vulnerable area. Portuguese experience in revalorizing church heritage of the historic center of Porto is focused on tourism risks preventive analysis, that had not been examined in detail before.
The Japanese approach of work with castles and temples in Kyoto built on traditional technologies shows the importance of using classic materials to maintain authenticity. The experience of joint cooperation with the local community in the process of preserving the cultural heritage is shown.
References
1. UNESCO, Risk Management Training. Handbook. 2010.
2. Rea N. Opportunistic Thieves Just Stole a Prized Van Gogh Landscape From a Locked-Down Dutch Museum Under Cover of Night // artnet News [Elektronnyi resurs]. Elektron. dan. 2020. Rezhim dostupa: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/thieves-stolenvan-gogh-masterpiece-dutch-museum-1819743
3. M 5.3 – 2km WSW of Kasina, Croatia // USGS Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey [Elektronnyi resurs]. Elektron. dan. 2020. Rezhim dostupa: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008dx7/executive
4. Van Dyck Painting Stolen from University of Oxford Gallery // BBC News [Elektronnyi resurs]. Elektron. dan. 2020. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.bbc.com/news/ukengland-oxfordshire-51897201
5. Southworth P. Hackers Pretending to Be Art Dealer Convinced Museum to Pay Them £2m for John Constable Painting // The Telegraph [Elektronnyi resurs]. Elektron. dan. 2020. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/04/11/hackerspretending-art-dealer-convinced-museum-pay-2m-john-constable/
6. Swerling G. Church of England Moves Valuables to Tower of London Amid Fears of Coronavirus Lockdown Looting // The Telegraph [Elektronnyi resurs]. Elektron. dan. 2020. Rezhim dostupa: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/04/12/church-englandmoves-valuables-tower-london-amid-fears-lockdown/
7. Stovel H. Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage. Rome: ICCROM, 1998. 153 p.
8. Jigyasu R. Heritage and Resilience. Issues and Opportunities for Reducing Disaster Risks. 2013.
9. UNESCO, Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage. 2010.
10. UNESCO / ICCROM / ICOMOS / IUCN, Managing Cultural World Heritage. 2013.
11. UNESCO / ICCROM / ICOMOS / IUCN, Managing Natural Cultural Heritage. 2012.
12. UNESCO, Risk Management at Heritage Sites. A Case Study of the Petra World Heritage Site. 2012.
13. Valorização do Património Religioso do Centro Histórico do Porto. Identificação do Projecto. Ric Porto [Elektronnyi resurs]. Elektron. dan. 2020. Rezhim dostupa: https://ric-porto.pt/ficha-final-do-projeto/
14. Kozlowski J., Vass-Bowen N. Buffering External Threats to Heritage Conservation Areas: A Planner’s Perspective // Landscape and Urban Planning, 37, 1997. P. 245–267.
15. Tokyo Development Learning Center, Technical Deep Dive on Resilient Cultural Heritage and Tourism. 2017. 66 p.
