Офтальмохирургия. 2013; : 78-84
АНТИЦИТОКИНОВАЯ (АНТИ-ФНО-α) ТЕРАПИЯ В ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
https://doi.org/undefinedАннотация
Анализ литературных источников по антицитокиновой терапии демонстрирует эффективность этой терапии в сравнении с традиционной клюкокортикостероидной и иммуносупрессивной терапией. Препараты с антицитокиновым механизмом действия являются претендентами для применения в офтальмологии в качестве ингибиторов ангиогенеза при неоваскуляризации и противовоспалительной терапии при увеитах. Ингибиторы ФНО-α применяют системно, пути введения при этом разные – внутривенно и подкожно. Применяться они могут как в качестве монотерапии, так и совместно с клюкокортикостероидной и иммуносупрессивной терапией. Из литературных источников очевидно, что эффект при использовании этой группы препаратов – дозозависимый; может быть положительным (антиангиогенным и противовоспалительным) и отрицательным – токсичным. Как показывают исследования в сравнительном аспекте, более выраженным противовоспалительным эффектом обладает имфлискимаб. В то же время при его использовании чаще встречаются побочные эффекты и осложнения. По данным разных авторов дозы, вызывающие побочные эффекты, не сопоставимы. По-видимому, играет роль локализация воспалительного процесса в сосудистом тракте глаза (спереди, сзади), этиологический фактор, вызвавший воспаление и, конечно, интенсивность цитокиновой реакции. Поэтому остается открытым вопрос, насколько эффективность и переносимость антицитокиновых препаратов являются дозозависимыми и существуют ли другие факторы, влияющие на успех лечения. Для ответа на эти вопросы требуются детальные исследования, направленные на изучение влияния препаратов этой группы на ткани глаза, процессы патологического ангиогенеза в зависимости от препарата, дозы и условий его применения, а также отработку оптимальных дозировок препаратов для исключения побочных эффектов.
Список литературы
1. Accorinti M., Paroli M. et al. AntiTNF-a – therapy for Behchet diseas // J. Clin. Exp. Rheum.– 2004.– Vol. 34.– P. 18.
2. Adán A., Hernandez V., Ortiz S. et al. Effects of infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior uveitis of Behçet's disease after withdrawal of infusions // Int. Ophthalmol.– 2010.– Vol. 5.– P. 577-78. 3. Arias L., Caminal J.M., Badia M.B. et al. Intravitreal infliximab in patients with macular degeneration who are nonresponders to antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy // Retina.– 2010.– Vol. 30 (10).– P. 1601-1608.
3. Avunduk M.C., Avunduk A.M., Oztekin E., et al. Etanercept treatment in the endotoxin-induced uveitis of rats // Exp. Eye Res.– 2004.– Vol. 79.– P. 357-365.
4. Bakri S.J., Snyder M.R., Reid J.M. et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) // Ophthalmology.– 2007.– Vol. 114 (5).– P. 855-859.
5. Benitez-del-Castillo J.M., Martinez-de-la-Casa J.M., Pato-Cour E. Longterm treatment of refractory posterior uveitis with anti-TNF-a (infliximab) // Eye 2005.– Vol. 19 (8).– P. 841-845.
6. Biester S., Deuter C., Michels H. et al. Adalimumab in the therapy of uveitis in childhood // Br. J. Ophthalmology.– 2007.– Vol. 91 (3).– P. 319-324.
7. Braun J., Baraliakos X., Listing J. Decreased incidence of anterior uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with the anti-tumor necrosis factor agents infliximab and etanercept // Arthr. Rheum.– 2005.– Vol. 52 (8).– P. 2447- 2451.
8. Callizo J., Agostini H.T. siRNA bei Nakuladegeneration // Ophthalmology.– 2010.– Vol. 107.– P. 1077-1080.
9. Clinical Trials. gov Identifier NCT00695682. Intravitreal Infliximab for Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV).
10. Diaz-Llopis M., García-Delpech S., Salom D et al. Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis: A pilot study // J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther.– 2008.– Vol. 24.– P. 351- 361.
11. El-Shabrawi Y., Hermann J. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab as an alternative to corticosteroids in the treatment of human leucocyte antigen B27-associated acute anterior uveitis // Ophthalmol.– 2002.– Vol. 12.– P. 2342-2346.
12. Fabrizio G., Matteo R., Lorenzo V. et al. A Pilot Study on Ocular Safety of Intravitreal Infliximab in a Rabbit Model // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2008.– Vol. 49 (3).– P. 1151-1156.
13. Fabrizio G., Matteo R., Matteo G. Et al. Intravitreal Infliximab Clearance in a Rabbit Model: Different Sampling Methods and Assay Techniques // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2009.– Vol. 50.– № 11.– P. 5328-5335.
14. Falappone P.C., Iannone F., Scioscia C. The treatment of recurrent uveitis with TNF-α inhibitors // Reumatismo.– 2004.– Vol. 56 (3).– P. 185-189.
15. Farvardin M., Afarid M., Mehryar M., Hosseini H. Intravitreal Infliximab for the Treatment of Sight-Threatening Chronic Noninfectious Uveitis // Retina.– 2010.– Vol. 30, Is. 9.– P. 1530-1535.
16. Galor A., Perez V.L., Hammel J.P., Lowder C.Y. Differential effectiveness of etanercept and infliximab in the treatment of ocular inflammation // Ophthalmology.– 2006.– Vol. 113 (12).– P. 2317- 2323.
17. Guignard S., Gossec L., Salliot C. et al. Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor blockers in reducing uveitis flares in patients with spondylarthropathy: a retrospective study // Ann. Rheum. Dis.– 2006.– Vol. 65 (12).– P. 1631-1634.
18. Hale S., Lightman S. Anti-TNF therapies in management of acute and chronic uveitis // Cytokine.– 2006.– Vol. 33 (4).– P. 231-237.
19. Huynh N., Cervantes-Castaneda R.A., Bhat P. et al. Biologic response modifier therapy for psoriatic ocular inflammatory disease // Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.– 2008.– May-Jun.– Vol. 16 (3).– P. 89-93.
20. Jan G., Dohlman C., Stephen Foster, Claes H. Dohlman Boston Keratoprosthesis in Stevens- Johnson Syndrome: A case of using infliximab to prevent tissue necrosis // Digital J. of Opthalmology.– 2009.– Vol. 15, № 1.
21. Joseph A., Raj D., Dua H.S. et al. Infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior uveitis // Ophthalmology.– 2003.– Vol. 110 (7).– P. 1449-1453.
22. Kahn P., Weiss M., Imundo L.F., Levy D.M. Favorable response to high-dose infliximab for refractory childhood uveitis // Ophthalmology.– 2006.– Vol. 113 (5).– P. 864.
23. Koizumi K., Poulaki V., Doehmen S. et al. Contribution of TNF-α to leukocyte adhesion, vascular leakage, and apoptotic cell death in endotoxin-induced uveitis in vivo // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2003.– Vol. 44.– P. 2184-2191
24. Lichtlen P., Lam T.T., Nork T.M. et al. Relative contribution of VEGF and TNF-alpha in the cynomolgus laser-induced CNV model: comparing the efficacy of bevacizumab, adalimumab, and ESBA105 // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2010.– Vol. 51 (9).– P. 4738-4745.
25. Lindstedt E.W., Baarsma G.S., RWAM Kuijpers. Anti-TNF-α therapy for sight threatening uveitis // Br. J. Ophthalmol.– 2005.– Vol. 89.– P. 533-536.
26. Murphy C., Ayliffe W., Booth A. et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade with infliximab for refractory uveitis and scleritis // Ophthalmology.– 2004.– Vol. 111 (2).– P. 352-356
27. Mushtaq B., Saeed T., Situnayake R.D., Murray P.I. Adalimumab for sight-threatening uveitis in Behçet’s disease // Eye.– 2007.– Vol. 21.– P. 824-825.
28. Niccoli L., Nannini C., Benucci M. et al. Long-term efficacy of infliximab in refractory posterior uveitis of Behçet's disease: a 24-month follow-up study // Oxford J. Medicine Rheumatology.– 2007.– Vol. 46, Is. 7.– P. 1161-1164.
29. Odorcic S., Keystone E.C., Ma J.J. Infliximab for the treatment of refractory progressive sterile peripheral ulcerative keratitis associated with late corneal perforation: 3-year follow-up // Cornea. 2009.– Vol. 28(1).– P. 89-92.
30. Ohno S., Nakamura S., Hori S. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple administration of infliximab in Behchet diseas with refractory uveoretinitis // J. Rhem.– 2004.– Vol. 31 (7).– P. 1362- 1368.
31. Okada A.A. Cytokine therapy in eye disease // Arch. Ophthalmol.– 1998.– Vol. 116.– P. 1514-1516.
32. Olson J., Jackson C., Naresh M. Intravitreal Infliximab and Choroidal Neovascularization in an Animal Model // Arch. Ophthalmol. 2007.– Vol. 125 (9).– P. 1221-1224.
33. Panagiotis G. Theodossiadis, Vasilios S. et al. Intravitreal administration of the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody Infliximab in the rabbit // Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.– 2009.– Vol. 247 (2).– P. 273-281.
34. Pirjo T., Päivi L., Visa H. et al. Infliximab and etanercept in the treatment of chronic uveitis associated with refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis // Ann. Rheum. Dis.– 2007.– Vol. 66.– P. 548- 550.
35. Prendiville C., O’Doherty M., Moriarty P., Cassidy L. The use of infliximab in ocular inflammation // Br. J. Ophthalmol.– 2008.– Vol. 92.– P. 823-825.
36. Rajaraman R.T., Kimura Y., Li S., Haines K., Chu D.S. Retrospective case review of pediatric patients with uveitis treated with infliximab // Ophthalmology.– 2006.– Vol. 113 (2).– P. 308-314.
37. Regatieri C.V., Dreyfuss J.L., Melo G.B. et al. Dual role of intravitreous infliximab in experimental choroidal neovascularization: effect on the expression of sulfated glycosaminoglycans // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2009.– Vol. 50 (11).– P. 5487-5494.
38. Reiff A., Takei S., Sadeghi S. et al. Etanercept therapy in children with treatment-resistant uveitis // Arthritis Rheum. 2001.– Vol. 44.– P. 1411-1415.
39. Richards J.C., Tay-Kearney M.L., Murray K. Infliximab for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2005.– Vol. 33 (5).– P. 461-468.
40. Roberta P.A. Manzano, Gholam A. Peyman, Petros E. Carvounis, et al. Ocular toxicity of intravitreous adalimumab (Humira) in the rabbit // Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2008.– Vol. 246 (6).– P. 907-911.
41. Rudwaleit M., Rødevand E., Holck P. et al. Adalimumab effectively reduce the rate of anterior uveitis flares in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a prospective open-label study // Ann. Rheum. Dis.– 2009.– Vol. 68.– P. 696-701.
42. Saurenmann R.K., Levin A.V., Rose J.B. et al. Tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis // Oxford J. Medicine Rheumatology.– 2006.– Vol. 45, Is. 8.– P. 982-989.
43. Schmeling H., Horneff G. Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.– Rheumathology (Oxford).– 2005.– Vol. 44 (8).– P. 1008- 1011.
44. Sfikakis P., Theodossiadis P., Katasiari C. Effect of infliximab in sight-treatening panuveitis in Behchet diseas // Lancet.– 2001.– Vol. 358 (9278).– P. 295-296.
45. Suhler E.B., Smith J.R., Wertheim M.S. A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes // Arch. Ophthalmol.– 2005.– Vol. 123 (7).– P. 903-912. 47. Taban M., Dupps W.J., Mandell B. Etanercept-associated inflammatory eye diseas: case report and review of the literature // Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.– 2006.– Vol. 14 (3).– P. 145-150.
46. Takase K., Ohno S., Ideguchi H. et al. Successful switching to adalimumab in an infliximab-allergic patient with severe Behçet disease-related uveitis // Rheumatol. Int.– 2011.– Vol. 31 (2).– P. 243-245.
47. Theodossiadis P., Liarakos V., Sfikakis P. et al. Intravitreal administration of the anti-tumor necrosis factor agent infliximab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration // Am. J. Ophthalmol.– 2009.– Vol. 147 (5).– P. 825-830.
48. Theodossiadis P., Markomichelakis N., Sfikakis P. Tumor necrosis factor antagonists: preliminary evidence for an emerging approach in the treatment of ocular inflammation // Retina. 2007.– Vol. 27 (4).– P. 399-413.
49. Tynjälä P., Kotaniemi K., Lindahl P. et al. Adalimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated chronic anterior uveitis // Rheumatology (Oxford).– 2008.– Vol. 47.– P. 339-344.
50. Wechsler B., Sable-Fourtassou R., Bodaghi B. Infliximab in refractory uveitis due to Behchet diseas // J. Clin. Exp. Rheum.– 2004.– Vol. 34.– P. 14-16.
Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2013; : 78-84
ANTI-CYTOKINE (ANTI-TNF-ALPHA) THERAPY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
https://doi.org/undefinedAbstract
References
1. Accorinti M., Paroli M. et al. AntiTNF-a – therapy for Behchet diseas // J. Clin. Exp. Rheum.– 2004.– Vol. 34.– P. 18.
2. Adán A., Hernandez V., Ortiz S. et al. Effects of infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior uveitis of Behçet's disease after withdrawal of infusions // Int. Ophthalmol.– 2010.– Vol. 5.– P. 577-78. 3. Arias L., Caminal J.M., Badia M.B. et al. Intravitreal infliximab in patients with macular degeneration who are nonresponders to antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy // Retina.– 2010.– Vol. 30 (10).– P. 1601-1608.
3. Avunduk M.C., Avunduk A.M., Oztekin E., et al. Etanercept treatment in the endotoxin-induced uveitis of rats // Exp. Eye Res.– 2004.– Vol. 79.– P. 357-365.
4. Bakri S.J., Snyder M.R., Reid J.M. et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) // Ophthalmology.– 2007.– Vol. 114 (5).– P. 855-859.
5. Benitez-del-Castillo J.M., Martinez-de-la-Casa J.M., Pato-Cour E. Longterm treatment of refractory posterior uveitis with anti-TNF-a (infliximab) // Eye 2005.– Vol. 19 (8).– P. 841-845.
6. Biester S., Deuter C., Michels H. et al. Adalimumab in the therapy of uveitis in childhood // Br. J. Ophthalmology.– 2007.– Vol. 91 (3).– P. 319-324.
7. Braun J., Baraliakos X., Listing J. Decreased incidence of anterior uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with the anti-tumor necrosis factor agents infliximab and etanercept // Arthr. Rheum.– 2005.– Vol. 52 (8).– P. 2447- 2451.
8. Callizo J., Agostini H.T. siRNA bei Nakuladegeneration // Ophthalmology.– 2010.– Vol. 107.– P. 1077-1080.
9. Clinical Trials. gov Identifier NCT00695682. Intravitreal Infliximab for Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV).
10. Diaz-Llopis M., García-Delpech S., Salom D et al. Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis: A pilot study // J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther.– 2008.– Vol. 24.– P. 351- 361.
11. El-Shabrawi Y., Hermann J. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab as an alternative to corticosteroids in the treatment of human leucocyte antigen B27-associated acute anterior uveitis // Ophthalmol.– 2002.– Vol. 12.– P. 2342-2346.
12. Fabrizio G., Matteo R., Lorenzo V. et al. A Pilot Study on Ocular Safety of Intravitreal Infliximab in a Rabbit Model // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2008.– Vol. 49 (3).– P. 1151-1156.
13. Fabrizio G., Matteo R., Matteo G. Et al. Intravitreal Infliximab Clearance in a Rabbit Model: Different Sampling Methods and Assay Techniques // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2009.– Vol. 50.– № 11.– P. 5328-5335.
14. Falappone P.C., Iannone F., Scioscia C. The treatment of recurrent uveitis with TNF-α inhibitors // Reumatismo.– 2004.– Vol. 56 (3).– P. 185-189.
15. Farvardin M., Afarid M., Mehryar M., Hosseini H. Intravitreal Infliximab for the Treatment of Sight-Threatening Chronic Noninfectious Uveitis // Retina.– 2010.– Vol. 30, Is. 9.– P. 1530-1535.
16. Galor A., Perez V.L., Hammel J.P., Lowder C.Y. Differential effectiveness of etanercept and infliximab in the treatment of ocular inflammation // Ophthalmology.– 2006.– Vol. 113 (12).– P. 2317- 2323.
17. Guignard S., Gossec L., Salliot C. et al. Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor blockers in reducing uveitis flares in patients with spondylarthropathy: a retrospective study // Ann. Rheum. Dis.– 2006.– Vol. 65 (12).– P. 1631-1634.
18. Hale S., Lightman S. Anti-TNF therapies in management of acute and chronic uveitis // Cytokine.– 2006.– Vol. 33 (4).– P. 231-237.
19. Huynh N., Cervantes-Castaneda R.A., Bhat P. et al. Biologic response modifier therapy for psoriatic ocular inflammatory disease // Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.– 2008.– May-Jun.– Vol. 16 (3).– P. 89-93.
20. Jan G., Dohlman C., Stephen Foster, Claes H. Dohlman Boston Keratoprosthesis in Stevens- Johnson Syndrome: A case of using infliximab to prevent tissue necrosis // Digital J. of Opthalmology.– 2009.– Vol. 15, № 1.
21. Joseph A., Raj D., Dua H.S. et al. Infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior uveitis // Ophthalmology.– 2003.– Vol. 110 (7).– P. 1449-1453.
22. Kahn P., Weiss M., Imundo L.F., Levy D.M. Favorable response to high-dose infliximab for refractory childhood uveitis // Ophthalmology.– 2006.– Vol. 113 (5).– P. 864.
23. Koizumi K., Poulaki V., Doehmen S. et al. Contribution of TNF-α to leukocyte adhesion, vascular leakage, and apoptotic cell death in endotoxin-induced uveitis in vivo // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2003.– Vol. 44.– P. 2184-2191
24. Lichtlen P., Lam T.T., Nork T.M. et al. Relative contribution of VEGF and TNF-alpha in the cynomolgus laser-induced CNV model: comparing the efficacy of bevacizumab, adalimumab, and ESBA105 // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2010.– Vol. 51 (9).– P. 4738-4745.
25. Lindstedt E.W., Baarsma G.S., RWAM Kuijpers. Anti-TNF-α therapy for sight threatening uveitis // Br. J. Ophthalmol.– 2005.– Vol. 89.– P. 533-536.
26. Murphy C., Ayliffe W., Booth A. et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade with infliximab for refractory uveitis and scleritis // Ophthalmology.– 2004.– Vol. 111 (2).– P. 352-356
27. Mushtaq B., Saeed T., Situnayake R.D., Murray P.I. Adalimumab for sight-threatening uveitis in Behçet’s disease // Eye.– 2007.– Vol. 21.– P. 824-825.
28. Niccoli L., Nannini C., Benucci M. et al. Long-term efficacy of infliximab in refractory posterior uveitis of Behçet's disease: a 24-month follow-up study // Oxford J. Medicine Rheumatology.– 2007.– Vol. 46, Is. 7.– P. 1161-1164.
29. Odorcic S., Keystone E.C., Ma J.J. Infliximab for the treatment of refractory progressive sterile peripheral ulcerative keratitis associated with late corneal perforation: 3-year follow-up // Cornea. 2009.– Vol. 28(1).– P. 89-92.
30. Ohno S., Nakamura S., Hori S. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple administration of infliximab in Behchet diseas with refractory uveoretinitis // J. Rhem.– 2004.– Vol. 31 (7).– P. 1362- 1368.
31. Okada A.A. Cytokine therapy in eye disease // Arch. Ophthalmol.– 1998.– Vol. 116.– P. 1514-1516.
32. Olson J., Jackson C., Naresh M. Intravitreal Infliximab and Choroidal Neovascularization in an Animal Model // Arch. Ophthalmol. 2007.– Vol. 125 (9).– P. 1221-1224.
33. Panagiotis G. Theodossiadis, Vasilios S. et al. Intravitreal administration of the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody Infliximab in the rabbit // Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.– 2009.– Vol. 247 (2).– P. 273-281.
34. Pirjo T., Päivi L., Visa H. et al. Infliximab and etanercept in the treatment of chronic uveitis associated with refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis // Ann. Rheum. Dis.– 2007.– Vol. 66.– P. 548- 550.
35. Prendiville C., O’Doherty M., Moriarty P., Cassidy L. The use of infliximab in ocular inflammation // Br. J. Ophthalmol.– 2008.– Vol. 92.– P. 823-825.
36. Rajaraman R.T., Kimura Y., Li S., Haines K., Chu D.S. Retrospective case review of pediatric patients with uveitis treated with infliximab // Ophthalmology.– 2006.– Vol. 113 (2).– P. 308-314.
37. Regatieri C.V., Dreyfuss J.L., Melo G.B. et al. Dual role of intravitreous infliximab in experimental choroidal neovascularization: effect on the expression of sulfated glycosaminoglycans // Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.– 2009.– Vol. 50 (11).– P. 5487-5494.
38. Reiff A., Takei S., Sadeghi S. et al. Etanercept therapy in children with treatment-resistant uveitis // Arthritis Rheum. 2001.– Vol. 44.– P. 1411-1415.
39. Richards J.C., Tay-Kearney M.L., Murray K. Infliximab for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2005.– Vol. 33 (5).– P. 461-468.
40. Roberta P.A. Manzano, Gholam A. Peyman, Petros E. Carvounis, et al. Ocular toxicity of intravitreous adalimumab (Humira) in the rabbit // Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2008.– Vol. 246 (6).– P. 907-911.
41. Rudwaleit M., Rødevand E., Holck P. et al. Adalimumab effectively reduce the rate of anterior uveitis flares in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a prospective open-label study // Ann. Rheum. Dis.– 2009.– Vol. 68.– P. 696-701.
42. Saurenmann R.K., Levin A.V., Rose J.B. et al. Tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis // Oxford J. Medicine Rheumatology.– 2006.– Vol. 45, Is. 8.– P. 982-989.
43. Schmeling H., Horneff G. Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.– Rheumathology (Oxford).– 2005.– Vol. 44 (8).– P. 1008- 1011.
44. Sfikakis P., Theodossiadis P., Katasiari C. Effect of infliximab in sight-treatening panuveitis in Behchet diseas // Lancet.– 2001.– Vol. 358 (9278).– P. 295-296.
45. Suhler E.B., Smith J.R., Wertheim M.S. A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes // Arch. Ophthalmol.– 2005.– Vol. 123 (7).– P. 903-912. 47. Taban M., Dupps W.J., Mandell B. Etanercept-associated inflammatory eye diseas: case report and review of the literature // Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.– 2006.– Vol. 14 (3).– P. 145-150.
46. Takase K., Ohno S., Ideguchi H. et al. Successful switching to adalimumab in an infliximab-allergic patient with severe Behçet disease-related uveitis // Rheumatol. Int.– 2011.– Vol. 31 (2).– P. 243-245.
47. Theodossiadis P., Liarakos V., Sfikakis P. et al. Intravitreal administration of the anti-tumor necrosis factor agent infliximab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration // Am. J. Ophthalmol.– 2009.– Vol. 147 (5).– P. 825-830.
48. Theodossiadis P., Markomichelakis N., Sfikakis P. Tumor necrosis factor antagonists: preliminary evidence for an emerging approach in the treatment of ocular inflammation // Retina. 2007.– Vol. 27 (4).– P. 399-413.
49. Tynjälä P., Kotaniemi K., Lindahl P. et al. Adalimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated chronic anterior uveitis // Rheumatology (Oxford).– 2008.– Vol. 47.– P. 339-344.
50. Wechsler B., Sable-Fourtassou R., Bodaghi B. Infliximab in refractory uveitis due to Behchet diseas // J. Clin. Exp. Rheum.– 2004.– Vol. 34.– P. 14-16.
