Гетерогенность в изогенных популяциях бактерий и современные технологии клеточного фенотипирования

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Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021; 98: 73-83

Гетерогенность в изогенных популяциях бактерий и современные технологии клеточного фенотипирования

Андрюков Б. Г., Тимченко Н. Ф., Ляпун И. Н., Бынина М. П., Матосова Е. В.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-33

Аннотация

В рамках современной микробиологической парадигмы колонии генетически идентичных микроорганизмов рассматриваются как биосоциальные системы, состоящие из нескольких гетерогенных клональных кластеров клеток (фенотипов бактерий), которые по-разному реагируют на изменения в окружающей среде. За последние десятилетия фенотипическая гетерогенность обнаружена во всех изогенных популяциях патогенных бактерий. Она обеспечивает избирательное преимущество клеточных фенотипов при изменениях физико-химических параметров среды обитания и конкурентном взаимодействии с другими микроорганизмами. Установлено, что данной адаптационной стратегией бактерий управляют разнообразные механизмы вне- и внутриклеточного генеза. Гетерогенность в бактериальных сообществах имеет большое значение для выживания патогенных бактерий в организме-хозяине, прогрессирования и персистенции инфекций, а также снижения эффективности антибиотикотерапии. Современный спектр аналитических инструментов для изучения клеточного фенотипирования представлен как методами оптической визуализации и качественной структурной характеристики одиночных клеток, так и омиксными технологиями количественного анализа и мониторинга молекулярных внутриклеточных процессов. Эти разнообразные инструменты позволяют не только выявлять и модулировать фенотипическую гетерогенность в изогенных популяциях бактерий, но и оценивать функциональную значимость клеточных фенотипов для развития инфекционного процесса. Целью обзора является интеграция современных представлений о гетерогенности в изогенных популяциях бактерий с акцентом на представлении современных аналитических технологий оценки и мониторинга фенотипирования одиночных клеток.

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Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2021; 98: 73-83

Heterogeneity in isogenic bacteria populations and modern technologies of cell phenotyping

Andryukov B. G., Timchenko N. F., Lyapun I. N., Bynina M. P., Matosova E. V.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-33

Abstract

In the framework of the modern microbiological paradigm, colonies of genetically identical microorganisms are considered as biosocial systems consisting of several heterogeneous clonal cell clusters (bacterial phenotypes) that respond differently to changes in the environment. Phenotypic heterogeneity was found in recent decades in all isogenic populations of pathogenic bacteria. Such heterogeneity provides a selective advantage of cellular phenotypes with changes in the physicochemical parameters of the environment and competitive interaction with other microorganisms. Heterogeneity in bacterial communities is of great importance for the survival of pathogenic bacteria in the host organism, the progression and persistence of infections, as well as the decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. The modern spectrum of analytical tools for studying cellular phenotyping is presented both by optical imaging methods and qualitative structural characteristics of single cells, and by omix technologies of quantitative analysis and monitoring of molecular intracellular processes. These diverse tools make it possible not only to identify and modulate phenotypic heterogeneity in isogenic bacterial populations, but also to evaluate the functional significance of cellular phenotypes in the development of the infectious process. The aim of the review is the integration of modern concepts of heterogeneity in isogenic bacterial populations, with an emphasis on the presentation of modern analytical technologies for assessing and monitoring phenotypic typing of single cells.

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