Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2020; 97: 518-528
Характеристика серопревалентности к SARS-СoV-2 среди населения Республики Татарстан на фоне COVID-19
https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-6-2Аннотация
В конце 2019 г. появились сообщения о вспышке инфекции, вызванной новым штаммом β-коронавируса SARS-CoV-2, заболевание ВОЗ определила как coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). В Республике Татарстране первый случай COVID-19 был диагностирован 16.03.2020 г., это был завозной случай из Франции. Период нарастания заболеваемости продолжался с 12-й по 19-ю неделю, когда был зарегистрирован самый высокий показатель, составивший 16,7 на 100 тыс. населения. В дальнейшем отмечалось статистически значимое снижение заболеваемости. Исследование серопревалентности было проведено на 27-й неделе (8-я неделя снижения заболеваемости)
Целью проведенного сероэпидемиологического исследования было определение уровня и структуры популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Республики Татарстан в период распространения COVID-19.
Материалы и методы. Отбор волонтеров для исследования проводили методом анкетирования и рандомизации путем случайной выборки. Критерием исключения была активная инфекция COVID-19 в момент анкетирования. На наличие специфических антител к SARS-CoV-2 обследовано 2946 человек. Возраст обследованных добровольцев варьировал от 1 года до 70 лет и старше.
Результаты. Результаты исследования показали, что в Республике Татарстан в период заболеваемости COVID-19 наблюдалась умеренная серопревалентность к SARS-CoV-2, составившая 31,3%, на фоне высокой частоты (94,5%) бессимптомной инфекции у серопозитивных лиц, не имевших в анамнезе перенесенного заболевания COVID-19, положительного результата ПЦР и симптомов ОРВИ в день обследования. Максимальные показатели коллективного иммунитета установлены у детей 7–13 лет (42,0%), детей 14–17 лет (40,3%) при одновременном снижении серопревалентности у лиц в возрасте 70 лет и старше (24,0%). В разных регионах Республики Татарстан наблюдалось широкое варьирование показателей серопозитивности от минимального в Заинском районе (8,6%) до максимального в Арском районе (74,3%). В 21 районе из 38 обследованных результаты были нерепрезентативны из-за малого числа наблюдений. У реконвалесцентов COVID-19 антитела вырабатываются в 83,3% случаев. У лиц с позитивным результатом ПЦР-анализа, проведенного ранее, антитела выявлялись в 100% случаев. Среди волонтеров, имевших контакты с больными COVID-19, доля серопревалентных 37%.
Вывод. Динамику серопревалентности среди населения Республики Татарстан можно квалифицировать как позитивную. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки прогноза развития эпидемиологической ситуации, а также планирования мероприятий по специфической и неспецифической профилактике COVID-19.
Список литературы
1. Faust J.S., del Rio C. Assessment of Deaths from COVID-19 and from Seasonal Influenza. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020; 180(8): 1045–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2306
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13. Cai J., Sun W., Huang J., Gamber M., Wu J., He G. Indirect virus transmission in cluster of COVID-19 cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2020; 26(6): 1343–5. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200412
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Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2020; 97: 518-528
Distribution of SARS-CоV-2 seroprevalence among residents of the Republic of Tatarstan during the COVID-19 epidemic period
https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-6-2Abstract
In late 2019, there were reports of an outbreak of infection caused by a new strain of beta coronavirus SARSCoV-2, the WHO identified the disease as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Tatarstan, the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed on March 16, 2020, it was an imported case from France. The period of increase in the incidence lasted during the 12th to the 19th week, when the highest rate was recorded, amounting to 16.7 per 100 thousand population. Subsequently, a statistically significant decrease in the incidence was noted. Seroprevalence study was conducted at week 27 (8th week of decline of morbidity).
The purpose of the seroepidemiological study was to measure the level and to identify the structure of herd immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Republic of Tatarstan during the rapid spread of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Materials and methods. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by the method of questionnaires and randomization by random sampling. The exclusion criterion was active COVID-19 infection at the time of the survey. 2,946 people were examined for the presence of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The age of the surveyed volunteers ranged from 1 year to 70 years and older.
Results. The results of the study showed that in the Republic of Tatarstan during the period of COVID-19 incidence, there was a moderate seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2, which amounted to 31.3%, against the background of a high frequency (94.5%) of asymptomatic infection in seropositive individuals who did not have a history of past COVID-19 disease, positive PCR result and ARVI symptoms on the day of the examination. The maximum indicators of herd immunity were established in children aged 7–13 years (42.0%), children 14–17 years old (40.3%), with a simultaneous decrease in seroprevalence in persons aged 70 and older (24.0%). In different regions of the Republic of Tatarstan, there was a wide variation in seropositivity results from the minimum in the Zainsky district (8.6%) to the maximum in the Arsky district (74.3%). In 21 out of 38 surveyed districts, the results were unrepresentative due to the small sample size. In COVID-19 convalescents, antibodies are produced in 83.3% of cases. In persons with a positive result of the PCR analysis carried out earlier, antibodies were detected in 100% of cases. Among the volunteers who had contact with patients with COVID-19, the proportion of seropositive is 37%
Conclusion. The dynamics of seroprevalence among the population of the Republic of Tatarstan can be qualified as positive, the results obtained can be used to develop a forecast for the development of the epidemiological situation, as well as to plan measures for specific and non-specific prevention of COVID-19.
References
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2. Nicomedes C.J.C., Avila R.M.A. An analysis on the panic during COVID-19 pandemic through an online form. J. Affect. Disord. 2020; 276: 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.046
3. Lenzen M., Li M., Malik A., Pomponi F., Sun Y.Y., Wiedmann T., et al. Global socio-economic losses and environmental gains from the Coronavirus pandemic. PLoS One. 2020; 15(7): e0235654. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235654
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5. Gomes M.G.M., Corder R.M., King J.G., Langwig K.E., Souto-Maior C., Carneiro J., et al. Individual variation in susceptibility or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 lowers the herd immunity threshold. medRxiv. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20081893
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13. Cai J., Sun W., Huang J., Gamber M., Wu J., He G. Indirect virus transmission in cluster of COVID-19 cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2020; 26(6): 1343–5. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200412
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