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Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2016; : 60-72

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВИРУСОВ ГРИППА A/H3N2 И В, ЦИРКУЛИРОВАВШИХ В РОССИИ В 2013 - 2015 ГГ

Яцышина С. Б., Рентеева А. Н., Валдохина А. В., Елькина М. А., Сперанская А. С., Пимкина Е. В., Минтаев Р. Р., Маркелов М. Л., Малеев В. В.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-60-72

Аннотация

Цель. Установить генетическую характеристику, провести филогенетический анализ и определение молекулярных маркеров резистентности к этиотропным препаратам вирусов гриппа A/H3N2 и В, циркулировавших в России в 2013 - 2015 гг. Материалы и методы. Исследованы 80 биологических образцов, содержащих РНК вируса гриппа A/H3N2, и 31 образец, содержащий РНК вируса гриппа В. Секвенирование фрагментов ПЦР выполнялось на ABI-3100 PRIZM™ GeneticAnalyzer (AppliedBiosystems, США) и с использованием MiSeq (Illumina, США). Обработка и анализ данных проводились с помощью программ CLC v.3.6.5., DNASTAR и BioNumerics v.6.5. Результаты. В 2013 - 2014 гг. доминировали вирусы гриппа A/H3N2 клайда ЗС.З, подобные вакцинному штамму A/Texas/50/2012, 10% принадлежали к субклайду ЗС.2а и 10% - к ЗС.ЗЬ. Подавляющее большинство (81%) вирусов 2014 - 2015 гг. вошли в клайд ЗС.2а, доля вирусов, относящихся к ЗС.ЗЬ и ЗС.За, составляла 9% и 10%. Среди исследованных вирусов гриппа В превалировали Ямагата-подобные, лишь 1 вирус в 2014 - 2015 гг. относился к линии Виктория, обнаружен 1 реассортант линий Ямагата и Виктория. Во всех вирусах гриппа A/H3N2 выявлена мутация устойчивости к ремантадину S31N (белок М2). Мутации, определяющие устойчивость к озельтамивиру (ген NA), вирусов гриппа A/H3N2 и В обнаружены не были. Заключение. Подъем заболеваемости гриппом в 2014 - 2015 гг. обусловлен появлением вирусов гриппа A/H3N2 и В, отличающихся по антигенному составу от циркулировавших ранее и от вошедших в вакцину, что привело к решению ВОЗ заменить компоненты A/H3N2 и В вакцины 2015 -- 2016 гг. Одновременная циркуляция двух линий вируса гриппа В и появление их реассортантов свидетельствует о целесообразности применения четырехвалентной вакцины, включающей обе линии.
Список литературы

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Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016; : 60-72

GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA A/H3N2 AND В VIRUSES THAT HAD CIRCULATED IN RUSSIA IN 2013 - 2015

Yatsyshina S. B., Renteeva A. N., Valdokhina A. V., Elkina M. A., Speranskaya A. S., Pimkina E. V., Mintaev R. R., Markelov M. L., Maleev V. V.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-60-72

Abstract

Aim. Establish genetic characteristics, carry out phylogenetic analysis and determination of molecular markers of resistance to etiotropic preparations against influenza A/H3N2 and В viruses that had circulated in Russia in 2013 - 2015. Materials and methods. 80 biological samples containing influenza A/H3N2 virus RNA and 31 samples containing influenza В virus RNA were studied. Sequencing of PCR fragments was carried out in ABI-3100 PRIZMTM GeneticAnalyzer (AppliedBiosystems, USA) and using MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Data treatment and analysis was carried out using CLC v.3.6.5., DNASTAR and BioNumerics v.6.5. programs. Results. In 2013 - 2014 A/Texas/50/2012-like clade 3C.3 influenza A/H3N2 viruses dominated, 10% belonged to subclade 3C.2a and 10% - to ЗС.ЗЬ. Most of the viruses (81%) of 2014 - 2015 were of 3C.2a clade, the portion of viruses belonging to ЗС.ЗЬ and ЗС.За was 9 and 10%. Yamagata-like viruses predominated among the studied influenza В viruses, only 1 virus of 2014 - 2015 belonged to Victoria lineage, 1 reassortant of Yamagata and Victoria lineages was detected. Rimantadine-resistance mutation S31N (М2 protein) was detected in all the influenza A/H3N2 viruses. Mutations determining resistance to oseltamivir (NA gene) were not detected in influenza A/H3N2 and В viruses. Conclusion. Increase of influenza morbidity in 2014 - 2015 was determined by the emergence of influenza A/H3N2 and В viruses, antigenically distinct from those that had circulated previously and those included into the vaccine, thus resulting in the WHO decision to change А/ H3N2 and В components of the 2015 - 2016 vaccine. Simultaneous circulation of 2 lineages of influenza В virus and emergence of their reassortants gives evidence on the necessity of use of quadrivalent vaccines, containing both lineages.
References

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6. Ambrose C.S., Levin MJ. Therationale for quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 2012, 8 (1): 81-88.

7. Busch M.G., Bateman A.C., Landolt G.A. et al. Identification of amino acids in the HA of H3 influenza viruses that determine infectivity levels in primary swine respiratory epithelial cells. Virus Res. 2008, 133 (2): 269-279.

8. Chen J.M., Guo Y.J., Wu K.Y. et al. Exploration of the emergence of the Victoria lineage of influenza V virus. Arch. Virol. 2007, 152 (2): 415-422.

9. Chen R., Holmes E.C. The evolutionary dynamics of human influenza V virus. J. Mol. Evol. 2008, 66 (6): 655-663.

10. CockbumW.C., Delon P.J., Ferreira W. Origin and progress of the 1968-69 Hong Kong influenza epidemic. Bull. World Health Organ. 1969, 41 (3): 345-348.

11. ECDC European Centre. Influenza virus characterization summary Europe, July 2012. http:// ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/CNRL-July-2012.pdf.

12. ECDC European Centre. Influenza virus characterization summary Europe, July 2015. http:// ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/influenza-virus-characterisation-july-2015. pdf.

13. Koel B.F., Burke D.F., Bestebroer T.M. et al. Substitutions near the receptor binding site determine major antigenic change during influenza virus evolution. Science. 2013, 342 (6161): 976-979.

14. Lee M-S., Chen J. S-E. Predicting antigenic variants of influenza A/H3N2 viruses. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004, 10 (8): 1385-1390.

15. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. CDC Centers, USA. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr.

16. Review of the 2012-2013 winter influenza season, northern hemisphere. Weekly Epidemiol. Rec. 2013,88 (22): 225-232.

17. Rota P.A., Wallis T.R., Harmon M.W. et al. Cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type V virus since 1983. Virology. 1990, 175 (1): 59-68.

18. Smith D.J., Lapedes A.S., de Jong J.C. et al. Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of influenza virus. Science. 2004, 305 (5682): 371-376.

19. Wang Q., Tian X., ChenX., Ma J. Structural basis for receptor specificity of influenza V virus hemagglutinin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007, 104 (43): 16874-16879.

20. WHO Influenza Centre, London. Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2013-14 (2014-15) (2015-16) northern hemisphere influenza season. http://www. who.int/influenza/vaccines/virus/recommendations/2013_ 14_north/en/ (2014_ 15), (201516).

21. WHO Influenza Centre, London. Report prepared for the WHO annual consultation on the composition of influenza vaccine forthe Northern Hemisphere 2015/16.23rd -25th February 2015.

22. WHO Influenza Centre, St Petersburg, Russia. Digest of Influenza Surveillance in Russia, Seasons 2009-2013. http://www.influenza.spb.ru/files/rii-digest-2013.pdf.

23. WHO. Summary of neuraminidase amino acid substitutions associated with reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitors, http://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/antiviral_sus-ceptibility/avwg2014_nai_substitution_table.pdf.