Морской гидрофизический журнал. 2021; 37: 233-246
Биооптические характеристики прибрежных вод Черного моря вблизи Севастополя: оценка точности спутниковых продуктов, восстановленных по данным MODIS и VIIRS
https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2021-2-233-246Аннотация
Цель. Цель работы − оценить точность спутниковых продуктов для прибрежных вод Севастополя, восстановленных стандартными алгоритмами по данным спектрорадиометров MODIS, установленных на искусственных спутниках Земли Aqua и Terra, и VIIRS на спутнике Suomi NPP.
Методы и результаты. Отбор проб in situ проводился на станции, расположенной на расстоянии двух миль от бухты Севастопольской в точке с координатами 44° 37' 26" с. ш. и 33° 26' 05" в. д. Для определения концентрации хлорофилла а использовали спектрофотометрический метод. Спектральные показатели поглощения света оптически активными компонентами измеряли в соответствии с современным протоколом NASA. Использовались данные MODIS и VIIRS 2-го уровня с пространственным разрешением 1 км вокруг станции. Обработку спутниковых данных проводили при помощи программного обеспечения SeaDAS 7.5.3, разработанного NASA. Исследование показало, что содержание оптически активных компонентов в прибрежных водах Севастополя по даннымMODIS и VIIRS при использовании стандартных алгоритмов определяется некорректно: в сравнении с данными измерений in situ значения концентрации хлорофилла а в среднем весной меньше в 1,6 раза, а летом – больше в 1,4 раза; вклад пигментов фитопланктона в общее поглощение света на длине волны 443 нм в среднем меньше в 8,7 раза; поглощение света окрашенным растворенным органическим веществом в сумме с неживой взвесью в среднем больше в 2,2 раза.
Выводы. Стандартные алгоритмы NASA не применимы для расчета биооптических показателей вод (концентрация хлорофилла a, показатель поглощения света пигментами фитопланктона и показатель поглощения света окрашенным растворенным органическим веществом в сумме с неживой взвесью) в прибрежном районе Черного моря вблизи Севастополя. Чтобы использовать спутниковые данные для экологического мониторинга, необходимо развивать региональный алгоритм, учитывающий оптические особенности вод в этом районе, в частности в сложной прибрежной зоне.
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Morskoy Gidrofizicheskiy Zhurnal. 2021; 37: 233-246
Bio-Optical Characteristics of the Black Sea Coastal Waters near Sevastopol: Assessment of the MODIS and VIIRS Products Accuracy
https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2021-2-233-246Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the work is to evaluate accuracy of the satellite products for the coastal waters near Sevastopol, reconstructed by the standard algorithms based on the MODIS and VIIRS (installed at the artificial Earth satellites Aqua and Terra, and at Suomi NPP, respectively) data.
Methods and Results. In situ sampling was carried out at the station (44°37'26" N and 33°26'05" E) located at a distance of two miles from the Sevastopol Bay. The chlorophyll a concentration was measured by the spectrophotometric method. The spectral light absorption coefficients by optically active components were measured in accordance with the current NASA protocol. The spectroradiometers MODIS and VIIRS Level 2 data with spatial resolution 1 km in nadir around the in situ station (44°37'26"±0°00'32" N and 33°26'05"±0°00'54" E) were used. The satellite products were processed by the SeaDAS 7.5.3 software developed in NASA. The research showed that the standard NASA algorithms being applied to the MODIS and VIIRS data, yielded incorrect values of the optically active components’ content in the Black Sea coastal waters near Sevastopol as compared to the data of in situ measurements in the same region: the satellite-derived “chlorophyll a concentration” was on average 1.6 times lower in spring, and 1.4 times higher in summer; the contribution of phytoplankton pigments to total light absorption at 443 nm was underestimated in 8.7 times; the light absorption by colored detrital organic matter was overestimated in 2.2 times.
Conclusions. The NASA standard algorithms are inapplicable to calculating bio-optical indices in the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol since they provide incorrect values of the satellite products (Ca-s, aph-s(443) and aCDM-s(443)). Operative ecological monitoring based on satellite data requires development of a regional algorithm taking into account the seawater optical features in the region and in the coastal zone, in particular.
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