Морской гидрофизический журнал. 2020; 36: 740-756
Каким образом океанические вихри могут быть столь долгоживущими
https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-6-740-756Аннотация
Цель. Теоретически обосновать удивительную долгоживучесть (до 5 лет) индивидуальных вихрей в Мировом океане на фоне сильных флуктуаций океанических течений и вопреки дисперсионным свойствам волн Россби – цель данной работы.
Методы и результаты. Эволюция бароклинных вихрей рассматривается в гибридной двухслойной модели океана над топографическим склоном на бета-плоскости. В верхнем слое с сильными аномалиями потенциальной завихренности течения считаются сбалансированными; в нижнем слое при слабых аномалиях потенциальной завихренности течения описываются в традиционном квазигеострофическом приближении. Аналитическое описание дано для медленно изменяющихся почти круглых вихрей в зональном течении с вертикальным сдвигом скорости, характерным для океана в субтропиках. Теория показывает, как бароклинный вихрь сопровождается подветренными волнами Россби. Дрейф вихря поперек среднего течения определяется преимущественно бароклинно-дипольной структурой представленного решения, при этом потеря энергии вихрем, связанная с генерированием волн Россби, может быть компенсирована запасом энергии в средних течениях.
Выводы. Построенная модель дает разумные оценки дрейфа и переноса энергии для типичных океанских вихрей с сильными аномалиями потенциальной завихренности. Прямая подпитка энергии долгоживущих вихрей бароклинными средними течениями независимо от их устойчивости имеет большое значение для лучшего понимания физических механизмов, объясняющих значительную продолжительность жизни геофизических вихрей и особенности их перемещения.
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Morskoy Gidrofizicheskiy Zhurnal. 2020; 36: 740-756
How Oceanic Vortices can be Super Long-Lived
https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-6-740-756Abstract
Purpose. The article is aimed at substantiating theoretically amazing longevity (up to 5 years) of the individual vortices in the World Ocean against the background of strong fluctuations of the ocean currents and regardless of the Rossby wave dispersion features.
Methods and Results. Evolution of the baroclinic vortices is considered in a hybrid two-layer ocean model over a topographic slope on the beta-plane. In the upper layer with strong potential vorticity anomalies, the currents are assumed to be balanced; in the lower layer at week potential vorticity anomalies, the currents are described in the traditional quasi-geostrophic approximation. Slow evolving almost circular vortices embedded in a vertically sheared current typical of the subtropical part of the ocean are described analytically. The theory shows how a baroclinic vortex is followed by the lee Rossby waves. The vortex drift across the mean current is conditioned mainly by the baroclinic-dipole structure of the represented solution; at that the vortex energy loss related to the Rossby wave radiation can be compensated by the energy stored in the mean currents.
Conclusions. The constructed model provides reasonable estimates of the energy drift and transfer typical of the ocean vortices with strong anomalies of potential vorticity. Direct support of long-lived vortices by the energy of the baroclinic mean flows irrespective of their stability, is of great importance for better understanding the physical mechanisms relating to significant longetivity of the geophysical vortices and the features of their movement.
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