Морской гидрофизический журнал. 2020; 36: 407-423
Резонансное возбуждение короткопериодных внутренних волн баротропными сейшами в покрытом льдом мелководном озере
https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-4-407-423Аннотация
Цель. Экспериментальные данные свидетельствуют о том, что процессы тепломассопереноса в покрытых льдом мелководных озерах не сводятся лишь к молекулярному уровню и, несмотря на их относительно низкую интенсивность, в основном определяются перемежающейся турбулентностью, природа и механизм генерации которой изучены недостаточно. В работе рассматривается один из таких механизмов, связанный с резонансным возбуждением коротких внутренних волн баротропными сейшами.
Методы и результаты. В качестве экспериментальной базы использовались данные зимних измерений температуры в мелководном озере. Анализ динамики температурных профилей в первые недели после ледостава выявил аномально высокие значения эффективного коэффициента температуропроводности. В спектрах температурных пульсаций явно прослеживался пик, соответствующий основной моде баротропных сейш. Существенная неоднородность амплитуды температурных пульсаций по глубине, противофазные колебания в соседних слоях указывали на присутствие внутренних волн. Предложен механизм переноса энергии от баротропных сейш к внутренним волнам, аналогичный «конверсии приливов» (tidal conversion) в океанологии. В результате получены оценки для потока энергии, скорости диссипации и эффективного коэффициента температуропроводности.
Выводы. Внутренние волны могут играть существенную роль в процессах перемешивания и переноса тепла в покрытых льдом озерах. При этом баротропные сейши, возникающие при атмосферных барических возмущениях, играют роль промежуточного энергетического резервуара и способны порождать короткие внутренние волны в результате резонансного взаимодействия с донной топографией. Интенсивность внутренних волн существенно зависит от амплитуды баротропных сейш, частоты Брента – Вяйсяля и особенностей рельефа дна.
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Morskoy Gidrofizicheskiy Zhurnal. 2020; 36: 407-423
Resonance Generation of Short Internal Waves by the Barotropic Seiches in an Ice-Covered Shallow Lake
https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-4-407-423Abstract
Purpose. The observation measurements testify the fact that heat and mass transfer processes in the shallow ice-covered lakes are not limited to the molecular diffusion only. In particular, the effective thermal diffusivity exceeds the molecular one by up to a few orders of magnitude. Now it is widely accepted that the transfer processes, in spite of their low intensity, are controlled by intermittent turbulence. At the same time, its nature and generation mechanism are still studied insufficiently. The paper represents one of such mechanisms associated with resonance generation of short internal waves by the barotropic seiches.
Methods and Results. The temperature measurements in a shallow lake in winter were used as an experimental base. Having been analyzed, the temperature profiles’ dynamics observed during a few weeks after freezing revealed the anomalous values of thermal diffusivity. At that the temperature pulsations’ spectra clearly demonstrate the peak close to the main mode of barotropic seiches. Counter-phase oscillations at the different depths and pronounced heterogeneity of the amplitudes of temperature pulsations over depth indicate presence of internal waves. Based on these data, the mechanism of energy transfer from the barotropic seiches to the internal waves similar to the “tidal conversion” (the latter governs resonance generation of internal tides in the ocean), is proposed. The expressions for heat flux, energy dissipation rate and effective thermal diffusivity are derived.
Conclusions. Internal waves can play an essential role in the processes of interior mixing and heat transfer in the ice-covered lakes. Though direct wind-induced turbulence production is inhibited, baric perturbations in the atmosphere can give rise to barotropic seiches, which play the role of an intermediate energy reservoir and can generates short resonant internal waves resulted from interaction with the undulate lake floor. The internal wave field parameters strongly depend on the barotropic seiche amplitudes, buoyancy frequency and the bottom topography features.
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31. Efficiency of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean circulation / A. Mashayek [et al.] // Geophysical Research Letters. 2017. Vol. 44, iss. 12. P. 6296–6306. doi:10.1002/2016GL072452
32. Ulloa H. N., Wüest A., Bouffard D. Mechanical energy budget and mixing efficiency for a radiatively heated ice-covered waterbody // Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2018. Vol. 852. R1. doi:10.1017/jfm.2018.587
33. Maffioli A., Brethouwer G., Lindborg E. Mixing efficiency in stratified turbulence // Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2016. Vol. 794. R3. doi:10.1017/jfm.2016.206
34. Khatiwala S. Generation of internal tides in an ocean of finite depth: analytical and numerical calculations // Deep Sea Research. Part I. 2003. Vol. 50, iss.1. P. 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00132-2
35. Fractal topography and subsurface water flows from fluvial bedforms to the continental shield / A. Wörman [et al.] // Geophysical Research Letters. 2007. Vol. 34, iss. 7. L07402. doi:10.1029/2007GL029426
