Морской гидрофизический журнал. 2024; 40: 325-347
Экстремальный черноморский шторм в ноябре 2023 года
Аннотация
Цель. Цель работы – представить углубленное описание экстремального шторма на Черном море в ноябре 2023 г. в терминах характеристик полей ветра и волн на основе модельных расчетов, спутниковых данных и натурных измерений.
Методы и результаты. Расчет атмосферных полей был выполнен с помощью модели WRF, расчет волновых полей – с помощью модели SWAN. Представлено подробное описание поля ветра и волновых полей, их развитие при шторме. Исследовано явление затенения волн Крымским п-овом. С использованием доступных данных на период шторма результаты расчетов сопоставлены с данными спутниковых альтиметров, волнового скаттерометра CFOSAT SWIM и радара с синтезированием апертуры. Представлены данные контактных измерений, проведенных в период шторма штатным оборудованием с океанографической платформы Черноморского гидрофизического подспутникового полигона Морского гидрофизического института РАН в прибрежной зоне Южного берега Крыма. Расчет характеристик волн вблизи океанографической платформы сделан методом вложенных сеток.
Выводы. Получено, что при шторме в ноябре 2023 г. в Черном море максимальные высоты волн и максимальные периоды волн превышали 9 м и 13 с соответственно. Показано, что результаты расчетов подтверждаются большим объемом спутниковых данных. Расчет характеристик волн вблизи океанографической платформы согласуется с контактными измерениями с платформы. Поскольку использованные конфигурации моделей позволили получить поля физических характеристик волн с высокой степенью достоверности, их можно применять для надежного прогноза экстремальных штормов в Черном море. Затенение волн Крымским п-овом привело к понижению в два и более раз высоты экстремальных волн в протяженной прибрежной акватории от южной оконечности полуострова до м. Чауда (35,8º в. д.).
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Morskoy Gidrofizicheskiy Zhurnal. 2024; 40: 325-347
Extreme Black Sea Storm in November, 2023
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to describe comprehensively the extreme storm in the Black Sea in November, 2023 in the terms of characteristics of the wind and wave fields, based on model calculations, satellite data and field measurements.
Methods and Results. The atmospheric fields are calculated using the WRF model, and the wave fields – by the SWAN model. The wind and wave fields, as well as their development during the storm are described in details. The phenomenon of wave shading by the Crimean Peninsula is studied. The data available for the storm period were involved in comparing the calculation results to the data of satellite altimeters, the CFOSAT SWIM wave scatterometer, and the synthetic aperture radars. The data of contact measurements carried out during the storm by the standard equipment installed at the oceanographic platform at the Black Sea hydrophysical subsatellite polygon of Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS (the coastal zone of the southern coast of Crimea) are presented. The wave characteristics near the oceanographic platform were calculated using the nested grid method.
Conclusions. It is found that during the storm in the Black Sea in November 2023, the maximum wave heights and the maximum wave periods exceeded 9 m and 13 s, respectively. The calculation results are confirmed by a large amount of satellite data. The results of calculating the characteristics of waves near the oceanographic platform are consistent with the in situ measurements performed from the oceanographic platform. Since the applied configuration of models and their settings permitted to retrieve the fields of wave physical characteristics with a high degree of reliability, they can be used for an authentic forecast of extreme storms in the Black Sea. The shading of waves by the Crimean Peninsula has led to the two and more times decrease in the heights of extreme waves in the coastal waters from the southern tip of the peninsula to Cape Chauda (35.8 ºE).
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