Микробиота кишечника у детей с ожирением. Роль пробиотиков

Ожирение является глобальной проблемой современного здравоохранения. В 2016 г. Всемирная организация здравоохранения подсчитала, что 39% лиц старше 18 лет имеют избыточный вес, а за период с 1975 по 2016 г. количество лиц, страдающих ожирением, во всем мире почти утроилось. Количество детей с избыточной массой и ожирением растет тревожными темпами, причем, по оценкам Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в 2016 г. их число в возрасте до 5 лет превысило 41 млн человек. Научные данные подтверждают гипотезу о том, что развитие ожирения тесно связано с изменениями как функции, так и состава микробиоты кишечника, играющей существенную роль в контроле энергетического обмена и изменения индекса массы тела. Основной терапией ожирения и опосредованных с ним метаболических нарушений до настоящего времени остается корригированная диета в сочетании с физической активностью. Новая терапевтическая стратегия лечения и профилактики ожирения основана на изменении метаболической активности микробиоты кишечника с помощью пробиотиков. Исследования, посвященные изменениям метаболической активности и ожирения, проведенные на грызунах, показали обнадеживающие результаты. Благотворное влияние пробиотиков на здоровье человека сегодня уже не требует доказательств. Пробиотики оказывают комплексное воздействие на физические, биохимические и метаболические параметры, связанные с ожирением, в сочетании с адекватным питанием и коррекцией образа жизни. Пробиотики в присутствии пребиотиков обладают более выраженными метаболическими функциями, способствуют стабилизации состава кишечной микробиоты, поддержанию здоровой массы тела и контролю факторов, связанных с накоплением жира и хроническим воспалением.

педиатрия, дети, ожирение, микробиота кишечника, секвенирование генов 16S рРНК, пробиотики, пребиотики, питание, здоровье, обмен веществ

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