Валеология: Здоровье, Болезнь, Выздоровление. 2021; : 21-28
КОРОНАВИРУСНАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ (COVID-19) И БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР
Аннотация
Исследования в литературе показали, что женщины более уязвимы к респираторным инфекциям во время беременности, поэтому беременные подвергаются более высокому риску заражения COVID-19 из-за ослабленной иммунной системы [1]. В данном исследовании нами проводится литературный обзор актуальных статей короновирусной инфекции у беременных. В научной работе мы обсудили клинические признаки, результаты лабораторных исследований и осложнения беременности при COVID-19 у беременных женщин. Мы также рассмотрели материнские и перинатальные результаты у инфицированных беременных женщин и вертикальную передачу инфекции.
Список литературы
1. Ashraf, M. A., Keshavarz, P., Hosseinpour, P., Erfani, A., Roshanshad, A., Pourdast, A., . . . Poordast, T. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of pregnancy and the possibility of vertical transmission. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, 21 (3), 157-168. Retrieved from: www.scopus.com.
2. Ahlers-Schmidt, C. R., Hervey, A. M., Neil, T., Kuhlmann, S., & Kuhlmann, Z. (2020). Concerns of women regarding pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient Education and Counseling, 103 (12), 2578-2582. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.031.
3. Areia, A. L., & Mota-Pinto, A. (2020). Can immunity during pregnancy influence SARS-CoV-2 infection? – A systematic review. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 142 doi:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103215.
4. Bellos, I., Pandita, A., & Panza, R. (2021). Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 256, 194-204. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.038.
5. Berhan, Y. (2020). What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 142 doi:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180.
6. Bitonti, G., Palumbo, A. R., Gallo, C., Rania, E., Saccone, G., De Vivo, V., . . . Venturella, R. (2020). Being an obstetrics and gynaecology resident during the COVID-19: Impact of the pandemic on the residency training program. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 253, 48-51. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.057.
7. Buonsenso, D., Raffaelli, F., Tamburrini, E., Biasucci, D. G., Salvi, S., Smargiassi, A., . . . Moro, F. (2020). Clinical role of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56 (1), 106-109. doi: 10.1002/uog.22055.
8. Capobianco, G., Saderi, L., Aliberti, S., Mondoni, M., Piana, A., Dessole, F., . . . Sotgiu, G. (2020). COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 543-558. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006
9. Carosso, A., Cosma, S., Serafini, P., Benedetto, C., & Mahmood, T. (2020). How to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during vaginal delivery? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 250, 246-249. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.065.
10. Cavalcante, M. B., Cavalcante, C. T. D. M. B., Sarno, M., Barini, R., & Kwak-Kim, J. (2021). Maternal immune responses and obstetrical outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and possible health risks of offspring. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 143 doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103250
11. Chen, L., Li, Q., Zheng, D., Jiang, H., Wei, Y., Zou, L., . . . Qiao, J. (2020). Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with covid-19 in wuhan, china. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(25), E100. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2009226.
12. Chen, X., Li, Y., Wang, J., Cai, H., Cao, H., & Sheng, J. (2020). Pregnant women complicated with COVID-19: A clinical analysis of 3 cases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao.Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University.Medical Sciences, 49 (2), 240-244. Retrieved from www.scopus.com
13. Cheng, S. O., Khan, S., & Alsafi, Z. (2020). Maternal death in pregnancy due to COVID-19. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56(1), 122. doi:10.1002/uog.22111.
14. Dell'Utri, C., Manzoni, E., Cipriani, S., Spizzico, C., Dell'Acqua, A., Barbara, G., . . . Kustermann, A. (2020). Effects of SARS cov-2 epidemic on the obstetrical and gynecological emergency service accesses. What happened and what shall we expect now? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 254, 64-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.006.
15. du Fossé, N. A., Bronsgeest, K., Arbous, M. S., Zlei, M., Myeni, S. K., Kikkert, M., . . . van den Akker, T. (2021). Detailed immune monitoring of a pregnant woman with critical covid-19. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 143 doi:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103243.
16. Dubey, P., Reddy, S. Y., Manuel, S., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2020). Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 infected women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 490-501. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.034.
17. Egloff, C., Vauloup-Fellous, C., Picone, O., Mandelbrot, L., & Roques, P. (2020). Evidence and possible mechanisms of rare maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Virology, 128 doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104447.
18. Garg, S., Singh, A., Kalita, M., Siddiqui, A., & Kapoor, M. (2020). Peripartum cardiomyopathy mimicking COVID-19 infection. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, 36 (5), S44-S47. doi:10.4103/joacp.JOACP_267_20.
19. Ghi, T., di Pasquo, E., Mekinian, A., Calza, L., & Frusca, T. (2020). Sars-CoV-2 in pregnancy: Why is it better than expected? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 476-478. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.025
20. Giuliani, C., Li Volsi, P., Brun, E., Chiambretti, A., Giandalia, A., Tonutti, L., . . . Napoli, A. (2020). Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: Suggestions on behalf of woman study group of AMD. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 165 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108239.
21. González, R., García-Otero, L., Pons-Duran, C., Marbán-Castro, E., Goncé, A., Llurba, E., ... Menendez, C. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine efficacy and safety in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity during pregnancy (COVID-preg): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised placebo controlled trial. Trials, 21 (1) doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04557-y.
22. Gracia-Perez-Bonfils, A., Martinez-Perez, O., Llurba, E., & Chandraharan, E. (2020). Fetal heart rate changes on the cardiotocograph trace secondary to maternal COVID-19 infection. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 286-293. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.049.
23. Gur, R. E., White, L. K., Waller, R., Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Kornfield, S., . . . Elovitz, M. A. (2020). The disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant black women. Psychiatry Research, 293 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113475.
24. Habiba, M., & Akkad, A. (2020). Ethical considerations relevant to infections in pregnancy: Application to sars-covid-19. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 563-567. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.013.
25. Hamid, M. H., Afzal, M. F., Noor, M., & Rana, M. T. (2020). Covid-19 in children – what is known so far. Pakistan Paediatric Journal, 44 (2), 157-176. Retrieved from www.scopus.com.
26. Kucirka, L. M., Norton, A., & Sheffield, J. S. (2020). Severity of COVID-19 in pregnancy: A review of current evidence. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 84 (5) doi:10.1111/aji.13332.
27. Madsen, A. M. R., Schaltz-Buchholzer, F., Benfield, T., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Dalgaard, L. S., Dam, C., Benn, C. S. (2020). Using BCG vaccine to enhance non-specific protection of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in denmark. Trials, 21 (1) doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04714-3.
28. Marietta, M., Vandelli, P., Mighali, P., Vicini, R., Coluccio, V., & D'Amico, R. (2020). Randomised controlled trial comparing efficacy and safety of high versus low low-molecular weight heparin dosages in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and coagulopathy not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (COVID-19 HD): A structured summary of a study protocol. Trials, 21 (1) doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04475-z.
29. Masjoudi, M., Aslani, A., Khazaeian, S., & Fathnezhad-Kazemi, A. (2020). Explaining the experience of prenatal care and investigating the association between psychological factors with self-care in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed method study protocol. Reproductive Health, 17 (1) doi: 10.1186/s12978-020-00949-0.
30. Mayeur, A., Binois, O., Gallot, V., Hesters, L., Benoit, A., Oppenheimer, A., ... Sonigo, C. (2020). First follow-up of art pregnancies in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 253, 71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.050
31. McDonnell, S., McNamee, E., Lindow, S. W., & O'Connell, M. P. (2020). The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: A review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 255, 172-176. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023.
32. McIntyre, H. D., Gibbons, K. S., Ma, R. C. W., Tam, W. H., Sacks, D. A., Lowe, J., . . . Catalano, P. M. (2020). Testing for gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. an evaluation of proposed protocols for the united kingdom, canada and australia. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 167 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108353.
33. Motlagh, A. J., Esmaelzadeh Saeieh, S., Parhigar, O., & Salehi, L. (2020). An asthmatic pregnant woman with COVID-19: A case report study. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 31 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101296.
34. Phoswa, W. N., & Khaliq, O. P. (2020). Is pregnancy a risk factor of COVID-19? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 605-609. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.058
35. Tanacan, A., Erol, S. A., Turgay, B., Anuk, A. T., Secen, E. I., Yegin, G. F., . . . Tekin, O. M. (2020). The rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery: Experience of a pandemic center in turkey. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 253, 31-34. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.051.
36. Trauer, M. M., Matthies, A., Mani, N., McDermott, C., & Jarman, R. (2020). The utility of lung ultrasound in COVID-19: A systematic scoping review. Ultrasound, 28 (4), 208-222. doi:10.1177/1742271X20950779.
Valeology: Health - Illnes - recovery. 2021; : 21-28
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) AND PREGNANCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Abstract
Studies in the literature have shown that women are more vulnerable to respiratory infections during pregnancy, so pregnant women are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to a weakened immune system [1]. In this study, we conduct a literary review of all relevant articles of coronavirus infection in pregnant women. In the research paper, we discussed the clinical signs, laboratory results, and pregnancy complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women. We also looked at maternal and perinatal outcomes in infected pregnant women and vertical transmission.
References
1. Ashraf, M. A., Keshavarz, P., Hosseinpour, P., Erfani, A., Roshanshad, A., Pourdast, A., . . . Poordast, T. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of pregnancy and the possibility of vertical transmission. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, 21 (3), 157-168. Retrieved from: www.scopus.com.
2. Ahlers-Schmidt, C. R., Hervey, A. M., Neil, T., Kuhlmann, S., & Kuhlmann, Z. (2020). Concerns of women regarding pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient Education and Counseling, 103 (12), 2578-2582. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.031.
3. Areia, A. L., & Mota-Pinto, A. (2020). Can immunity during pregnancy influence SARS-CoV-2 infection? – A systematic review. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 142 doi:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103215.
4. Bellos, I., Pandita, A., & Panza, R. (2021). Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 256, 194-204. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.038.
5. Berhan, Y. (2020). What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 142 doi:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180.
6. Bitonti, G., Palumbo, A. R., Gallo, C., Rania, E., Saccone, G., De Vivo, V., . . . Venturella, R. (2020). Being an obstetrics and gynaecology resident during the COVID-19: Impact of the pandemic on the residency training program. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 253, 48-51. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.057.
7. Buonsenso, D., Raffaelli, F., Tamburrini, E., Biasucci, D. G., Salvi, S., Smargiassi, A., . . . Moro, F. (2020). Clinical role of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56 (1), 106-109. doi: 10.1002/uog.22055.
8. Capobianco, G., Saderi, L., Aliberti, S., Mondoni, M., Piana, A., Dessole, F., . . . Sotgiu, G. (2020). COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 543-558. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006
9. Carosso, A., Cosma, S., Serafini, P., Benedetto, C., & Mahmood, T. (2020). How to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during vaginal delivery? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 250, 246-249. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.065.
10. Cavalcante, M. B., Cavalcante, C. T. D. M. B., Sarno, M., Barini, R., & Kwak-Kim, J. (2021). Maternal immune responses and obstetrical outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and possible health risks of offspring. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 143 doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103250
11. Chen, L., Li, Q., Zheng, D., Jiang, H., Wei, Y., Zou, L., . . . Qiao, J. (2020). Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with covid-19 in wuhan, china. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(25), E100. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2009226.
12. Chen, X., Li, Y., Wang, J., Cai, H., Cao, H., & Sheng, J. (2020). Pregnant women complicated with COVID-19: A clinical analysis of 3 cases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao.Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University.Medical Sciences, 49 (2), 240-244. Retrieved from www.scopus.com
13. Cheng, S. O., Khan, S., & Alsafi, Z. (2020). Maternal death in pregnancy due to COVID-19. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56(1), 122. doi:10.1002/uog.22111.
14. Dell'Utri, C., Manzoni, E., Cipriani, S., Spizzico, C., Dell'Acqua, A., Barbara, G., . . . Kustermann, A. (2020). Effects of SARS cov-2 epidemic on the obstetrical and gynecological emergency service accesses. What happened and what shall we expect now? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 254, 64-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.006.
15. du Fossé, N. A., Bronsgeest, K., Arbous, M. S., Zlei, M., Myeni, S. K., Kikkert, M., . . . van den Akker, T. (2021). Detailed immune monitoring of a pregnant woman with critical covid-19. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 143 doi:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103243.
16. Dubey, P., Reddy, S. Y., Manuel, S., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2020). Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 infected women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 490-501. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.034.
17. Egloff, C., Vauloup-Fellous, C., Picone, O., Mandelbrot, L., & Roques, P. (2020). Evidence and possible mechanisms of rare maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Virology, 128 doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104447.
18. Garg, S., Singh, A., Kalita, M., Siddiqui, A., & Kapoor, M. (2020). Peripartum cardiomyopathy mimicking COVID-19 infection. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, 36 (5), S44-S47. doi:10.4103/joacp.JOACP_267_20.
19. Ghi, T., di Pasquo, E., Mekinian, A., Calza, L., & Frusca, T. (2020). Sars-CoV-2 in pregnancy: Why is it better than expected? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 476-478. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.025
20. Giuliani, C., Li Volsi, P., Brun, E., Chiambretti, A., Giandalia, A., Tonutti, L., . . . Napoli, A. (2020). Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: Suggestions on behalf of woman study group of AMD. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 165 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108239.
21. González, R., García-Otero, L., Pons-Duran, C., Marbán-Castro, E., Goncé, A., Llurba, E., ... Menendez, C. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine efficacy and safety in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity during pregnancy (COVID-preg): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised placebo controlled trial. Trials, 21 (1) doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04557-y.
22. Gracia-Perez-Bonfils, A., Martinez-Perez, O., Llurba, E., & Chandraharan, E. (2020). Fetal heart rate changes on the cardiotocograph trace secondary to maternal COVID-19 infection. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 286-293. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.049.
23. Gur, R. E., White, L. K., Waller, R., Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Kornfield, S., . . . Elovitz, M. A. (2020). The disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant black women. Psychiatry Research, 293 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113475.
24. Habiba, M., & Akkad, A. (2020). Ethical considerations relevant to infections in pregnancy: Application to sars-covid-19. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 563-567. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.013.
25. Hamid, M. H., Afzal, M. F., Noor, M., & Rana, M. T. (2020). Covid-19 in children – what is known so far. Pakistan Paediatric Journal, 44 (2), 157-176. Retrieved from www.scopus.com.
26. Kucirka, L. M., Norton, A., & Sheffield, J. S. (2020). Severity of COVID-19 in pregnancy: A review of current evidence. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 84 (5) doi:10.1111/aji.13332.
27. Madsen, A. M. R., Schaltz-Buchholzer, F., Benfield, T., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Dalgaard, L. S., Dam, C., Benn, C. S. (2020). Using BCG vaccine to enhance non-specific protection of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in denmark. Trials, 21 (1) doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04714-3.
28. Marietta, M., Vandelli, P., Mighali, P., Vicini, R., Coluccio, V., & D'Amico, R. (2020). Randomised controlled trial comparing efficacy and safety of high versus low low-molecular weight heparin dosages in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and coagulopathy not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (COVID-19 HD): A structured summary of a study protocol. Trials, 21 (1) doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04475-z.
29. Masjoudi, M., Aslani, A., Khazaeian, S., & Fathnezhad-Kazemi, A. (2020). Explaining the experience of prenatal care and investigating the association between psychological factors with self-care in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed method study protocol. Reproductive Health, 17 (1) doi: 10.1186/s12978-020-00949-0.
30. Mayeur, A., Binois, O., Gallot, V., Hesters, L., Benoit, A., Oppenheimer, A., ... Sonigo, C. (2020). First follow-up of art pregnancies in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 253, 71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.050
31. McDonnell, S., McNamee, E., Lindow, S. W., & O'Connell, M. P. (2020). The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: A review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 255, 172-176. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023.
32. McIntyre, H. D., Gibbons, K. S., Ma, R. C. W., Tam, W. H., Sacks, D. A., Lowe, J., . . . Catalano, P. M. (2020). Testing for gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. an evaluation of proposed protocols for the united kingdom, canada and australia. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 167 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108353.
33. Motlagh, A. J., Esmaelzadeh Saeieh, S., Parhigar, O., & Salehi, L. (2020). An asthmatic pregnant woman with COVID-19: A case report study. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 31 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101296.
34. Phoswa, W. N., & Khaliq, O. P. (2020). Is pregnancy a risk factor of COVID-19? European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 252, 605-609. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.058
35. Tanacan, A., Erol, S. A., Turgay, B., Anuk, A. T., Secen, E. I., Yegin, G. F., . . . Tekin, O. M. (2020). The rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery: Experience of a pandemic center in turkey. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 253, 31-34. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.051.
36. Trauer, M. M., Matthies, A., Mani, N., McDermott, C., & Jarman, R. (2020). The utility of lung ultrasound in COVID-19: A systematic scoping review. Ultrasound, 28 (4), 208-222. doi:10.1177/1742271X20950779.
