Валеология: Здоровье, Болезнь, Выздоровление. 2020; : 221-231
АСПЕКТЫ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ СО ЗДОРОВЬЕМ БЕЖЕНЦЕВ
Аннотация
Мигрирующие люди сталкиваются с ситуациями, которые могут повлиять на их физическое, психическое и социальное благополучие. Условия, сопровождающие миграционный процесс, могут повысить уязвимость организма к заболеваниям. Хотя проблемы со здоровьем беженцев и мигрантов схожи с проблемами остального населения, в некоторых группах распространенность заболеваний выше.
Проведен анализ научных публикаций, таких баз данных, как PubMed, Scopus, Web of science и др. Анализ проводился за период 2003-2018 годы в сравнении с показателями некоторых стран, где население в большей степени мигрирует. К наиболее распространенным проблемам со здоровьем вновь прибывших мигрантов относятся случайные травмы, переохлаждение, ожоги кожи, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, осложнения, связанные с беременностью и родами, сахарный диабет и гипертония. Женщины-мигранты часто сталкиваются с особыми проблемами, связанными со здоровьем матерей, новорожденных и детей, сексуальным и репродуктивным здоровьем и насилием.
Правовой статус является одним из важнейших факторов, определяющих доступ мигрантов к медицинским услугам в стране. Каждый беженец и мигрант должен иметь полный, непрерывный доступ к гостеприимной среде и, при необходимости, к высококачественному медицинскому обслуживанию без дискриминации по признаку пола, возраста, религии, национальности или расы.
Миграционные модели создают особые проблемы для систем здравоохранения, которые требуют понимания контекста, а также тонкого и осознанного подхода к здоровью беженцев и мигрантов – подхода, который в силу самой природы миграции будет отличаться от страны к стране. Поэтому взаимосвязь между перемещением населения, миграцией и ключевыми вопросами развития здравоохранения, образования, гендерной проблематикой, трудом и урбанизацией нуждается в дальнейшем изучении.
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Valeology: Health - Illnes - recovery. 2020; : 221-231
PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS RELATED TO REFUGEE HEALTH
Abstract
Migrating people face situations that can affect their physical, mental and social well-being. The conditions accompanying the migration process can increase the body's vulnerability to disease. Although the health problems of refugees and migrants are similar to the rest of the population, in some groups the disease prevalence is higher.
The analysis of scientific publications of such databases as PubMed, Scopus, Web of science and others. The analysis was carried out for 2003-2018 years in comparison with the indicators of some countries where the population is more migrating. The most common health problems for newly arrived migrants include accidental injuries, hypothermia, skin burns, cardiovascular diseases, complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth, diabetes and hypertonia. Migrant women often face specific challenges, connected with maternal, newborn and child health, sexual, reproductive health and violence.
Legal status is one of the most important factors determining the access of migrants to medical services in the country. Every refugee and migrant must have full, uninterrupted access to a hospitable environment and, if necessary, to high-quality medical care without discrimination based on sex, age, religion, nationality or race.
Conclusion: Migration models pose particular challenges for health systems that require an understanding of the context, as well as a subtle and informed approach to the health of refugees and migrants - an approach that, by the very nature of migration, will differ from country to country. Therefore, the relationship between population movement, migration and key development issues-health, education, gender, labor, and urbanization-needs to be
further explored.
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