Инфекция и иммунитет. 2022; 12: 105-112
Выявление случаев кори во Вьетнаме в период распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции
https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-RMC-1806Аннотация
Введение. Согласно стратегическому плану ВОЗ, к 2020 г. пять из шести географических регионов должны были достигнуть элиминации кори. Западно-Тихоокеанский регион (ЗТР), включающий Социалистическую Республику Вьетнам (СРВ), входит в их число. В 2019 г. во Вьетнаме было выявлено 14 156 случаев кори, что существенно превышает уровень, необходимый для достижения элиминации (менее 1 случая на 1 млн населения). Анализ причин продолжающейся циркуляции вируса кори в разных регионах мира представляется весьма важным. Важно также оценить возможное влияние на заболеваемость корью противоэпидемических мер, направленных на борьбу с пандемией COVID-19. Данное исследование посвящено выявлению случаев кори в Южном Вьетнаме с января 2020 по март 2021 г. Материалы и методы. На IgM-антитела к вирусу кори было исследовано 799 образцов сывороток крови, полученных с разных территорий Южного Вьетнама в 2020–2021 гг. Использовали тест-систему Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM) (Euroimmun, Германия). Наличие в сыворотке крови IgM-антител к вирусу кори оценивали как острую коревую инфекцию. Результаты. Вирус кори активно циркулировал в Южном Вьетнаме в первые месяцы 2020 года. В эпидемический процесс преимущественно были вовлечены жители крупных городов и промышленных центров. Корь распространялась в основном среди непривитых (71,58%) или не имеющих сведений о прививках (25,48%), но среди заболевших были и вакцинированные (2,12%), и ревакцинированные (0,64%) лица. Абсолютное большинство заболевших (71%) — дети в возрасте до трех лет, с преобладанием детей первого года жизни. Среди последних 48% составили дети 7–9 месяцев. В марте-апреле 2020 г. отмечено резкое снижение количества случаев кори в Южном Вьетнаме, до спорадического уровня (с мая 2020 до марта 2021 г.). Это связано, по-видимому, с противоэпидемическими мероприятиями, которые проводились в СРВ с целью ограничения распространения COVID-19. Следовательно, после снятия ограничений можно ожидать повышения заболеваемости корью в СРВ.
Список литературы
1. Антипова А.Ю., Бичурина М.А., Лаврентьева И.Н. К вопросу о реализации программы элиминации кори в странах Западно-Тихоокеанского региона ВОЗ // Инфекция и иммунитет. 2018. Т. 8, № 4. С. 465–472. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-465-472
2. Лаврентьева И.Н., Бичурина М.А., Антипова А.Ю., Камара Ж., Магассуба Н’Ф. Выявление случаев кори в Гвинейской Республике в 2017–2018 гг. // Инфекция и иммунитет. 2020. Т. 10, № 3. С. 570–574. doi: 10/15789/2220-7619-DOM-1333
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7. Patel M.K., Gacic-Dobo M., Strebel P.M., Dabbagh A., Mulders M.N., Okwo-Bele J.-M., Dumolard L., Rota P.A., Kretsinger K., Goodson J.L. Progress towards regional measles elimination — worldwide, 2000–2015. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2016, vol. 65, no. 44, pp. 525–536. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a6
8. Pham V.H., Nguyet D.P.H., Mai Kh.N.H., Truong Kh.H., Huynh L.V. Measles epidemics among children in Vietnam: genomic characterization of virus responsible for measles outbreak in Ho Chi Minh city, 2014. eBioMedicine, 2014, vol. 1, no. 2–3, pp. 133– 140. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.015
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10. Schluter W.W., Xiaojun W., Mendoza-Aldana J., Jee Y., Diorditsa S. Progress toward measles elimination — Western Pacific Region, 2009–2012. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2013, vol. 62, no. 22, pp. 443–447.
11. Sniadack D.H., Mendoza-Aldana J., Huyen D.T.T., Van T.T.T., Cuong N.V., Olive J.M., Toda K., Hien N.T. Epidemiology of a measles epidemic in Vietnam 2008–2010. J. Infect. Dis., 2011, vol. 204, no. 1, pp. S476–S482. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir092
12. Soakai T.S., Sadr-Azodi N., Ozturk M., Clements C.J. Measles control in Pacific Island countries and territories. Ann. Virol. Res., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3: 1022.
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Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2022; 12: 105-112
Revealing measles cases in Vietnam during the spread of a new coronavirus infection
https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-RMC-1806Abstract
Introduction. According to the WHO Strategic Plan, five out of six geographical regions were expected to achieve measles elimination by 2020, among which is the Western Pacific Region (WPR), which includes the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (VNM). In 2019, 14 156 measles cases were detected in Vietnam, which significantly exceeds the level required to achieve its elimination (less than 1 case per 1 million population). Analyzing the causes of the ongoing measles virus circulation in diverse global regions is very important. It is also important to assess a potential impact on the measles incidence due to anti-epidemic measures aimed at combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is devoted to revealation measles cases in South Vietnam within the period covering January 2020 to March 2021. Materials and methods. 799 samples of blood sera obtained from different territories of South Vietnam in 2020–2021 were examined for IgM antibodies against measles virus using the Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM) test system (Euroimmun, Germany). The presence of IgM measles virus antibodies in the blood serum was assessed as an acute measles infection. Results. The measles virus was actively circulating in South Vietnam in the first months of 2020. Residents of large cities and industrial centers were mainly involved in the epidemic process. Measles spread mainly among unvaccinated (71.58%) subjects, or who was unaware of vaccinations (25.48%), but also among those who were vaccinated (2.12%) and revaccinated (0.64%). The absolute majority of cases (71%) affected children under the age of three, with a predominance of those at the first year of life. Among the latter, 48% were children aged 7-9 months old. In March- April 2020, there was a sharp decrease in the number of measles cases in South Vietnam, down to a sporadic level (from May 2020 to March 2021). This is probably due to the anti-epidemic measures that were carried out in the VNM in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. Consequently, after the restrictions are lifted, we can expect an increase in the measles incidence in VNM.
References
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3. Hang L.K.N., Do L.P., Van T.T.T., Nguyen S.V., Hoang P.V.M., Pham H.T., Le T.T., Tran H.T.T., Vuong C.D., Mai T.Q.L. Viral co-infections among children with confirmed measles at hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 2017, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 171–174. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.01.015
4. Marin M., Nguyen H.Q., Langidrik J.R., Edwards R., Briand K., Papania M.J., Seward J.F., LeBaron C.W. Measles transmission and vaccine effectiveness during a large outbreak on a densely populated island: implications for vaccination policy. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2006, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 315–319. doi: 10.1086/498902
5. Measles and rubella strategic framework 2021–2030. Geneva: WHO, 2020. 48 p. URL: http://www.immunizationagenda2030.org/images/documents/measles_rubella_initiative_Digital3.pdf
6. Nmor J.C., Thanh H., Goto K. Recurring measles epidemic in Vietnam 2005–2009: implication for strengthened control strategies. Int. J. Biol. Sci., 2011, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 138–146. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.7.138
7. Patel M.K., Gacic-Dobo M., Strebel P.M., Dabbagh A., Mulders M.N., Okwo-Bele J.-M., Dumolard L., Rota P.A., Kretsinger K., Goodson J.L. Progress towards regional measles elimination — worldwide, 2000–2015. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2016, vol. 65, no. 44, pp. 525–536. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a6
8. Pham V.H., Nguyet D.P.H., Mai Kh.N.H., Truong Kh.H., Huynh L.V. Measles epidemics among children in Vietnam: genomic characterization of virus responsible for measles outbreak in Ho Chi Minh city, 2014. eBioMedicine, 2014, vol. 1, no. 2–3, pp. 133– 140. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.10.015
9. Roberts L. In Vietnam, an anatomy of a measles outbreak. Science, 2015, vol. 348, no. 6238: 962. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6238.962
10. Schluter W.W., Xiaojun W., Mendoza-Aldana J., Jee Y., Diorditsa S. Progress toward measles elimination — Western Pacific Region, 2009–2012. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2013, vol. 62, no. 22, pp. 443–447.
11. Sniadack D.H., Mendoza-Aldana J., Huyen D.T.T., Van T.T.T., Cuong N.V., Olive J.M., Toda K., Hien N.T. Epidemiology of a measles epidemic in Vietnam 2008–2010. J. Infect. Dis., 2011, vol. 204, no. 1, pp. S476–S482. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir092
12. Soakai T.S., Sadr-Azodi N., Ozturk M., Clements C.J. Measles control in Pacific Island countries and territories. Ann. Virol. Res., 2016, vol. 2, no. 3: 1022.
13. WHO. Global measles and rubella strategic plan: 2012–2020. Geneva: WHO, 2012. 44 p.
14. WHO. Global measles and rubella update. April 2018. Measles. WHO, 2018. 54 p.
15. WHO. Measles and rubella elimination in the Western Pacific: regional strategy and plan of action. Annex. WHO, 2017. 101 p.
16. WHO. Measles reported cases. Last update: 15-Oct-2020 (data received as of 12-Oct-20). URL: https://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/timeseries/tsincidencemeasles.html
17. WHO. Reported measles cases and incidence rates by WHO States 2013, 2014 as of 11 February 2015. WHO, 2015. 7 p. URL: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measlesreportedcasesbycountry.pdf
18. Zhang Y. An update for the Western pacific region including an update on the current outbreak in Mongolia. In: Report on the 13th global measles and rubella laboratory network meeting, WHO/HQ Geneva 29 June — 1 July. Geneva: WHO, 2015, pp. 18–20.
