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История: факты и символы. 2020; : 112-121

BATTLE OF GEMAUERTHOF ON 26 JULY 1705

https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2020-22-1-112-121

Аннотация

The Great Northern War was an event that changed not only the Commonwealth but also the Central European states, among others Russia. This war has brought many tactical and strategic changes that can be observed in battlefields and during the campaign. It is, therefore, appropriate to call up the battle relations that took place during the Great Northern War. Such a battle is a clash between the Swedish troops led by Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and the Russian troops led by Boris Petrovich Sheremetev, played at Gemauerthof on July 26, 1705. The Battle of Gemauerthof of July 26, 1705 was related to the Courland operation of the Russian army during the Great Northern War. In the initial period, the Swedish army dealt quite effortlessly with all members of the hostile coalition, beating the Russians at Narva and forcing the Saxons to abandon the siege of Riga. In 1702, Charles XII led the Swedish army into the territory of the Commonwealth, engaging fully in a fight against August II - the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian state and Saxon elector. The Swedish involvement was utilized by Tsar Peter I. By 1704, Russia managed to gain access to the Baltic Sea, but Peter I and his generals realized that the offensive of Charles XII towards the Swedish Baltic provinces could lead to the loss of these conquests. Peter I wanted to seize the Duchy of Courland and crush the corps of Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, which stationed there. In the spring of 1705, the main Russian army was concentrated on the Daugava River, which placed it in a relatively convenient starting position for the offensive against the Swedes. Sheremetev was given the task of blocking Lewishaupt's vossl and, in favorable circumstances, giving him a battle. This battle took place, but the result was different than planned by the Russian command.
Список литературы

1. Burdowicz-Nowicki J. Piotr I, August II i Rzeczpospolita 1697-1706. Kraków: Arcana, 2013. 767 p.

2. Een sanfärdig Berättelse, om den blodige träffning och härlige Seger, hwilken Gref Adam Ludwig Leijonhuf wud beföchtet emot den Musskowitiske General-Fält-Marschalken Knees Boris Petrovitz Scheremethoff, d. 16 Julij 1705 wed Gemäuert Hoff, [Electronic resource]. Mode of access: http://cbdu.ijp.pan.pl/13500/

3. Jarochowski K. Opowiadania i studia historyczne. Warszawa: Żupański, 1877. 450 p.

4. Kamiński A. Przeciwko Szwedom i Leszczyńskiemu. Działania wojsk rosyjskich na terenie Polski w 1705-1706 roku // Studia i Materiały do Historii Wojskowości. 1966. № 12, cz. 2. S. 230-259.

5. Karl XII på slagfältet. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner, 1918. 322 p.

6. Kościelniak K. Polskie źródło do przebiegu bitwy pod Gemauerthof/Murmizą z 2 lipca 1705 roku // Studia z Dziejów Polskiej Historiografii Wojskowej. 2017. № 12. S. 47-61.

7. Krokosz P. Rosyjskie siły zbrojne za panowania Piotra I. Kraków: Arcana, 2010. 427 s.

8. Prawdziwa relatia. Sławnego zwycięstwa, y krwawey bitwy przy assistentii Boskiey otrzymana nad woyskiem Moskiewskim przeciwko hetmana wielkiego kniaza Borisa Petrowicza Szeremeta, przy murowanym dworze, pultrzecy mil od Zagarn, dnia 16 July S. V. a 26 S. N. Roku 1705. Pod commęndą Jaśnie Wielmoznego Jmsc. Pana Adama Ludwika hrabiego Lewenhaupta, General-Majora, y Vice-Gubernatora Kurlanskiego J.K.M. Szweckiego // Archiwum Państwowe w Gdańsku. Akta miasta Gdańska. 300, R, Gg, 39, k. 41-44.

9. Uddgren H. E. Karolinen Adam Ludvig Lewenhaupt, t. II, 1705-1709, Uddevalla, 1950.

10. Uddgren H. E. Slaget vid Gemeuerthof // Karolinska Förbundets Årsbok, 1913, s. 146-184: translation D. Schorr, The battle of Gemauerthof, 16 July 1705 by H. E. Uddgren, http://northenwars.site40.net/Grmauerthof.pdf

11. Wahrhafter Bericht von der blutigen Aktion und gloriosen Viktoria, welche der Generalmajor Löwenhaupt wider den moskowitischen Generalfeldmarschall Szeremietiew auf der Grenze von Kurland ausgefochten hat, http://cbdu.ijp.pan.pl/13520/

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13. Архив кн. Ф. А. Куракина. Кн. 1. СПб. : Тип. В. С. Балашева, 1890. 421 с.

14. Виеликанов В. С., Мехнев С. Л. Курляндская операция 1705-1706 гг. и сражение при Гемауэртгофе. М.: Русские витязи, 2016. 87 с.

15. Донесения и другие бумаги чрезвычайного посланника английского при русском дворе, Чарльза Витворта с 1704 г. по 1708 г. // Сборник Императорского Русского исторического общества, т. 50, СПб.: Типография Траншеля, 1886. С. 60-83.

16. Заозерский А. И. Фелдьмаршал Б. П. Шереметев. М.: Наука, 1989. 312 с.

17. Письма и бумаги императора Петра Великого, т. 3 (1704-1705). СПб.: Государственная типография, 1893. 1160 с.

History: facts and symbols. 2020; : 112-121

BATTLE OF GEMAUERTHOF ON 26 JULY 1705

Koschelnyak K. ..

https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2020-22-1-112-121

Abstract

The Great Northern War was an event that changed not only the Commonwealth but also the Central European states, among others Russia. This war has brought many tactical and strategic changes that can be observed in battlefields and during the campaign. It is, therefore, appropriate to call up the battle relations that took place during the Great Northern War. Such a battle is a clash between the Swedish troops led by Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and the Russian troops led by Boris Petrovich Sheremetev, played at Gemauerthof on July 26, 1705. The Battle of Gemauerthof of July 26, 1705 was related to the Courland operation of the Russian army during the Great Northern War. In the initial period, the Swedish army dealt quite effortlessly with all members of the hostile coalition, beating the Russians at Narva and forcing the Saxons to abandon the siege of Riga. In 1702, Charles XII led the Swedish army into the territory of the Commonwealth, engaging fully in a fight against August II - the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian state and Saxon elector. The Swedish involvement was utilized by Tsar Peter I. By 1704, Russia managed to gain access to the Baltic Sea, but Peter I and his generals realized that the offensive of Charles XII towards the Swedish Baltic provinces could lead to the loss of these conquests. Peter I wanted to seize the Duchy of Courland and crush the corps of Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, which stationed there. In the spring of 1705, the main Russian army was concentrated on the Daugava River, which placed it in a relatively convenient starting position for the offensive against the Swedes. Sheremetev was given the task of blocking Lewishaupt's vossl and, in favorable circumstances, giving him a battle. This battle took place, but the result was different than planned by the Russian command.
References

1. Burdowicz-Nowicki J. Piotr I, August II i Rzeczpospolita 1697-1706. Kraków: Arcana, 2013. 767 p.

2. Een sanfärdig Berättelse, om den blodige träffning och härlige Seger, hwilken Gref Adam Ludwig Leijonhuf wud beföchtet emot den Musskowitiske General-Fält-Marschalken Knees Boris Petrovitz Scheremethoff, d. 16 Julij 1705 wed Gemäuert Hoff, [Electronic resource]. Mode of access: http://cbdu.ijp.pan.pl/13500/

3. Jarochowski K. Opowiadania i studia historyczne. Warszawa: Żupański, 1877. 450 p.

4. Kamiński A. Przeciwko Szwedom i Leszczyńskiemu. Działania wojsk rosyjskich na terenie Polski w 1705-1706 roku // Studia i Materiały do Historii Wojskowości. 1966. № 12, cz. 2. S. 230-259.

5. Karl XII på slagfältet. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner, 1918. 322 p.

6. Kościelniak K. Polskie źródło do przebiegu bitwy pod Gemauerthof/Murmizą z 2 lipca 1705 roku // Studia z Dziejów Polskiej Historiografii Wojskowej. 2017. № 12. S. 47-61.

7. Krokosz P. Rosyjskie siły zbrojne za panowania Piotra I. Kraków: Arcana, 2010. 427 s.

8. Prawdziwa relatia. Sławnego zwycięstwa, y krwawey bitwy przy assistentii Boskiey otrzymana nad woyskiem Moskiewskim przeciwko hetmana wielkiego kniaza Borisa Petrowicza Szeremeta, przy murowanym dworze, pultrzecy mil od Zagarn, dnia 16 July S. V. a 26 S. N. Roku 1705. Pod commęndą Jaśnie Wielmoznego Jmsc. Pana Adama Ludwika hrabiego Lewenhaupta, General-Majora, y Vice-Gubernatora Kurlanskiego J.K.M. Szweckiego // Archiwum Państwowe w Gdańsku. Akta miasta Gdańska. 300, R, Gg, 39, k. 41-44.

9. Uddgren H. E. Karolinen Adam Ludvig Lewenhaupt, t. II, 1705-1709, Uddevalla, 1950.

10. Uddgren H. E. Slaget vid Gemeuerthof // Karolinska Förbundets Årsbok, 1913, s. 146-184: translation D. Schorr, The battle of Gemauerthof, 16 July 1705 by H. E. Uddgren, http://northenwars.site40.net/Grmauerthof.pdf

11. Wahrhafter Bericht von der blutigen Aktion und gloriosen Viktoria, welche der Generalmajor Löwenhaupt wider den moskowitischen Generalfeldmarschall Szeremietiew auf der Grenze von Kurland ausgefochten hat, http://cbdu.ijp.pan.pl/13520/

12. Wimmer J. Wojsko Rzeczypospolitej w dobie wojny północnej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1956. 610 s.

13. Arkhiv kn. F. A. Kurakina. Kn. 1. SPb. : Tip. V. S. Balasheva, 1890. 421 s.

14. Vielikanov V. S., Mekhnev S. L. Kurlyandskaya operatsiya 1705-1706 gg. i srazhenie pri Gemauertgofe. M.: Russkie vityazi, 2016. 87 s.

15. Doneseniya i drugie bumagi chrezvychainogo poslannika angliiskogo pri russkom dvore, Charl'za Vitvorta s 1704 g. po 1708 g. // Sbornik Imperatorskogo Russkogo istoricheskogo obshchestva, t. 50, SPb.: Tipografiya Transhelya, 1886. S. 60-83.

16. Zaozerskii A. I. Feld'marshal B. P. Sheremetev. M.: Nauka, 1989. 312 s.

17. Pis'ma i bumagi imperatora Petra Velikogo, t. 3 (1704-1705). SPb.: Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya, 1893. 1160 s.

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